Grounded/Earthed vs Ungrounded/Unearthed plugs on MacBook power adapter

My MacBook comes with both a grounded extension cable and an unearthed plug. Also, there is a travel kit available with all kinds of adapters for international outlets, both earthed and unearthed, depending on the system.
1. Is there any reason to use the cable vs the plug while in the US, provided the outlet is properly wired?
2. Is there any reason to run my own ground wire when living abroad, while using the proper adapters and converters and using a properly wired outlet?
3. Is there any benefit to buying Apple's expensive travel kit vs a much cheaper universal adapter?
I have a pocket multimeter that I carry in my suitcase to actually check for proper wiring. I have a little plug-in circuit tester too, but it is only useful in ~110V systems with B-type plugs. I used to be an electricians assistant and I know how to do basic wiring, but I really have no clue why we do it, especially when it comes to ground.

It keeps the green light on for a while after I unplug it from the notebook. The scratched part is extension from the old adapter.

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