External sound module

Is it possible to connect an external sound module to iMac/Garageband so as not to use the quicktime software sounds?
iMac   Mac OS X (10.4.5)  

I don't understand that question! GB has midi input, but that doesn't help if you want to record the audio output of the sound module.
How would you do that? I don't know if MidiO is functional in the record mode - then you could just record the sound from the module while it is triggered by the midi out. If not, I'd record it in the background to an audio editor while playing back the GB file and later import that audio.
But as I said, that's theoretical reasoning, since I haven't used MidiO. MyMac should know more.

Similar Messages

  • Using External Sound Modules (Synths) in Logic Express?

    Hi all,
    I don't have Logic Express yet. I want to know if what I want to do is possible before I purchase. It may sound trivial, but I'm very new to the whole DAW environment. Apparently Garageband can't support my external sound modules so I'm hoping Logic Express will.
    To help, please see my hardware midi setup diagram here:
    http://www.greddin.com/images/My-Midi-Setup.jpg
    Will I be able to add tracks that will play the external sound devices like the Wavestation and JD-990? Can you change the sounds through Logic? To what extent can I use my external sound modules?
    Thanks all,
    -Greg

    Hi,
    1st: Yes, Logic Express has "external MIDI" tracks that function similar to the "software instrument" tracks but trigger external instruments.
    2nd: But: To setup these tracks, especially with more than one device, needs some experience with MIDI, the channels, patch selection via MIDI etc. The real downside is you have to find out which commands you need to "tell" your devices to change sounds and these things. Since there is no standard command for this, you'll have to look it up in your devices manual and use the MSB/LSB Values- which you have to enter manually. However, once you found it out, you can save these things as templates and use them in the future. So yes, it is very possible, but expect some learning curve.
    3rd: You can use your sound modules to their full extent. Logic features a mighty MIDI environment setup once you learned how to use it.
    Fox

  • Can't hear output of external sound module connected with keyboard to logic

    Hey all, I have two related questions about midi.
    My setup is a macbook, with motu ultralight, and roland sh-32 synthesizer with an evolution mk-225c midi keyboard.
    1- when i have recorded (successfully) a midi sequence into logic using the note enter functions of the synth (has no keyboard), I cannot hear the output of the synth (output is from motu-works fine with everything else)-unless I put phones through the output of the synth.When ido this i can hear the mdi sequence i recorded. If I use the keyboard on it's own, hooked up midi out (only) to midi in of motu, I can hear ALL internal (logic) software synths (es1 etc) can hear no problem.
    I have tried routing the synth in-outs in audio/midi device selector, and added keyboard as well, to no avail.
    2- when I try and record a midi sequence with the synth and use keyboard to play notes, I cannot hear output from logic. Noting that I can hear all output loops, internal synths, audio etc no prob otherwise. I assume I'm doing something wrong and this would be the case with any external synth drum machine etc. I'm banging my head against the wall!
    Hope this makes sense, please help someone.
    Thanks

    Hi Simon,
    simonbatbot wrote:
    Hey all, I have two related questions about midi.
    My setup is a macbook, with motu ultralight, and roland sh-32 synthesizer with an evolution mk-225c midi keyboard.
    1- when i have recorded (successfully) a midi sequence into logic using the note enter functions of the synth (has no keyboard), I cannot hear the output of the synth (output is from motu-works fine with everything else)-unless I put phones through the output of the synth.When ido this i can hear the mdi sequence i recorded. If I use the keyboard on it's own, hooked up midi out (only) to midi in of motu, I can hear ALL internal (logic) software synths (es1 etc) can hear no problem.
    I have tried routing the synth in-outs in audio/midi device selector, and added keyboard as well, to no avail.
    1. You have to route the *audio outs* of your SH-32 into your Motu Ultralight and then select the appropriate inputs in Audio Midi Utility (Audio section). In Logic you have to *create an aux* in for those inputs.
    2- when I try and record a midi sequence with the synth and use keyboard to play notes, I cannot hear output from logic. Noting that I can hear all output loops, internal synths, audio etc no prob otherwise. I assume I'm doing something wrong and this would be the case with any external synth drum machine etc. I'm banging my head against the wall!
    2.You have to connect the external synths to an audio in and route that as above.
    ...if I understand correctly that you play the Evo and want to hear the SH-32, thru Logic? You have to create an *external instrument* track that outputs Midi to the SH-32. The Evo must also be setup in AM-utility as a controller of course.
    regards, Erik.

  • Feature Request: Support for External Synths/Modules (via MIDI)

    Hi,
    I just posted a feature request (via the Apple Feature Request form) but also wanted to post here. I use a combination of hardware instruments (sound modules) and software instruments.
    *My Setup*
    - Keyboard #1: M-Audio Axiom 25 (also includes a USB MIDI interface)
    - Keyboard #2: Roland A-33 Controller Keyboard (via my Axiom-25's MIDI In)
    - Edirol USB MIDI Interface (sound modules plugged into MIDI Outs)
    - Sound Module #1: Roland JV-1080
    - Sound Module #2: Yamaha TX802
    MainStage currently takes care of all my software instrument needs, however, what is missing is the ability to add external physical MIDI devices as either patches or as channel strips. I would like to use a combination of software and hardware instruments in the same song, and control this via Mainstage.
    Example:
    - Patch 1 could potentially contain 2 software instruments, each seperately controlled by a physical keyboard (this is currently possible)
    - Patch 2 could contain 1 software instrument and 1 external sound module each controlled by a physical keyboard (this is currently impossible)
    - Patch 3 could contain 2 external sound modules, mapped to different ports and/or channels, and therefore independantly controlled by my 2 keyboads (this is also currently impossible)
    Would I be correct in assuming that this is a fairly common limitation of MainStage?
    Message was edited by: olafwagner

    I have achieved MIDI out from Mainstage, thank to the information found on this forum..
    what I actually do is send Prg Change from every preset I select to control a hardware vocal harmony pedal. this way i don't have to remember which setting i use on every song or even, section of a song.
    *Step 1:*
    Library>application support>Logic> create a folder named precisely MAINSTAGE CALLBACKS
    inside of it, create an applescript with this code
    on action(parameter)
    set myprogramchange to programchangenumber of parameter
    tell application "MidiPipe"
    MIDISend toPort "MidiPipe AppleScript Input" withData {192, myprogramchange}
    end tell
    end action
    *step 2*
    download MIDIPIPE from http://homepage.mac.com/nicowald/SubtleSoft/
    and install it in your apps folder
    *step 3*
    start midipipe, and define the following modules
    MIDI IN-> use applescript input from menu
    MIDI OUT-> route to your midi interface desired output
    save this to a Midipipe file you can easily access
    Now, when I go to a gig I FIRST (this is important) load midipipe and my preset, and just hide it and let it work in the background
    Start mainstage, and set the program change of every PATCH to what I want to be sent over MIDI OUT when I enter the preset (-1 if needed or modify the previous applescript).
    Ok, this just gives you Prg change... if you want something like CC or others, you can look at some of the example files on midipipe, and write your own applescripts to be used from a control within mainstage (you know, select a screen control, and assign it to an applescript located in library>application suport>logic>Mainstage scripts. you have to tell the applescript to receive incoming data from mainstage and send it (with even some filtering or transforming) to midipipe to go to the outside world.
    One last idea: i used a free plug-in called MIDIIO that, although the plugin analysis on mainstage might say does not pass, you can use it anyway, and lets you insert it as if it was a plugin instrument...then you just route your screen controller to a MIDI parameter on that track, and there you go...but in the past it was not as solid as the midipipe solution.
    I am still investigating...I am pursuing having my hardware controller knobs to follow screen settings everytime I just change a patch, but lack some info on how to get parameter values when entering the patch ¿anyone knows, blueberry, zuelito...? I promise to share the results!
    best

  • Using my external midi instrument, Yamaha PSR-540 as a sound module

    I use Logic Studio/Logic Pro 8.0.2. I have figured out how to record rhythms from my Yamaha PSR-540 keyboard as midi onto my arrange window as I couldn't find a similar loop within Logic. Due to my keyboard's timing being different to Logic I have now figured out how to get Logic to trigger my keyboard as a sound module/source also; however, Logic is only seeing a random selection of 128 of the 707 XG/GM sounds on my keyboard and not the sound I need (which is an XG [Expanded General Midi] sound = Rock Toms). These 128 sounds are listed via the Environment window, clicking box 1 on the multi-track instrument object shown and then double-clicking on box 1. This window details two key things as well, Bank: (No Bank specified, Names of Bank 0 used) and Bank Message: (Control 32). I've tried altering these in the hope Logic brings up a different listing of my keyboard's sounds but to no luck. Please help if you can. Thank you very much.

    Antidisestablishmentistarism wrote:
    Thanks. I checked out those XG synth specs v1.26 and I looked at Logic's manual page 887 etc. I then looked at my keyboard's manual again and although it didn't tell me much, I think I'm after LSB rather than MSB. By now having these two other places to look it allows me to make many variations; however, I don't really know how to really connect the dots between those synth specs v1.26 and making the appropriate changes in the Define Custom Bank Messages and Multi Instrument Windows. Bit over my head and have been trying for about 10 hours since. Is it possible to get my hands on an environment with all the correct presets for such a problem?
    A site that's been around for ages.
    http://www.swiftkick.com/
    Under downloads Logic Environments/Logic Users Group/Synth Editors
    It's been a long time since I looked at any of these, they're from older versions of Logic but probably can be imported by layer.
    pancenter-

  • Problem connecting external sound device to the line

    When I connect my Roland Sound Canvas (external MIDI module connected to the Game/MIDI port) to the line in on the sound card (Audigy2 ZS) but I don't get any sound from the speakers when playing a MIDI file or when recording. When I use sound recorder I can only hear what was recorded during playback. What do I have to do to hear the MIDI audio playing while I'm recording it's
    I didn't have a problem doing this with a SoundBlaster Li've Value card.

    Any standard mini-stereo jack, like on the end of headphones, should go in all the way. That port is meant for use with headphones, and powered speakers that have the same connector. It is not designed for a special short connector. If your mini-stereo to RCA adapter's plug is the same length as the plug on iPod earbuds, it needs to be inserted all the way.
    As a test of the iMac's port, try using a standard set of headphones (or iPod-style earbuds) to see if you get proper sound.

  • Adding a sound module using a second midi interface

    In the arrange window, clicking and holding on an instrument icon produces a pull down menu which includes "MIDI instr" with a submenu displaying the three external midi instruments that are connected via USB and a 4X4 midi interface. We also use a 4th. midi sound module connected via a second USB cable directly to the computer. PROBLEM: The 4th. module does not appear in the submenu along with the other three instruments. It does appear as a selectable "Port" in the track information box on the far left side of the arrange window and when selected it does recieve midi data from Logic. Unfortunately, selecting it there also changes the port that one of the other three instruments is assigned to. I believe if I can get it to show in the submenu list with the other three it will solve our prolem.
    G4 powerbook   Mac OS X (10.4.5)  
      Mac OS X (10.4.5)  
      Mac OS X (10.4.5)  

    In case Jos's assistance doesn't resolve it, maybe this will: Using the example you gave
    for example: "c:\my file system"--->"first_sub_directory"--->second_sub_directory--->"HelloWorld.java"
    and assuming that you aren't using a "package ..." statement in HelloWorld.java, and also assuming that the HelloWorld.class file is in second_sub_directory , then you need to mount second_sub_directory in the Explorer. You always mount the parent of the class - or if a package is specified, the parent of the package.

  • How do I use logic as a mulit timbre sound module???

    Whats up people,
    Im trying to trigger all the sounds in logic via a hardware controller (mpc) separating everything on separate channels. I got it to read on just one channel at a time, but multi?? Forget about it.... I read other posts in regards to this same question and have run thru the suggestion switched midi setting to auto demix etc...
    Doesn't respond if i go to another channel on my hardware and select the new instrument to the same channel in logic it still only allows playback from one channel at a time?? Huh is my theory even possible folks!?? I would think it is.
    Im trying to comprehend the instructions in the manual for the environment setup, to see if i need to make any changes their. I thrown in a channel splitter, a seq input, a transformer but i have no idea if im doing it right?? I must be slow cos to me that enviroment chapter reads like riddles! (LAYMAN TERMS SOMEONE PLEASE!!)
    If anyone can assist in this id appreciate it. Any and all suggestions are welcome.
    Good lookin out
    peace
    D.

    Greetings people,
    The latest.............okay where do i start. Well i actually followed everybody suggestion on this thread and actually as a result now understand the enviroment a little better. But i have still been unable to get my multi playback channels. I managed to get access to all 16 channels etc.
    Right now i have my physical input going thru the monitor to the channel splitter, each channel is cabled to my audio instrument(which im assuming is the multi inst i created as to represent the mpc) channels are set to all and then i have the out of my audio instrument going to the seq input. I hear my sounds and have actually triggered the internal sounds from the mpc pads no problem (did that b4 i posted)
    but now say i select midi channel 1 on my mpc, which in turn is instrument 1, double click it to get the audio window select ultrabeat, go back to the mpc and program some drums using ultrabeats sounds. Now remember all im doing is recording midi signals into my mpc which is triggering logics sounds right. okay so now, im saying i want to go to the next channel/audio instrument/ and now use sculpture and put a nice fat bass on it. so i select the patch i want hit play on my mpc hoping that it plays back the drums, but NO! now i have selected a new track it pulls over the programming i did for ultrabeat into the sculpture patch.....follow me??
    I tested logic to just record one at a time in the arrange, and it does but it records real erratic. btw my mpc is strung up thru my midisport usb which i did select in the enviroment window..check!
    I tried Mac's method of dragging the audio instrument into the arrange and selecting the track with a corresponding sub channel etc but got allot of midi feedback!!??? I know that going to settings - record-auto demix etc is supposed to do the trick, well it aint for me?? Please what am i doing wrong??
    Ultimately i want to be able to program my mpc using logics sounds via the midi channels simultaneously, and then dump it all down into logic once i am happy with the outcome. Am i asking too much for logic to be a sound source and recorder at the same time??
    I dont mean to sound naive or ignorant but i have just started using software for the first time. i use to go the hardware route using digital recorders allday but it was a simpler routing method since my sound sources were seperate(keyboards, sound modules etc). obviously now im tryint to intergrate my old style with the new, but im getting very fustrated and creativley lathalgic from this setback. Many have suggested tossing the mpc and using logic for drums, but sorry i just cant do it i love that boom bap to much.
    Anway sorry for the rambling its late and ive just spent the last 5 hours beating my head upside the g5. If anyone out their hasd a similar setup to me whether successful or not, get at me lets trade off techniques and ideas.
    Thanks again for taking the time to read the thread and offering your help, please keep it coming.
    peace
    D.

  • Bootcamp 3.1 & Windows 7 x64 - no external sound input, low speakers level

    Hi all,
    I just installed long awaited Bootcamp 3.1 update. I am rather disappointed.
    The only thing that has changed is that the red light on the audio output is off. This thing actually bothered me the least.
    External sound input line does not seem to work at all. No matter if mike or standard line device is connected. System recognizes that something is connected but there is no sound coming, level indicator does not rise.
    Speakers level is still low. As far as I know all it takes to fix it is to alter some settings in the *.ini file. Someone did it and posted for other to download but why it is sho hard for Cirrus and Apple? What is the matter?
    Is there any way to get sound output via Mini Port under Windows 7?
    System does not even see such device.
    Thanks,
    Thomas

    What about the iMac though? 2008 Model w/ Realtek to be specific. The audio is low and poor and I haven't even tried the audio out. I'm running Win7 x64 and everything works well aside from my audio and my external WD Studio FW800 drive disconnecting randomly with repeated directory changes. I can avoid that on my system... but the audio is a real disappointment. Makes me feel like I need an external FW sound card.

  • 5.1 or 7.1 external sound card

    I have a new iMac but it only has a 2.1 optical audio output on the back. I'd like to connect a 5.1 DD external sound card USB 2.0 (maybe even up to 7.1 Dolby Digital) to it to connect to my DD receiver. However, I am also using Windows Vista Ultimate through Boot Camp separately and may add VMWare Fusion later on to run both OSX and Vista side by side so I'd want to have both of them compatible and even before that. I've been looking for cards but haven't found any that are supported by both Apple AND PC. Either that or they are all internal PC cards. Does anyone know of any external cards that are supported by both?

    Tiery wrote:
    My iMac has a combination 1/8" optical/analog output jack on the back of it that
    you can use for either connection but I've never heard of such a "combo" jack.
    There are two "standard" optical-digital-audio connectors. The original "square"
    one is still used in most larger audio/video components. The newer/smaller one,
    used mainly in portable gear, is exactly the same size as a mini headphone plug.
    The iMac's 'combo' jacks support either analog or digital-optical connections --
    depending on which type of plug is inserted.
    Radio Shack carries adaptors/cables of both types (usually at outrageously high
    prices). For online vendors, try http://monoprice.com Great prices and a good
    reputation for quality/service among the HDTV-fanatics on avsforum.com.
    Here are just two examples; browse monoprice.com for many more:
    [optical mini-plug to toslink adaptor|http://www.monoprice.com/products/product.asp?cid=104&cp_id=10423&cs_id=1042301&pid=2671&seq=1&format=2]
    [optical mini-plug to toslink cable|http://www.monoprice.com/products/product.asp?cid=102&cp_id=10229&cs_id=1022902&pid=1557&seq=1&format=2]
    I thought the only way I could get DD 5.1 out is through a USB adaptor.
    That should work, too -- but I don't believe it's necessary.
    Looby

  • Issues with External Sound Devices & others - 13" Late 2011

    Good day community,
    Out of curiosity, I run Diablo 3 on OS X and its been unplayable since ROS expansion, massive fps drops and crashes, Blizzard claims Apple stopped improving hd3000 drivers on 10.8.3, is this true? Also when I run the game through windows via bootcamp it performs better and doesn't not crash, is this related to hd3000 driver support still being improved in windows?
    Other issues I'm experiencing, facetime most of the time fails if I try to pickup a call from the macbook, sometimes it notifies me of the incoming call (iphone 5s) sometimes it doesn't. Bluetooth doesn't work, not even with apple devices, I can't pair any of them. External sound devices such as m-audio fast track pro, native instruments audio 8 dj, allen & heath xone 4d, they all have latency issues and sound clips and pops, even with the onboard sound I experience this if I open a couple graphic editing software while playing itunes. Checked sample rate in audio/midi setup, drivers, firmware, everything seems up to date, I'm not using a USB hub, I updated to Yosemite from Mavericks, which was a terrible upgrade from Mountain Lion and it completely lagged the computer, so when I upgraded to Yosemite I ran disk utility from boot and apparently repaired the hard drive successfully. Performance is better but none of the above issues were solved.
    So I'm thinking about formatting from scratch but wanted to drop a line here and see if others have any of these issues and/or some tips.
    Thank you for your time.
    OS X 10.10.1
    hd3000 (512mb)
    8gb ram
    i5

    Hi Lyndon4321,
    I know that can be frustrating when using an external display, but take a look at the article below to continue troubleshooting. I would take a look at Reset the system and work you way down. 
    Apple computers: Troubleshooting issues with video on internal or external displays
    https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201177
    Take it easy,
    -Norm G.  

  • How to reload sound modules?

    I'm using alsa + pulse sound system. I also have Openbox as a stand-alone WM and lightDM,  but the same thing occurs on my debian testing + gnome. I've been trying to solve this issue for several days but with no success.
    Below is the output from alsa-info.sh script
    http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=9f32f … f7cdddcc40
    Installed packages:
    morfik:~$ pacman -Qs alsa
    local/alsa-lib 1.0.27-1
    An alternative implementation of Linux sound support
    local/alsa-plugins 1.0.27-1
    Extra alsa plugins
    local/alsa-utils 1.0.27-4
    An alternative implementation of Linux sound support
    local/pulseaudio-alsa 2-2
    ALSA Configuration for PulseAudio
    morfik:~$ pacman -Qs pulse
    local/libao 1.1.0-3
    Cross-platform audio output library and plugins
    local/libcanberra-pulse 0.30-3
    PulseAudio plugin for libcanberra
    local/libpulse 3.0-3
    A featureful, general-purpose sound server (client library)
    local/paprefs 0.9.10-2
    A simple GTK-based configuration dialog for PulseAudio
    local/pavucontrol 2.0-1
    A GTK volume control tool for PulseAudio
    local/pulseaudio 3.0-3
    A featureful, general-purpose sound server
    local/pulseaudio-alsa 2-2
    ALSA Configuration for PulseAudio
    Everything works fine until hibernation. After my system goes up, one speeker (of 4) is missing, I mean that 3 others play sound well, but the rear-left is silent. I don't know what is wrong, but on debian I can deal with it by reloading sound modules:
    $ pulseaudio -k
    # alsa force-reload
    $ pulseaudio -D
    But unfortunately there is no such a thing like "alsa" in Arch. When I type alsa force-reload on my debian, I get this:
    root:/# alsa force-reload
    Unloading ALSA sound driver modules: snd-ca0106 snd-seq-midi snd-seq-midi-event snd-rawmidi snd-ac97-codec snd-pcm snd-page-alloc snd-seq snd-seq-device snd-timer.
    Loading ALSA sound driver modules: snd-ca0106 snd-seq-midi snd-seq-midi-event snd-rawmidi snd-ac97-codec snd-pcm snd-page-alloc snd-seq snd-seq-device snd-timer.
    I tried to change a little pulse settings in /etc/pusle/daemon.conf but this does nothing. Now the file looks like this:
    daemonize = yes
    allow-exit = yes
    use-pid-file = yes
    exit-idle-time=0
    resample-method=speex-float-0
    default-sample-rate = 44100
    alternate-sample-rate = 48000
    default-sample-channels = 4
    default-channel-map = front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right
    I can't use hibernation because after my system comes to life, I have to reboot it in order to make sound work properly.
    I don't know what info I should provide, so if you want to know something more about configuration of my pc, feel free and ask, I'll post the info as soon as possible.

    Raynman -- thanks for the hint. I looked for the alsa script on debian, and it exists, so I moved it to arch.
    This is the script:
    #!/bin/sh
    # alsa-base control script
    # Description: Used to load and unload ALSA modules and
    # restore and store mixer levels. There is no
    # longer any need to run this script on bootup
    # or shutdown. It is now moved to /usr/sbin.
    set -e
    # Exit if alsa-base package is not installed
    [ -f /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf ] || exit 0
    MYNAME=/usr/sbin/alsa
    PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    # Default values of variables in /etc/default/alsa
    force_unload_modules_before_suspend=""
    [ -f /etc/default/alsa ] && . /etc/default/alsa
    # $* MESSAGE
    warn() { echo "${MYNAME}: Warning: $* " >&2 ; }
    # Attempt to create /var/run/alsa if it is absent.
    # Return true if /var/run/alsa exists after this attempt,
    # otherwise false.
    check_run_dir()
    [ -d /var/run/alsa ] && return 0
    # We have no business creating /var/run if it doesn't exist
    if ! [ -d /var/run ] ; then
    warn "Could not create /var/run/alsa/ because /var/run/ is not present."
    return 1
    fi
    if ! mkdir --mode=755 /var/run/alsa ; then
    warn "Failed to create /var/run/alsa/."
    return 1
    fi
    [ -d /var/run/alsa ] && return 0
    return 1
    echo_procs_using_sound()
    for i in /proc/[0-9]*/fd/* ; do
    var="$(readlink $i)"
    if test x"$var" != x"${var#/dev/snd/pcm}" ; then
    IFS=/; set -- $i; unset IFS; echo $3
    fi
    done
    # $* [PID]...
    echo_with_command_names()
    [ "$1" ] || return 0
    echo $( \
    ps --no-headers -o "%p %c" "$@" \
    | sed -e 's/\([0-9][0-9]*\) \(.*\)/\1(\2)/' \
    kill_procs_using_sound()
    procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
    if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
    echo -n "Terminating processes:"
    for attempt in 1 2 3 4 ; do
    echo -n " ${procs_using_sound}"
    kill $procs_using_sound || :
    sleep 1
    procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
    [ "$procs_using_sound" ] || break
    done
    # Either no more procs using sound or attempts ran out
    if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
    echo -n " (with SIGKILL:) ${procs_using_sound}"
    kill -9 $procs_using_sound || :
    sleep 1
    fi
    procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
    if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
    echo " (failed: processes still using sound devices: $(echo_with_command_names $procs_using_sound))."
    return 1
    fi
    echo "."
    fi
    return 0
    # $* MODULE-NAME [MODULE-NAME]... | "all"
    unload_modules()
    procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
    if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
    warn "Processes using sound devices: $(echo_with_command_names $procs_using_sound)."
    fi
    if check_run_dir ; then
    :> /var/run/alsa/modules-removed
    else
    warn "Not keeping list of removed modules because /var/run/alsa is absent.
    It will not be possible automatically to reload these modules."
    fi
    echo -n "Unloading ALSA sound driver modules:"
    [ -d /proc/asound ] || { echo " (none loaded)." ; return 0 ; }
    echo_snd_modules_loaded()
    lsmod \
    | sed -n -e 's/^\(snd[-_][^[:space:]]*\)[[:space:]].*/\1/p' \
    | sed -e 's/_/-/g'
    for FSMBS in $* ; do
    MODULES_TO_REMOVE=""
    SND_MODULES_LOADED="$(echo_snd_modules_loaded)"
    case "$FSMBS" in
    all)
    MODULES_TO_REMOVE="$SND_MODULES_LOADED"
    snd_*|snd-*)
    FSMBS="$(echo "$FSMBS" | sed -e 's/_/-/g')"
    for M in $SND_MODULES_LOADED ; do
    if [ "$FSMBS" = "$M" ] ; then
    MODULES_TO_REMOVE="$FSMBS"
    break
    fi
    done
    esac
    [ "$MODULES_TO_REMOVE" ] || continue
    if [ -d /var/run/alsa ] ; then
    echo "$MODULES_TO_REMOVE" >> /var/run/alsa/modules-removed
    fi
    for M in $MODULES_TO_REMOVE ; do
    echo -n " ${M}"
    modprobe -r "$M" >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
    done
    done
    if [ -f /var/run/alsa/modules-removed ] ; then
    MODULES_STILL_LOADED="$(echo_snd_modules_loaded | grep -F -f /var/run/alsa/modules-removed)"
    MODULES_STILL_LOADED="$(echo $MODULES_STILL_LOADED)"
    else
    MODULES_STILL_LOADED=""
    fi
    if [ "$MODULES_STILL_LOADED" ] ; then
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    else
    echo "."
    return 0
    fi
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    kill_procs_using_sound || :
    unload_modules "$@" || return 1
    return 0
    load_unloaded_modules()
    LUM_RETURNSTATUS=0
    MODULES_TO_LOAD=""
    [ -d /var/run/alsa ] || warn "Directory /var/run/alsa is absent."
    echo -n "Loading ALSA sound driver modules:"
    [ -f /var/run/alsa/modules-removed ] && MODULES_TO_LOAD="$(echo $(cat /var/run/alsa/modules-removed))"
    [ "$MODULES_TO_LOAD" ] || { echo " (none to reload)." ; return $LUM_RETURNSTATUS ; }
    echo -n " $MODULES_TO_LOAD"
    for MDL in $MODULES_TO_LOAD ; do
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    case "$LUM_RETURNSTATUS" in
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    *) echo " (failed)." ;;
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    return $LUM_RETURNSTATUS
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    reload)
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    unload_modules all || EXITSTATUS=1
    load_unloaded_modules || EXITSTATUS=1
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    force-unload)
    force_unload_modules all || exit $?
    force-reload)
    EXITSTATUS=0
    force_unload_modules all || EXITSTATUS=1
    load_unloaded_modules || EXITSTATUS=1
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    suspend)
    case "$force_unload_modules_before_suspend" in
    ""|false) : ;;
    all|true) force_unload_modules all || exit $? ;;
    *) force_unload_modules $force_unload_modules_before_suspend || exit $? ;;
    esac
    resume)
    case "$force_unload_modules_before_suspend" in
    ""|false) : ;;
    *) load_unloaded_modules || exit $? ;;
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    echo "Usage: $MYNAME {unload|reload|force-unload|force-reload|suspend|resume}" >&2
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