Files show as corrupted in LR 5, when stored on an external HD

Basically, the title sums it up. I was running out of space on my 500GB laptop HD, so I decided to start saving RAW files to an external 1TB HD. Immediately, the files started showing up as corrupted when viewed in Develop module. Only a few at first, but it got progressively worse - to the point of 80% corrupt and unusable.
I thought this was a HD problem. So I went ahead and bought a second HD (2TB) and started saving files there. Same problem. Now, when I try to save the same files to the laptop HD - no problem, all is well (as it has always been before; the issue was space).
I was willing to allow for it to be the external drive problem. But what are the chances that TWO external hard drives in a row will be problematic (especially when everything else on them is fine)? Not high, I reckon.
So I am trying to wrap my mind around it and it drives me mad - I cannot work, I don't know what is going on and I have no idea what to do... It cannot be the camera - again, the same files are fine when saved to the internal HD. It cannot be the SD card - I am using several, from different companies and bought at different times, and again, the files are fine in the internal drive. It cannot be the external drive failure - I tried two in a row, and everything else on those drives is fine. But when viewed in LR 5, those files on external drives show up as corrupted. I am losing my mind!
I would much appreciate any help and input. I have no idea where to turn with this - it is not computer problem per se, and there is no "Lightroom repair" that I know of...
Thanks for looking at this!

Thank you for replying. That is right, I am quite suspicious of memory - my laptop is full to the brim and I suspect that this may affect available memory and cause some problems in LR. Unfortunately, I don't know enough about computers to be certain.
The card reader - quite simple: the card reader is the same, whether I save the files to the internal or external drives. I put the SD card in it, then copy the files and paste them where I want them. When done, I then open the LR and synchronize the folder. When I copy and paste files to the internal drive, the images look fine in LR; when I copy and paste them into the external drive, 80% of them come up visually corrupted in LR. Since the same card reader is used in both cases, and the files are OK when saved internally, I am assuming it is not the card reader.
So, basically, when I became aware of the problem, I tried copying and saving the same file both internally and externally from the card reader, in order to verify what was going on. That is how the same file (more than one, actually) ended up on three different drives.
Right now, my instinct is to copy everything to an external drive and clear some space on the internal one. I am very apprehensive though - what if something is causing file corruption on the external drives - in that case I will be corrupting everything when I migrate the files. Hence my previous question - are the files actually corrupted, or do they simply appear corrupted in LR because of memory issues? As I said, I don't know enough about this to be certain and do not know what to do.

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