FAQ: What computer and components should I buy for Premiere Pro or After Effects?

See this page for the official minimum system requirements for Premiere Pro.
See this page for the official minimum system requirements for After Effects.
Note that the minimum system requirements are just that: a minimum to run the software. You will need components that exceed the minimum system requirements to achieve satisfactory performance in many cases.
These resources are also excellent starting points for informing such decisions:
"Hardware performance white paper: tips to configure or upgrade a workstation for video software"
What PC to build? An update... (Premiere Pro Hardware forum thread hosted by Harm Millaard)
What PC to build? (Premiere Pro Hardware forum thread hosted by Harm Millaard)
After Effects CUDA benchmark testing results (from Danny Princz)
After Effects CUDA benchmark testing results (from Teddy Gage)
Premiere Pro Benchmark test and performance reference materials
Resources for choosing a graphics card for Premiere Pro
Specific to the questions of certain kinds of components:
hard disks: Optimizing Hard Disks
CUDA/OpenCL cards for Premiere Pro: CUDA, OpenCL, Mercury Playback Engine, and what it all means
OpenGL in After Effects CS5.5 and earlier: GPU: OpenGL
CUDA and OpenGL in After Effects CS6 and later: GPU (CUDA, OpenGL) features in After Effects CS6 and later
Also see these resources:
optimizing for performance: Adobe Premiere Pro and After Effects

As David and Hal said
One thing to consider is that you may also want SATA capability (which you can do with G5 towers easily, the dual cores have cards available or will shortly) and also shortly (fingers cross) for the MacBooks (there are cards for PowerBooks.)
The only possible fly in the ointment is if you are going to hold onto these computers for awhile, with the Intel Chips the non-Intels will eventually have less support and software. Though for the short term (particularly if you are relying on non-Intel native apps and need peak performance) the Quad G5s are great.

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