Few Que

Hi
Pls suggest me on following Question if you can
When using a count(distinct) is it better to use a self-join or temp table to find redundant data, and provide an example?
How PL SQL is different from T-SQL
What will be the impact of replacing an API call with a stored PL/SQL call?
Compare EXISTS and IN Usage with advantages and disadvantages.
What is the difference between right join and right outer join..
Write sample code that can create a hierachical set of data without using a start with and connect by clause in PL/SQL

1. Yes
2. T is replaced by a PL
3. Pretty hard to say.
4. OK
5. Outer
6. Done.
Now you too can play along, by actually reading some documentation form http://tahiti.oracle.com

Similar Messages

Few basic ques on Web Dynpro

Hi All,
I have few ques on Web Dynpro basics.
1. Why is Web Dynpro said to have language-neutral metamodel.
2. What is meta-model.
3. What is declarative programming approach.
4. Why is a dictionary used. The simple type and a structure can also be declared in a Controller. Is it just a Global Declaration.
5. Where does the code of dictionary reside.
Shall be grateful for the answers.
Regards
Nikhil Bansal

Hi Nikhil
Here is the answers for your questions.
1.Why is Web Dynpro said to have language-neutral metamodel
A.the user interfaces developed in webdynpro is platform independent because of meta model/data generated by webdynpro framework is independent of all languages.This metamodel you can transfer to any system so that the application is executed in that system.So generated meta data is independent.
2.What is meta-model.
Metamodel is data about the application.Webdynpro framework have seperate tools to generate this metadata in xml files.These files contains all information about your application.Views,components,actions every thing.
Metadata/model means data about the data in general
3.What is declarative programming approach
Declarative approach is the one with out coding most of the things required to implement User interfaces (design,appearence,data) are specifying at design time by choosing right properties.So this eliminates most of the coding.So this is the declarative model.
4.Dictionary
This is again having two types like simple and structure,Here basically we store the data in dictionary datatype or populate the data in this type in runtime.Usually this datatypes are used to display the data in dropdown box or to display large data.
5>Where does the code of dictionary reside
The Dictionart classes are generated by the frame work for simple type,For complex type the data you are populating in view controlleres depending upon the conditions
For clear classification
www.help.sap.com
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/webcontent/uuid/28113de9-0601-0010-71a3-c87806865f26?rid=/webcontent/uuid/8921447c-0501-0010-07b4-83bd39ffc7be [original link is broken]
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/developerareas/webdynpro
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/webcontent/uuid/28113de9-0601-0010-71a3-c87806865f26?rid=/library/uuid/49f2ea90-0201-0010-ce8e-de18b94aee2d [original link is broken]
Web DynPro Help
Reading Material on Web Dynpro
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/5c/1b76bc3da0504e8b535cf3e154eaa7/content.htm
/thread/396968 [original link is broken]
regards
kalyan

Ques on Single use Badi

Hi Frds,
I search a lot but could not found much except defination of Singel Use Badi.
Few Ques i have, Please share you though.
Example : Calculating Net value in Badi.
1) After the single use BAdi called, can we change this value at run rime.
2) Name few single use BAdi in SAP CRM.
3) Some of the example/requirement where single use Badi used.
Thanks
Imran

Hi Deva,
It is up to functional requirements. In multiple use BADI you can implement a BADI many times depending on filter value. Think the scenario you are workin in an international company and there is a requirement to calculate tax for each country and there is a BADI. If country key is defined as filter value you can implement same BADI for each different country and differemt implementation will run in all different countries.
But as you can see it is not always necessary. Functionally you may not need to implement your BADI more than one times. It can be enough to use only one implementation.
Regards,

ALE/EDI

Hi Guru's
i ahve few ques regarding ale / edi
1 can we use edi to pass idoc from r3 to r3?
2 if yes then what port is used for that?
3 concept of flat file in ale edi?
4 diff b/w ale edi, plzz dont copy paste or provide links
5 when logical sys comes into picture
6 in trfc port definition, we use rfc dest, but in file port
we use some dir, plzz explain
7 in partner profile , we give LS(trans SALE) name for partner type LS but for other for eg vendor, we give some other name
what is that and how's that name created?
Regards
Manu

http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCSRVEDI/CAEDI.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCMIDALEIO/BCMIDALEIO.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCMIDALEPRO/BCMIDALEPRO.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/CABFAALEQS/CABFAALEQS.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/CABFAALEHR/CABFAALEHR_ALE_QS.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/ECPCA/ECPCA_ALE_154.pdf
I hope it helps.
Best Regards,
Vibha
Please mark all the helpful answers

Weblogic Admin queries

Hi,
I am new to Weblogic Administration,have few ques
1,How to do health checkup and the factors to be considered
2,what are daily activities of weblogic admin
3,what will cause for application to have low memory.
Thanks in advance
Adi

1)
The heath of running servers is shown in the admin console (the window in the bottom left corner)
2)
Not much, only when the trouble starts you have to wake up.
WebLogic does a lot of the tuning, such as threading, by itself.
The admin console offers a lot monitoring capabilities (every resource has its own monitoring tab providing the information you need)
The weblogic scripting tool offers you the possibility to write scripts for the resources you want to monitor.
3)
A poorly tuned JVM. Giving the JVM a too low heap space will cause your environment to have low memory.
For more information you can look at: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14571_01/wls.htm

3850 QoS question

Hello,
I am trying to upgrade from 3750 to 3850. Following is my outbound WTD qos config on 3750:
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 1 threshold 3 5
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 1 2 4
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 2 3
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 3 6 7
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 3 threshold 3 0
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 4 threshold 3 1
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 46
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 1 16 18 20 22 32 34 36 38
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 2 24 26 28 30
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 48 56
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 3 threshold 3 0
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 1 8
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 3 4 10 12 14
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 2 70 80 100 100
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 4 40 100 100 100
What will be the equivalent config for the 3850? I am not able to find the right documentation for 3850.
Following is what I created but I believe it wouldnt handle WTD.
class-map match-any EF
match dscp ef
class-map match-any CS3AF41
match dscp cs3 af41
class-map match-any AF21
match dscp af21
class-map match-any AF11
match dscp af11
class-map match-any Default
match dscp default
policy-map QOS-OUTBOUND
class EF
   priority level 1
class CS3AF41
   priority level 2
class AF21
   bandwidth remaining percent 20
   shape average percent 100
class AF11
   bandwidth remaining percent 20
   shape average percent 100
class Default
   bandwidth remaining percent 60
   shape average percent 100
Also, when I try to apply this to an interface, it accepts it but its not visible under show runn. Am I missing anything?
I would appreciate any help with this.
Thank you.

Hi,
3850 is not supporting MLS QoS (so any QoS commands start with mls keyword is not applicable in this switch platform- even thoug they are accepted).
It is a MQC QoS based switch platform (like 6500,4500). There are few Queing models (1P7Q3T, 2P6Q3T for wired & 2P2Q for wireless) supported in this platform. Please refer below post for more detail
http://mrncciew.com/2013/12/23/3850-qos-part-2-queuing-models/
Based on this you need to derive your config changes. As you can see in the above "queue limit x " is the command used to configure WTD for non-priority queues (ie Q2 to Q6)
Regarding running config, you can use "show running-config all" command to see all the configuration lines of your switch including default configs
HTH
Rasika
***Pls rate all useful responses ****

Setting Up Wireless Home Network

We are building an g+4 story apartment for residential purpose. I wanna setup an wireless network for internet, file sharing, multiplayer games n for other purpose. I have few que regarding it. 1. Is it possible to set up an wireless network for g+4 story building? What is the coverage of an wireless router or something like that? 2. What would be approx. cost for building tis wireless network? 3. Which 1 wud be best, Wired r wireless? 4. Which router 2 go for? 4. Is it possible to connect TV with computer with this wireless network? or is there a wifi featured TV? Thanks in advance

The signal from wireless access points can cover 2 floors, maybe 3, depending on the material of the building. But if I had that setup, I'd have a wireless router on the floor where the modem is and an access point per floor and user an N one where the gaming devices are located. I prefer a wired connection for the access points but wireless in repeater mode is ok too.
The box said windows xp or better... So I installed Linux!

I can't upload files created in Microsoft publisher, but I could a few days ago. Why?

I am using the PDF online converter and had no problems with it only a few days ago, but now I get an e-mail sent to me with an error message that says the following:
"While processing your job 491DC3BA-6868-08A14D (C:\Users\Public\Advertising documents (pub and pdf's)\Langley advance Ads 2008\ad for surry paper november 2008 color.pub), the converter encountered the following error situation:
Document processing discontinued : Publisher application failed to open the document and exited
Please try to resubmit your job if indicated in the above message.
We apologize for the inconvenience.
The Create Adobe PDF Online Team"
I use this service quite alot and don't have any other way of converting a file to PDF. I have tried in thepast to download an extension that would allow me to do it without the online converter, but it is'nt supported in Vista.
Help!
Mina Lee Thomas

Hi Mina Lee Thomas
The Online PDF Converter is a busy line, which often has a long waiting que. Error can happen in a busy line.
I suggest you use following Freeware PDF Converters.
1] Cute PDF Writer 2.6 that comes along with ghostscript Converter.
This is fast, requring no adjustments and converts many pages text
files, PPT flles easily without any errors. It is user friendly.
2] PDF Tools.
This has multifunctions.Encrypt, Decrypt, Merge, Split, Reaarange
PDF files, Create PDF, Stamp utilities. This is also very useful
freeware.
Please download these two Freeware from website. you do not have to depend on external sources.
Regards and best wishes
Dinkar
Freelance Service Provider
[email protected]

Have Operating System 10.6.8, Mail Program 4.6. How can I prevent the next email in the que from automatically opening after I act on the previous email ? It creates big organizational problems for me. My computer changes this mode from self opening to m

Have Operating System 10.6.8, Mail Program 4.6.
How can I prevent the next email in the que from automatically opening after I act on the previous email ? It creates big organizational problems for me. My computer changes this mode from self opening to manually opening every few month with no ? action from me.
Help

Have Operating System 10.6.8, Mail Program 4.6.
How can I prevent the next email in the que from automatically opening after I act on the previous email ? It creates big organizational problems for me. My computer changes this mode from self opening to manually opening every few month with no ? action from me.
Help

I downloaded Adobe immigration software for Aperture, opened Lightroom, but the Aperture library was grayed out so it couldn't be selected to import. How do I get it to work? I only have a few days left on the test version of Lightroom to see how it works

I downloaded Adobe immigration software for Aperture, opened Lightroom, but the Aperture library was grayed out so it couldn't be selected to import. How do I get it to work? I only have a few days left on the test version of Lightroom to see how it works with my Aperture library.

Gracias photo-enthusiast por tu respuesta pero hay docenas de de usuarios que tienen esta mismo problema, me da la sensación que nos tomas por gagas que no tenemos ni idea de lo que tenemos entre manos.
Me alegro enormemente que no hayas tenido tu este problema.

Import finished with few errors...Help understanding it!

Hi all,
Yesterday, I finished to do an import in oracle. I used the impdp command and got few errors after the import was done. Here are some bits from my log. It was very long but I shortened it with the most common errors. I would appreciate your help understanding what does each error mean, and whether there's a solution available.
Thanks!
El sql que falla es:
CREATE TABLESPACE "SYSAUX" DATAFILE SIZE 125829120 LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 16384 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE DEFAULT NOCOMPRESS SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto TABLESPACE con el error:
ORA-02236: nombre de archivo no válido
El sql que falla es:
CREATE TABLESPACE "IN_SGC_BD" DATAFILE '+DISKGROUP_BD/sgtc/datafile/rsgtc_in_sgt_bd1' SIZE 132120576 LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 16384 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE DEFAULT NOCOMPRESS SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION
ORA-31684: El tipo de objeto PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION ya existe
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/SEQUENCE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
ORA-39111: Se ha saltado el tipo de objeto dependiente OBJECT_GRANT:"SYSTEM", ya existe el tipo de objeto base SEQUENCE:"SYSTEM"."SDE_LOGFILE_LID_GEN"
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto SYNONYM con el error:
ORA-00995: falta el identificador de sinónimos o no es válido
BEGIN
dbms_resource_manager.create_consumer_group('AUTO_TASK_CONSUMER_GROUP','System maintenance task consumer group','ROUND-ROBIN');COMMIT; END;
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/SYSTEM_PROCOBJACT/POST_SYSTEM_ACTIONS/PROCACT_SYSTEM
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto PROCACT_SYSTEM con el error:
ORA-29393: el usuario JAIMESP no existe o no está conectado
El sql que falla es:
BEGIN
dbms_resource_manager.create_plan_directive('PLAN_DIA','SGTC_USR','',30,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,30,600,5,'SGTC_SWITCH',NULL,TRUE,NULL,10240,1800,900,1800);
dbms_resource_manager.create_plan_directive('PLAN_DIA','SGTC_EDITOR','',40,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,10,600,10,'SGTC_SWITCH',NULL,TRUE,NULL,512000,1800,600,3600);
dbms_r
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto PROCACT_SYSTEM con el error:
ORA-06550: línea 2, columna 72:
PLS-00103: Se ha encontrado el símbolo "CHECK" cuando se esperaba uno de los siguientes:
in like like2 like4 likec between member submultiset
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151: La tabla "OUTLN"."OL$" existe. Todos los metadados dependientes y los datos se saltarán debido table_exists_action de saltar
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . "SIGELEC"."SDE_BLK_37" 4.976 KB 0 filas importadas
. . "SIGELEC"."SDE_BLK_38" 4.968 KB 0 filas importadas
. . "SGC_BD"."BDE_CRECOBJE" 5.234 KB 0 filas importadas
. . "SIGELEC"."D418" 4.851 KB 0 filas importadas
. . "SYSTEM"."DBM_TOPSQL" 6.125 KB 0 filas importadas
. . "SIGELEC"."F100" 5.562 KB 0 filas importadas
. . "SIGELEC"."F101" 5.593 KB 0 filas importadas
. . "SIGELEC"."F102" 14.77 KB 11 filas importadas
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
ORA-39082: El tipo de objeto ALTER_PROCEDURE:"SYSTEM"."GEN_ROLE_SGTC" se ha creado con advertencias de compilación
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto PACKAGE_BODY con el error:
ORA-04052: se ha producido un error al consultar el objeto remoto ENLACE.ELPQ_DATOPROY@CRE
ORA-00604: se ha producido un error a nivel 4 de SQL recursivo
ORA-12154: TNS:no se ha podido resolver el identificador de conexión especificado
ORA-39082: El tipo de objeto TRIGGER:"SIGERED"."TR_CTRL_ENERGIZA" se ha creado con advertencias de compilación
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto TRIGGER con el error:
ORA-04052: se ha producido un error al consultar el objeto remoto ENLACE.ELPQ_DATOCONS@CRE
ORA-00604: se ha producido un error a nivel 4 de SQL recursivo
ORA-12154: TNS:no se ha podido resolver el identificador de conexión especificado
El sql que falla es:
ALTER TRIGGER "SIGERED"."TR_CTRL_ENERGIZA" COMPILE PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL= 2 PLSQL_CODE_TYPE= INTERPRETED PLSCOPE_SETTINGS= 'IDENTIFIERS:NONE'
ORA-39082: El tipo de objeto TRIGGER:"SIGERED"."TR_CTRL_CONCLUYE" se ha creado con advertencias de compilación
El sql que falla es:
BEGIN SYS.DBMS_IJOB.SUBMIT( JOB=> 165, LUSER=> 'SYSTEM', PUSER=> 'SYSTEM', CUSER=> 'SYSTEM', NEXT_DATE=> TO_DATE('2012-05-02 01:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS'), INTERVAL=> 'TRUNC(SYSDATE+1)+1/24', BROKEN=> FALSE, WHAT=> 'dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname => ''SIGERED'',options => ''GATHER'',estimate_percent => null,method_opt => ''FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE 1'',cas
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto JOB con el error:
ORA-00001: restricción única (SYS.I_JOB_JOB) violada
El sql que falla es:
BEGIN SYS.DBMS_IJOB.SUBMIT( JOB=> 47, LUSER=> 'SIGERED', PUSER=> 'SIGERED', CUSER=> 'SIGERED', NEXT_DATE=> TO_DATE('2012-05-02 01:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS'), INTERVAL=> 'TRUNC(SYSDATE+1)+01/24', BROKEN=> FALSE, WHAT=> 'SIGERED.RDPQ_PROYECTOS.PR_PROCESAR;', NLSENV=> 'NLS_LANGUAGE=''AMERICAN'' NLS_TERRITORY=''AMERICA'' NLS_CURRENCY=''$'' NLS_ISO_CURRENCY=''AMERI
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/POST_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Procesando el tipo de objeto DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PASSWORD_HISTORY
ORA-39083: Fallo de creación del tipo de objeto PASSWORD_HISTORY con el error:
ORA-01858: se ha encontrado un carácter no numérico donde se esperaba uno numérico
El trabajo "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" ha terminado con 2249 error(es) en 17:21:02

Hello people,
I just run for the second time a full import, and it said it finished correctly.
The first time I run it, there was a message which said that the import had finished with 2249 errors (I checked my log and not all of them were errors but messages). I checked each single message and only had to solve a couple of things.
I first created a user in response to an ora-29393: user string does not exist or is not logged on.
The second thing I did was to run the utlrp.sql file in response to an ORA-39082. I did this according to this blog.
I know oracle is taking precedence each time I run an import. I don’t know if what I have done is okay or perhaps not all data was imported after all. This is the thread which I posted initially when errors came out.
Any reply is a supply.
Thanks loads

CIF Ques Stuck in READY State on R3 Inbound for no Reason

Hi,
Question pertains to CIF Processing and Ques waiting in READY State from R3 to SCM-APO for no Apparent Reason.
Our Orders (PRs, STOs) generated via APO are being sent to R3 correctly, getting generated in R/3 but not coming back with the PR/STO Number back to APO. Stuck in R3 inbound.
I've read a couple of articles on SDN on this.
Apart from the Standard CIF Configuration, and Settings in SMQR and SMQS (Qin & Qout Scheduler) for retrying Stuck Ques to be processed, is there anything else that can be looked at ? Any Consulting Notes on this Topic ?
SCM-APO version 4.0 on latest Support Pack.
R3 4.6c and Plugin compatible. Not on most latest SP.
Thanks,
Ambrish Mathur

Hai,
Yes our Problem is resolved now. The Solution was Technical in Nature and not functional (as you can logically expect).
Assuming your Basis Team has properly setup the QIN and QOUT Scheduler on BOTH sides (APO and R3) ...
Also in QIN and QOUT the Time to RETRY a Que is set to something low as every 5 minutes and retry 10 times.
(However this was not the main issue for us).
We found in our Case since the R3's Support Pack and Plug-In were not upgraded due to many depandancies to other Projects ... we found that the QRFC Versions on the R3 side were a few sub versions behind the APO QRFC Version since APO was on Latest Support Pack on SCM 4.
The BASIS Group downloaded and Installed the Latest QRFC version and the Problem was subsequently resolved.
QRFC Version can be found in Transaction SMQ1 / SMQ2 -> Menu Path Information -> Version.
We are now at QRFC ver. 6.30.060, Supplement # 11.
Hope you find this usefull and it resolves your issue. Do revert back if it does.
Regards,
Ambrish Mathur

REG:REAL TIME QUE

REAL TIME QUE
You are running a report. It is taking long time for
execution. What steps will you do to reduce the
execution time.
After running a BDC program in background, next
day morning when you see the results, few records
are not updated(error records). What will you do
then?
You are given functional specs for a BDC program
and you need to decide whether to write a method
call transaction or a session. How u will decide?
THANK YOU
ASHOK KUMAR

Hi,
For the first question, the solution can be as below with an example....
You can see a report performance in SE30(Runtime analysis)and
SQLtrace(ST05).
ST05 tells you the list of selected statements.
You should remember some points when you tuning the code
- Use the GET RUN TIME command to help evaluate performance. It's
hard to know whether that optimization technique REALLY helps unless you
test it out. Using this tool can help you know what is effective, under what
kinds of conditions. The GET RUN TIME has problems under multiple CPUs, so
you should use it to test small pieces of your program, rather than the
whole program.
- *Generally, try to reduce I/O first, then memory, then CPU activity.
*I/O operations that read/write to hard disk are always the most
expensive operations. Memory, if not controlled, may have to be written to
swap space on the hard disk, which therefore increases your I/O read/writes
to disk. CPU activity can be reduced by careful program design, and by using
commands such as SUM (SQL) and COLLECT (ABAP/4).
- Avoid 'SELECT *', especially in tables that have a lot of fields.
Use SELECT A B C INTO instead, so that fields are only read if they are
used. This can make a very big difference.
- Field-groups can be useful for multi-level sorting and displaying.
However, they write their data to the system's paging space, rather than to
memory (internal tables use memory). For this reason, field-groups are only
appropriate for processing large lists (e.g. over 50,000 records). If
you have large lists, you should work with the systems administrator to
decide the maximum amount of RAM your program should use, and from that,
calculate how much space your lists will use. Then you can decide whether to
write the data to memory or swap space.
- Use as many table keys as possible in the WHERE part of your select
statements.
- Whenever possible, design the program to access a relatively
constant number of records (for instance, if you only access the
transactions for one month, then there probably will be a reasonable range,
like 1200-1800, for the number of transactions inputted within that month).
Then use a SELECT A B C INTO TABLE ITAB statement.
- Get a good idea of how many records you will be accessing. Log into
your productive system, and use SE80 -> Dictionary Objects (press Edit),
enter the table name you want to see, and press Display. Go To Utilities ->
Table Contents to query the table contents and see the number of records.
This is extremely useful in optimizing a program's memory allocation.
- Try to make the user interface such that the program gradually
unfolds more information to the user, rather than giving a huge list of
information all at once to the user.
- Declare your internal tables using OCCURS NUM_RECS, where NUM_RECS
is the number of records you expect to be accessing. If the number of
records exceeds NUM_RECS, the data will be kept in swap space (not memory).
- Use SELECT A B C INTO TABLE ITAB whenever possible. This will read
all of the records into the itab in one operation, rather than repeated
operations that result from a SELECT A B C INTO ITAB... ENDSELECT statement.
Make sure that ITAB is declared with OCCURS NUM_RECS, where NUM_RECS is the
number of records you expect to access.
- If the number of records you are reading is constantly growing, you
may be able to break it into chunks of relatively constant size. For
instance, if you have to read all records from 1991 to present, you can
break it into quarters, and read all records one quarter at a time. This
will reduce I/O operations. Test extensively with GET RUN TIME when using
this method.
- Know how to use the 'collect' command. It can be very efficient.
- Use the SELECT SINGLE command whenever possible.
- Many tables contain totals fields (such as monthly expense totals).
Use these avoid wasting resources by calculating a total that has already
been calculated and stored.
Try to avoid joins more than 2 tables.
For all entries
The for all entries creates a where clause, where all the entries in the driver table are combined with OR. If the number of
entries in the driver table is larger than rsdb/max_blocking_factor, several similar SQL statements are executed to limit the
length of the WHERE clause.
The plus
Large amount of data
Mixing processing and reading of data
Fast internal reprocessing of data
Fast
The Minus
Difficult to program/understand
Memory could be critical (use FREE or PACKAGE size)
Some steps that might make FOR ALL ENTRIES more efficient:
Removing duplicates from the the driver table
Sorting the driver table
If possible, convert the data in the driver table to ranges so a BETWEEN statement is used instead of and OR statement:
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN i_tab
WHERE mykey >= i_tab-low and
mykey <= i_tab-high.
Nested selects
The plus:
Small amount of data
Mixing processing and reading of data
Easy to code - and understand
The minus:
Large amount of data
when mixed processing isnt needed
Performance killer no. 1
Select using JOINS
The plus
Very large amount of data
Similar to Nested selects - when the accesses are planned by the programmer
In some cases the fastest
Not so memory critical
The minus
Very difficult to program/understand
Mixing processing and reading of data not possible
Use the selection criteria
SELECT * FROM SBOOK.
CHECK: SBOOK-CARRID = 'LH' AND
SBOOK-CONNID = '0400'.
ENDSELECT.
SELECT * FROM SBOOK
WHERE CARRID = 'LH' AND
CONNID = '0400'.
ENDSELECT.
Use the aggregated functions
C4A = '000'.
SELECT * FROM T100
WHERE SPRSL = 'D' AND
ARBGB = '00'.
CHECK: T100-MSGNR > C4A.
C4A = T100-MSGNR.
ENDSELECT.
SELECT MAX( MSGNR ) FROM T100 INTO C4A
WHERE SPRSL = 'D' AND
ARBGB = '00'.
Select with view
SELECT * FROM DD01L
WHERE DOMNAME LIKE 'CHAR%'
AND AS4LOCAL = 'A'.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM DD01T
WHERE DOMNAME = DD01L-DOMNAME
AND AS4LOCAL = 'A'
AND AS4VERS = DD01L-AS4VERS
AND DDLANGUAGE = SY-LANGU.
ENDSELECT.
SELECT * FROM DD01V
WHERE DOMNAME LIKE 'CHAR%'
AND DDLANGUAGE = SY-LANGU.
ENDSELECT.
Select with index support
SELECT * FROM T100
WHERE ARBGB = '00'
AND MSGNR = '999'.
ENDSELECT.
SELECT * FROM T002.
SELECT * FROM T100
WHERE SPRSL = T002-SPRAS
AND ARBGB = '00'
AND MSGNR = '999'.
ENDSELECT.
ENDSELECT.
Select Into table
REFRESH X006.
SELECT * FROM T006 INTO X006.
APPEND X006.
ENDSELECT
SELECT * FROM T006 INTO TABLE X006.
Select with selection list
SELECT * FROM DD01L
WHERE DOMNAME LIKE 'CHAR%'
AND AS4LOCAL = 'A'.
ENDSELECT
SELECT DOMNAME FROM DD01L
INTO DD01L-DOMNAME
WHERE DOMNAME LIKE 'CHAR%'
AND AS4LOCAL = 'A'.
ENDSELECT
Key access to multiple lines
LOOP AT TAB.
CHECK TAB-K = KVAL.
ENDLOOP.
LOOP AT TAB WHERE K = KVAL.
ENDLOOP.
Copying internal tables
REFRESH TAB_DEST.
LOOP AT TAB_SRC INTO TAB_DEST.
APPEND TAB_DEST.
ENDLOOP.
TAB_DEST[] = TAB_SRC[].
Modifying a set of lines
LOOP AT TAB.
IF TAB-FLAG IS INITIAL.
TAB-FLAG = 'X'.
ENDIF.
MODIFY TAB.
ENDLOOP.
TAB-FLAG = 'X'.
MODIFY TAB TRANSPORTING FLAG
WHERE FLAG IS INITIAL.
Deleting a sequence of lines
DO 101 TIMES.
DELETE TAB_DEST INDEX 450.
ENDDO.
DELETE TAB_DEST FROM 450 TO 550.
Linear search vs. binary
READ TABLE TAB WITH KEY K = 'X'.
READ TABLE TAB WITH KEY K = 'X' BINARY SEARCH.
Comparison of internal tables
DESCRIBE TABLE: TAB1 LINES L1,
TAB2 LINES L2.
IF L1 <> L2.
TAB_DIFFERENT = 'X'.
ELSE.
TAB_DIFFERENT = SPACE.
LOOP AT TAB1.
READ TABLE TAB2 INDEX SY-TABIX.
IF TAB1 <> TAB2.
TAB_DIFFERENT = 'X'. EXIT.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.
IF TAB_DIFFERENT = SPACE.
ENDIF.
IF TAB1[] = TAB2[].
ENDIF.
Modify selected components
LOOP AT TAB.
TAB-DATE = SY-DATUM.
MODIFY TAB.
ENDLOOP.
WA-DATE = SY-DATUM.
LOOP AT TAB.
MODIFY TAB FROM WA TRANSPORTING DATE.
ENDLOOP.
Appending two internal tables
LOOP AT TAB_SRC.
APPEND TAB_SRC TO TAB_DEST.
ENDLOOP
APPEND LINES OF TAB_SRC TO TAB_DEST.
Deleting a set of lines
LOOP AT TAB_DEST WHERE K = KVAL.
DELETE TAB_DEST.
ENDLOOP
DELETE TAB_DEST WHERE K = KVAL.
Tools available in SAP to pin-point a performance problem
The runtime analysis (SE30)
SQL Trace (ST05)
Tips and Tricks tool
The performance database
Optimizing the load of the database
Using table buffering
Using buffered tables improves the performance considerably. Note that in some cases a stament can not be used with a buffered table, so when using these staments the buffer will be bypassed. These staments are:
Select DISTINCT
ORDER BY / GROUP BY / HAVING clause
Any WHERE clasuse that contains a subquery or IS NULL expression
JOIN s
A SELECT... FOR UPDATE
If you wnat to explicitly bypass the bufer, use the BYPASS BUFFER addition to the SELECT clause.
Use the ABAP SORT Clause Instead of ORDER BY
The ORDER BY clause is executed on the database server while the ABAP SORT statement is executed on the application server. The datbase server will usually be the bottleneck, so sometimes it is better to move thje sort from the datsbase server to the application server.
If you are not sorting by the primary key ( E.g. using the ORDER BY PRIMARY key statement) but are sorting by another key, it could be better to use the ABAP SORT stament to sort the data in an internal table. Note however that for very large result sets it might not be a feasible solution and you would want to let the datbase server sort it.
Avoid ther SELECT DISTINCT Statement
As with the ORDER BY clause it could be better to avoid using SELECT DISTINCT, if some of the fields are not part of an index. Instead use ABAP SORT + DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES on an internal table, to delete duplciate rows.
Reward points if useful...
Regards,
Sudha Mettu

When I try to print, The print que say's"host is busy" any help plz?

Hi, When I try to print from my Macbook Pro , through my Airport to the usb connected printer like I've been doing with my old Macbook for years. I get this message in the print que,,Network host" is busy; will try in 5 seconds, then 10 seconds, then 15 etc.etc. indefinitly. Also I'm wondering if this same problem is related to the fact that I can't connect to SYKPE? I do connect to the internet daily with this same machine through my Airport, although it does drop the connection pretty often. When that happens I go up stairs and unplug the Airport for a few seconds then let it reboot. Then it seems to work for 4 or 5 days???

try removing preferences for Numbers:
Numbers keeps crashing everytime when i start working on a worksheet

HI I am attending an interview in tcs in sap abap plz send me interivew que

Hi I am attending tcs interivew this week plz send me interivew questions wht they ask ,,,my id is [email protected] ,,,, than k u,,,

Hi,,
Please find a few collection of my interview ques..
Mark if useful..
1. How data is stored in cluster table?
Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries.
2. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap?
SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.
3. On which even we can validate the input fields in module progams?
In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)
4. In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically?
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.
CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material group for the plant.
5. How do you get output from IDOC?
Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments.
6. When top of the page event is triggered?
After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event.
7. Can we create field without data element and how?
In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type.
8. How do we debug sapscript?
Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode on.
9. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program.
TCode AL21.
10. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.
Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.
Following are some of the answers which I gave upto my knowledge.
1. What is the use of 'outerjoin'
Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the tables used in the view.
In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the view.
2. When to use logical database?
Ans. Advantage of Logical databases:
less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables.
Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.
3. What is the use of 'table index'?
Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.
4. What is the use of 'FOR ALL ENTRIES'?
Ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement.
If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used.
Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.
5. Can you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION?
Yes,Using No Screen Mode.
6. What are table buffers?
Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of buffered tables can thus be accessed
directly from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of accessing the database.
Buffering is useful if table needs to be accessed more no. of times in a program.
ABAP Technical Interview Questions:
1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?
2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups?
3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
4. What is a batch input session?
5. What is the alternative to batch input session?
6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it?
7. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?
8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing on line?
9. What do you define in the domain and data element?
10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
11. How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?
12. What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?
13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?
14. What are the domains and data elements?
15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?
17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?
19. What is open sql vs native sql?
20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?
21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?
22. What are the events in ABAP language?
23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports?
24. What is a drill down report?
25. How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.
26. What are the exceptions in function module?
27. What is a function group?
28. How are the date abd time field values stored in SAP?
29. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table?
30. Name a few data dictionary objects?
31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?
32. What is a check table and what is a value table?
33. What are match codes? Describe?
34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
35. What is table maintenance generator?
36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?
37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?
38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?
39. What are selection texts?
40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?
42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?
43. Are programs client dependent?
44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?
45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?
46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?
47. What are datasets?
48. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?
49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?
50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
2. Adapted from response by Maram Roja on Tuesday, June 15, 2004
1. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?
2. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
3. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?
4. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?
6. What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP query work in relation to these?
7. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?
8. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
9. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?
10. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?
11. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
12. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs?
13. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?
14. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that?
15. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
16. What is a currency factoring technique?
17. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?
18. What is SAPscript and layout set?
19. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?
20. What is output determination?
ABAP Interview Questions
1.Without using Tcode SE11, How can we enter the values in to the table???
2.What is the difference between Collect statement and Append Statement???
3.What do you mean by correction and Transportation system???
4.What is the difference between User Exits and BADI????
5.How can we identify User exits in our screen???
6.What do you mean by Inbound and Outbound interface???
7.In realtime do we configure ALE systems or Administator will take care of that??
8.How to release an object???
9.What is the flow of a Sales document???
10.What is the flow of Purchase order???
12.What is the flow of Invoice???
13.What are the standard IDOC's used???
14.What do you mean by table control???Where will we use this???
15.What are field symbols??Where will we use these symbols???
Deepti
1. There are other ways of entering data into a DB table. ex. B D C
2. Collect statement collect/adds the records basing on a key field. allows to create summarised data sets.
Append will append/add a record at the end of existing records
8. to release an object - use se10/se9
9. sales doc flow: S. A. - S. O. - Delivery - Billing
12. Delivery - invoice.
15. field symbols are used for dynamic allocation. at runtime u can assign a concrete field to field-symbol.
Kishore
1. you can go to abap editor (se38) and use insert statement for insertion update for update and modify for modifications.
2. collect will not allow duplicate entries, while append can allow duplicates.
3. if any changes are made to objects they are to be transported to different systems i.e, change and transport.
4. in user exits we go by general method for enhancements while BADIs we use objects (oops concepts)
methods for enhancement.
14. table controls are enhanced version for step loops where we can expand rows .main difference between these two
is step loop can be expanded to two lines table controls can`t.
15. field symbols are just like pointers concept which are used in C language. We use them when we want to refer to
the fields considered,it doesnt allocate any memory for it.
Venu Rapolu
1. Ans: Using BDC., LSMW,,ALE., BAPI
2. Ans: Collect: it adds the numeric fields to the existing non numeric key field records., thereby avoiding duplicate
values., and append will simply adds the record
3 . Ans: The CTS contains work bench organizer and transport system :
The workbench organizer is used to record and contol changes to the ABAP/4 development objects;
The transport system is used to move objects from an SAP dev.system to production system
6. Ans: Outbound interface is used to send IDocs to the ALE server.,
Inbound interface is used to Analyse the received Idoc.
7. Ans: We (ABAPers) don't do.
8. Ans: se09 or se10
13. Ans: MATMAS
CREMAS
DEBMAS
GLMAST etc...
14. Ans: to display records in table format., we use in Screens
15. Ans: we assign the field content at run time with ASSIGN stmt.
Satish D
1. goto se16 u can view the table contents
2. collect will collects all the numeric fields of nonnumeric field values
append will append record at the end of table
3. when we are creatiing new task like dev. a new prg.. after completion of dev. that will be trnsported to testing system or production system to do that we are assigning an
transport request from our dev.class(system) by using se09
4. badis are dev. by class and inheritence methods where as user exitsdev by SAP only and empty shells filled wit user logic
5. go to system then status
6. outbound generating an idoc in ale layer with master_idoc_create_messgetype,
inbound is receivng system with idoc_inbound_process, gives an return variable wether it is sucess or not
7. no we have to configur that
8. go to se09 or se01 there write your task no and use release button it will asks whats the other system name
and number enter them and relase by pressing jeep button
9. inquiry
quotation
sales order
shipping
delivery
invoice
return goods
12. after creation of delivry note invoice is prepared
13. master_idoc_distribute will generate standard idoc
Deepti
I am enclosing some of answers which I know.
1. We can use t.Code SE16 to enter values into table only if table maintainence is allowed for that table.
2. Append will add new entries into the table where as collect add into the numeric type fields if other charatcer fields
matches to your selection criteria.
3. CTS used for creation of ABAP development transport requests.The transaction code for this is SE10.
4. UserExits r used for adding additional functionality to the existing SAP standard transactions.Using UserExits we can add additional functionality standard SAP functionality without making any changes to the original code.BADI is a standardized interface for ABAP sources that enables partners and customers to enhance SAP-delivered programs in their namespace.
5 .We can identify User exits by using transactions CMOD and SMOD.
6. After entering transaction code SE10 select the transport request which u want to transport and click on transport icon(Truck symbol) to release it.
10. Purchase Requistion->RFQ->Vendor Evaluation->Purchase Order(ME21).
14. Table control is the only facility provide thru dialog programming when we come acrosse the use of updating standared,deletion,insertion and all database operations.
15. Field symbols r pointers to the existing data types(like 'C') which does not allocate any memory space. These are used faster access of data.
Answers to some ABAP Interview Questions:
Questions which I have faced in an interview:
1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?
2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done anything to improve the performance?
3) How to transfer the objects? Have to transferred any objects?
4) How did you test the developed objects?
5) What is the difference between SAP Memory and ABAP Memory?
6) In order to upload Purchase order details, how you handle multiple values for a single field?
Eg: Item field may contain no. of values for a record
7) What is the procedure you followed to upload the data?
8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction?
9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?
10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports?
11) How to pass the variables to forms?
12) How to create a link between modified form and modified print program?
13) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms?
14) How did you test the form u developed? How did you taken print?
15) What are Standard Texts?
16) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables?
17) What is pf-status?
18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one?
19) What are the output type and Tcodes?
20) Where we use Chain and Endchain?
21) Do you use select statement in loop endloop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance?
22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default?
Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004
Go thru these answers:
1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?
It's checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to se30.if you give desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how much past is your program.
2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done
3) How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects?
4) How did you test the developed objects?
I was testing a developed object. There are two types of testing
- Negative testing
- Positive testing
In negative testing we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs.
In positive testing we will give positive data in input for checking errors.
8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction?
We can create a internal table like 'bsgmcgcoll'. All the messages will go to internal table. We can get errors in this internal table.
Below messages are go to internal table. when you run the call transaction.
- Message type
- Message id
- Message Number
- Variable1
- Variable2
- Variable3
9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?
Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time...because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session. Process will not complete until session get correct.
10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports?
ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of information about individual items in a list.
Drill down report is nothing but interactive report...drilldown means above paragraph only.
11) How to pass the variables to forms?
12) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms?
Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary).
Which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? (I don't know).
13) How did you test the form u developed? How did you taken print?
14) What are Standard Texts?
16) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables?
A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined.
Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined.
Cluster table can be used to store control data they can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation.
17) What is pf-status?
Pf status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to se41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive report.
18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one?
I guess, 'move corresponding' is very efficient then 'move' statement. Because usually we use this stamtent for internal table fields only...so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (what ever you want).
19) What are the output type and Tcodes?
20) Where we use Chain and End chain?
21) Do you use select statement in loop end loop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance?
22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default?
Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004
SAP ABAP interview questions
Thanks to the reader who sent in this question set:
1. What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
2. What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
3. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
4. Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
5. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
6. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
8. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into "sessions".
9. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
10. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.
11. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
12. What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
13. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
14. What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
15. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
16. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
17. What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
18. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
19. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
20. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
21. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
22. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
23. What is the difference between macro and subroutine? - Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I've never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
Rajiv

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