H-REAP/Flexconnect Voice 100Ms Limitation

In the H-Reap Design and Deployment Guide, there is a limitation specified around using H-Reap with voice as follows:
"Roundtrip latency must not exceed 300 milliseconds (ms) for data and 100 ms for voice and data between the access point and the controller, and CAPWAP control packets must be prioritized over all other traffic."
I can't find any explanation of why this limitation is defined.
Is it related to CAPWAP control traffic?
Does it apply only to centrally switched voice traffic, or also to locally switched traffic?
Does anyone have any more detail on why this limit exists?
Does it only apply to Cisco voice handsets (or other clients like Skype, Lync etc.)
Regards
Nigel.

Stephen, thanks for the response, but it still doesn't quite make sense top me.
Why should the actual traffic type (which is being switched locally at the AP end of things) determine the difference in latency recommendation?
Whether the traffic is voice or data makes no real difference to the control traffic that passes between the AP and WLC?
The only think I can think of is perhaps something around roaming for voice clients which may generate control traffic if you didn't have H-REAP groups defined?
I understand the over-riding latency limit for the CAPWAP traffic between an AP & WLC (300mS), but why should that latency requirement be any more stringent for voice traffic, when the voice traffic is switched locally and won't hit the link between the AP & WLC?
Regards
Nigel.

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7920-AP1100-voice call limitation (CAC)

Hello,
i have an AP1100 (12.3.8JEB1) , several IP Phones 7920 .All is working but i would like to limit tne number of simultaneous calls to 3 for example.There is a function called CAC in the AP with bandwidth limitation (max channel percentage).When all is configured , i still can have more than 3 active calls.
Must i have 7921G ( for TSpec support) to function ?
Must i have a WLSE controller to use this CAC function ?
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Yes 7920 does not support TSPEC, so will keep making calls.
The 7920 uses QBSS to determine if it can make an outbound call, but nothing to stop incoming calls.
The QBSS threshold is 105 by default. If less than that then can call out.
To adjust this parameter, can use the following command:
dot11 phone dot11e cac-thresh X
But also remember that this QBSS version is CCA based, so will account for more than just # of calls, it will account for entire channel utilization including non-802.11 2.4 GHz devices (i.e. microwaves, ec.) as well as 802.11 devices (APs and clients on same channel).

FlexConnect (aka H-REAP) and Auto-Anchor functionality

Hi Board,
I never did H-REAP on my wireless deployments. Now, I have an H-REAP (FlexConnect) requirement for branch offices.
Also there is the requirement for guest access at the same time.
From my understanding those features (FlexConnect and Auto-Anchor) should work together.
Please refer to the following exibit:
There is a FlexConnect AP at my branch office. The traffic from internal users (SSID "Internal") should be switches locally at the LAP (Lightweight Access Point). At the same time the guest SSID (SSID "Guest") should be tunneled back via CAPWAP to the controller to which the LAP is associated ("Central Controller"). The guest traffic should not emerge (switched) at the "Central Controller", instead it should be tunneled to an anchor controller in a DMZ via an "Ethernet Over IP tunnel" (Auto-Anchor functionality).
First question: Does this work (FlexConnect in conjunction with Auto-Anchor functionality)?
If this works, where's the web portal for guest authentication hosted (if using the internal web auth on WLC)? On the "central controller" or the Anchor controller? (I guess at the Anchor Controller in the DMZ, right?)
Is it possible to leave the guest SSID "open" with no webauth and still using the Anchor Controller? This would be needed if I have an external web authentication service, which would be hosted by a provider.
Thanks in advance for all your replies!
Johannes

The Flex 7500 deployment guide ("
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps11635/products_tech_note09186a0080b7f141.shtml
") states:
"The Cisco FlexConnect Solution also supports Central Client Data Traffic, but it should be limited to Guest data traffic only."
later in the document there is a section about Guest access that states "Flex 7500 will allow and continue to support creation of EoIP tunnel to your guest anchor controller in DMZ."
Hope that helps.

Why not always use H-REAP

Hello All,
I apologize if this has appeared in another thread, but it has been something I've been mulling over now for a couple weeks. With the improvements in the 7.2.103, is there any reason to not automatically make every deployment an H-REAP (now FlexConnect) deployment? Just the mere fact of WLAN survivability during controller outage, without a redundant controller of course, is a strong incentive. With all the progress Cisco has made, I'm trying to come up with reasons to not just configure every deployment to be H-REAP/Flexconnect. Off the top of my head the only reasons I can think of are:
-extra config on the access switch
-limited to 25 AP's per H-REAP group. (Even this reason is really not that big of one when designed properly)
I'm highly curious what the community thinks.
Thanks in advance,
Matt

Matt,
At this time I don't think the question should be why or why not use FlexConnect of every single deployment. Local mode and FlexConnect both have their own benefits and each should be carefully considered for the deployment in question. A few items to keep in mind are:
Where will the APs be located in relation to the WLC?
Who is going to be managing this system? (FlexConnect is more difficult to manage than local due to the additional configuration.)
Does it make sense for data traffic? (In one case I had a customer that did not have their controller located at a central point of their network... Not my choice or reccomendation.)
Do I need AAA override?
FlexConnect isn't terrible but it's still got a ways to go regarding development. It was designed around the idea of remote branch deployment, not necessairly large depolyments at one site where a customer could have multiple redundant controllers.
So far some limitations I've personally faced are bugs.
Don't let that stop you from utilizing FlexConnect as it does indeed have its uses.
For some good information check out the follwoing link:
http://revolutionwifi.blogspot.com/2010/06/h-reap-deployment-guidelines-and.html
Some of it may be a little out of date as it was written in 2010.
Regards,
Aaron

Local vs flexconnect which is better for throughput

We have 190 APs in two buildings on the same campus connected to 2 5508 controllers. Would it be better to put these APs in flexconnect mode with local switching? My thought is that traffic would be better to have traffic switched at either the access switches on each floor or the main switches for each building rather than traveling back to the core, through the controllers and then to its destination.

I understand that's what the documentation says (and keep hearing repeated without any clarification) but surely it all depends on your situation.
Take this example for instance:
- A 500-seat campus broken into 4 buildings
- AP's managed by a HA-pair of 5508's in two DC's (10Gbps ring < 5ms), one DC on the main campus, connected by 6 x 1Gpbs EtherChannel
- Less than 25 AP's per building
Surely the only issue then if we used FlexConnect local switching for a WLAN for Corporate PC's would be roaming. That isn't really much of a problem for PC's - who really wanders around a campus with their laptop open wanting persistent connection between sitting down?
If you have multiple 802.11ac clients connecting to 3702 AP's that 6Gbps bottleneck is going to be saturated fairly quickly.
As far as I can see FlexConnect groups are limited to 25 AP's but again that's not a huge issue given the usage case.
For mobile devices (tablets, phones) and guest access then you can still use central switching.

H-REAP maximum RTT requirement?

Our wireless controllers & WiSM's are deployed centrally.
We set up all our LWAPP AP's in H-REAP mode to take advantage of local switching, so that clients can access local resources w/o having to traverse all the way to the WiSM's and then back to the remote sites.
One WiSM cluster is deployed in the east coast, and one in the West Coast, because we were told the RTT for H-REAP should be <100ms.
We were told as long as we increase the EAP timer, H-REAP would work coast to coast.
My questions are:
Has anyone done it?
If it's true and works, exactly what variables and parameters should we set in terms of EAP?
(WISM) config>advanced eap ?
advanced eap ?
eapol-key-timeout                          Configures EAPOL-Key Timeout in seconds.
eapol-key-retries                             Configures EAPOL-Key Max Retries.
identity-request-timeout             Configures EAP-Identity-Request Timeout in seconds.
identity-request-retries                Configures EAP-Identity-Request Max Retries.
key-index                                            Configure the key index used for dynamic WEP (802.1x) unicast key (PTK).
max-login-ignore-identity-response Configure to ignore the same username count reaching max in the EAP identity response
request-timeout                              Configures EAP-Request Timeout in seconds.
request-retries                                 Configures EAP-Request Max Retries.

Hi John,
Good news!
The support for the number of H-Reap AP's increased to 8 in the WLC 4.0.206.0 Release :)
These additional changes are available in controller software release 4.0.206.0:
â¢Client roaming with multicast packets is now supported.
â¢Up to 10 access points can be concurrently upgraded from the controller.
â¢***Hybrid REAP can now be used with up to eight access points.
From these release notes;
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/release/notes/cont402060rn.html#wp201506
Hope this helps!
Rob

Difference between AP groups and HREAP or flexconnect

Hi Experts ,
Can anyone please tell me the difference between AP groups and HREAP functionality?
Is the AP group for within one office location ? and Hreap is over WAN?
Regards,
Vijay.

AP groups and H-REAP/FlexConnect are used differently. AP Groups define what SSID's and WLAN to VLAN mapping (local mode) that ap's in the group will have. H-REAP/FlexConnect group is only used when the ap's are in this mode and you define ap's that are close together in that group for fast roaming if using 802.1x. If your only using pre-shared key or non-802.1x, then you really don't need to use H-REAP/FlexConnect groups. You can have ap's in both ap groups or h-reap/flexconnect groups, that is why you need to understand what each does.
FlexConnect Grups:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/controller/7-4/configuration/guides/consolidated/b_cg74_CONSOLIDATED/b_cg74_CONSOLIDATED_chapter_010001111.html
AP Groups:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/controller/7-4/configuration/guides/consolidated/b_cg74_CONSOLIDATED/b_cg74_CONSOLIDATED_chapter_01011111.html
Scott

Lack of control over iMessage

The purpose of this post is less of a question and more of a collection of the frustrations I have had with trying to use iMessage.
First off, the idea of iMessage seems great. Transparently allow users end to end encryption of their messages over a data network without any need for the user to do anything but turn iMessage "on". Have multiple iOS devices? Even better. Link them together with your Apple ID and your iMessages will show up on all devices!
For me, where iMessage starts to break down is with the multiple iOS device support and the promise of communication where your originating device is transparent to the recipient. Maybe what I want iMessage to be and what it is are different things, but I fail to see why the system should struggle to do what it is I am trying to do.
#1 - the inability to disable my phone # as a valid iMessage address on my active iPhone 5S is something I just can't understand. I'd love to be able to have standard SMS tied to my phone #, but have an e-mail address I can give out if someone wants to iMessage me. Let us use both! Don't force us to pick between iMessage and SMS! Right now I have to use an old iPhone 3GS I have laying around as my iMessage device (using an e-mail address), with iMessage disabled on my 5S. I admit this plan is a tad convoluted, but I am a Google Voice user. I have a subset of people I interact with that I do NOT give my real phone number. I give them my Google Voice number. Of course, Google Voice has multiple limitations with SMS (no emoji, no MMS, no group MMS). What I do is give these users my iMessage address as a workaround to Google Voice's limitations. This way I can send and receive messages from these users, with no loss in functionality, and they do not get my real phone number. Right now, the only way to successfully accomplish this is to carry a second Wi-Fi only device with no SMS functionality. The lack of SMS functionality is a requirement to make sure that #2 and #3 below don't happen...
#2 - I'm sure someone out there is saying "Just enable iMessage on your 5S and set your e-mail address as your source address!" This idea sounds like it would work in theory, but in practice it tends to fall flat on its face. Most worrysome, I have absolutely no way to look at an iMessage before I send it and see what source address I am sending from. It is like I am flying blind. I can't fathom why a selectible "source address" box or something doesn't appear once you enable multiple iMessage sources on your device. On top of that, I've had multiple occassions where I will have my e-mail address selected as my "source address", but the recieipent will receive an iMessage from me that comes from my real phone number, not my e-mail address. I'm aware of the very limited manner in which Apple supports what I am trying to do here. If I leave a specific iMessage thread open on my device and respond to it later, the recipient SHOULD see the conversation continue from the same source address. In either scenario (keeping the same conversation open, or deleting it and creating a new one with my e-mail address selected as the source), the recipient will occassionaly recieve iMessages from my phone number. How difficult it is to switch between source addresses leads me to believe that Apple did not design iMessage with this scenario in mind. Very strange to give us the ability to choose the source address, but have it very hard to get to, and have no way to ensure that it changed. Also strange to give us the ability to make a choice between source addresses, but then occassionally ignore that choice.
#3 - The "Send as SMS" toggle - another great idea that just doesn't work in practice. Allowing the iOS device to fall back to SMS when iMessage is unavailable for some reason is a great way for your average Joe to continue his conversation over iMessage or SMS and have no break in communication. Only thing he might notice is the switching of his messages from blue to green back to blue. I also get why Apple put this toggle in - what it SHOULD do is disable SMS as a failback for iMessage. Problem is, it just doesn't work. Seperate from #2 above, I have had scenarios where I am communicating with someone via iMessage. My source address is my e-mail address. Sending to a phone number. The iMessage fails for one reason or another. If I hit "retry", my iPhone will send the message as an SMS, even though "Send as SMS" is turned off. It won't even ask me if I want to try it as an iMessage again. I've also had it happen where my button changes from blue to green, and I can't get it back to blue. If I send a message while the button is green, an SMS is sent from my phone number (again with "Send as SMS turned off"). And here is a real head-scratcher for you: Say I have an iMessage conversation with my e-mail address as the source. I lose iMessage connectivity and my button goes green. If/when I get the blue button back, what iMessage source am I using now? It is entirely possible that my last communicaiton was an SMS from my phone number, so what source does iMessage pick to continue the conversation? I have no idea, and there really is no excuse for this lack of visibility into the source address.
#4 - iMessage registration ***** - One of the reasons I hate enabling iMessage on my phone number is how inconsistent the whole expereince is. After I turn it on, some iOS users see me as an iMessage receipient, while others see me as an SMS recipient. I've had entirely too many of these scenarios where my number is stuck in limbo between the two. Even worse is when I turn iMessage off. In some cases, it takes DAYS before some iOS devices realize that I am no longer an iMessage receipient, while other iOS users can tell instantly. I get no notificaitons about any iMessages that I lose during the time that some devices are incorrectly showing my number as still having iMessage enabled. Unfortunately, I get the most consitstent expereince with iMessage turned off.
#5 - iMessage delays - This one may not be Apple's fault, but it is still frustrating. I have iMessage enabled on my phone number. I am conversing with someone via iMessage. Source and destination are both phone numbers. I enter an area of questionable data coverage. Person on the other end sends me an iMessage. Because of poor data coverage, I do not receive it. You would think that I would get the missing iMessage as soon as I regain data coverage. Unfortunately, in my experience, Apple has some sort of "message retry" timer on iMessages that are not delivered the first time. It seems that these retries can sometimes be hours after the initial iMessage was sent. Some additional transparency and/or control here would be welcome.
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Network25

Thank you for the responses.
I wanted to get my ideas out in the open in the forums prior to submitting them to Apple as feature requests. I was curious if other people have had experiences similar to mine with iMessage.
I admit I went into quite a lot of detail, but that is mainly because my thoughts on the subject are still a bit unfocused. The current solution is to "disable iMessage", but I really do want to find a way for the product to work for me. Summarized, I have 2 seperate but related issues:
#1 - Allow iMessage to be used WITHOUT forcing the phone number to be iMessage as well. I can submit this request to Apple. Does anyone know why this is currently a forced setting? I can't think of any drawbacks to allowing users to disable it...
#2 - Fix broken / confusing beahviors of the current iMessage implementation, such as lack of visibility into the source iMessage address.
Thoughts? Opinions? Thanks.
Network25

Adding a WLAN for Remote Location

Hello everyone,
I have a question about creating a WLAN for a remote location on a 5508 WLC that's housed at our main office. Attached is a diagram of the connection between the two locations. My question is, how do I set this up? Our WLC is at our main office (10.1.x.x) and I was able to get a lightweight AP to join the controller using an IP address from the local subnet of the remote location (10.20.x.x). However, I want to create a new subnet that will be broadcast at the remote location only and clients will use the local DHCP/DNS server there. Usually, I create a new interface when I set up a new network but I have to specify a VLAN ID. Since the VLAN at the remote location is also VLAN 1, how do I go about doing this? Do I create an untagged interface? Please help!
Regards,
Terence

I think you're better off using H-REAP/FlexConnect.

Multiple AP Groups

I have and will have more multiple sites that are separate offices and will be using HREAP to each location. Each site like I said will be separate but will have the same SSID. I am assuming I will need separate AP groups, virtural interfaces and WLANS for each site?

By default, all wlans with wlan id 1-16 will be placed in the dafault-group. This group will have all ssids that you create with wlan id 1-16. So all these will be activeap's will default to the default-group. You have to configure each h-reap/flexconnect ap to assign what wlan ssid you want to map to what vlan at the remote site.
AP Groups:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk722/tk809/technologies_configuration_example09186a008073c723.shtml
H-REAP:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk722/tk809/technologies_configuration_example09186a00807cc3b8.shtml
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10315/products_tech_note09186a0080736123.shtml

SSIDs Segregation

Hello Everyone.
Could you please help with segregation of SSIDs Base on AP , I have the following scenario:
Head Office :
2 SSIDs (HO_Wifi , Guest) , Access Points which are working in connected mode and grouped on the default ap group .
Remote site:
2 SSIDs (Branch_Wifi , Guest) , Access Points working in flxconnected mode and locally switching the traffic .
As shown above , I will be having Head Office , and other 20 Remote Sites with Access Points working in Flexconnected mode . what is the best way to group AP and segregate SSID base on location . Above Senario are build base on WLC 5508 and AP 1142
Thanks for help in advance .

I probably should of explained it a little better:)
You still should just have two SSIDs. It doesn't matter if you have AP's in local and others in h-reap/FlexConnect. Local mode AP's will use what you define in the WLAN interface mapping or the AP Group interfaces mapping. The AP Group will override the WLAN SSID mapping. Now h-reap/FlexConnect AP's will have its own WLAN to SSID mapping in which each h-reap/FlexConnect AP will need to configured to place the OFFICE SSID on the remote subnet.
Here is a link regarding FlexConnect. It's for the Flex7500, but it will explain the design and configuration.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps11635/products_tech_note09186a0080b7f141.shtml
Sent from Cisco Technical Support iPhone App

What happens if Local Mode LAP lost connection to Controller?

Hey,
I wonder what happens to the wireless client and LAP running in local mode if connection to wireless lan controller is down OR the controller itself is down? I do not think LAP will reboot by itself but will wireless client lost wifi connection and internet connection via the LAP?

H-REAP/FlexConnect is different and it can keep clients connected depending on authentication methods. This will explain it better:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/7.2/configuration/guide/cg_flexconnect.html#wp1224777
Sent from Cisco Technical Support iPhone App

Help with wireless controller and VLANs

Hi I'm trying to setup a wireless controller in preparation for a large site go live later this year. I'm struggling to get the controller and the WLAN using the correct VLAN. I want the controller on VLAN 100 and the clients on the WLAN on VLAN 200.
My thought is that I would need a config similar to:
Switchport for wireless controller management port set to trunk VLAN 100 and 200 with no native VLAN set.
The management interface on the controller set to VLAN 100.
A dynamic interface created on VLAN 200.
When setup like this I can get to the controller on its management address but only from VLAN100 not from another VLAN on site or from other sites over the WAN.
I have setup a WLAN which is set to use the dynamic interface on VLAN 200.
I have set the AP to use HREAP and set the native VLAN as 200 and added the dynamic interface into the VLAN mappings
When I connecting a client to the WLAN I get an address on VLAN 100.
The switchport for the AP is set to native VLAN 100 and trunk 200 – this setup works for standalone APs at other sites.
What am I missing?
Also any idea why the management interface address is not routing? The netmask and gateway are set correctly.
Thanks
Paul

Just to add to Steve's post... You only need to create a dynamic interface for vlan 200 if you have ap's also in local mode. If your ap's are in H-REAP/FlexConnect mode, you don't need a dynamic interface for vlan 200.
In you H-REAP/FlexConnect ap, you would set the wlan to vlan mapping there and the switchport configuration would be a trunk allowing vlan 100 (im assuming your native vlan for your ap) and vlan 200. You should see something like the following:
Thanks,
Scott
Help out other by using the rating system and marking answered questions as "Answered"

Line Extension with Power Injector: yes or no?

the lenght of the lan segment between switch and access point is cca 150m.
my quiestion is:
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is it Injector in the function of L2 switch or is it only injecting power into normal 100m limited segment?
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I tried this before, did not work. I think it's passive.
You have to use a fiber(MM does the trick and it's cheap, you dont need really clean terminaison for 100baseFX, mecanical with do)
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Straight Talk is supported as of Jan 11: Questions

I know many have modified their iPhones to work with Straight Talk.
Today it is officially supported by Straight Talk.
A couple of questions:
I know of the MMS and visual voice mail limitations (or supposed limitations) and they don't bother me.
However there is apparently a soft 2 GB limit on the $45/month unlimited plan and it appears that LTE speeds are not available.
Are these 2 things true?
Also can anyone confirm that Straight Talk is using Verizon's network the the iPhones Wal mart is selling.
Thanks in advance.
Perry

I talked with StraighTalk. About 6 robot given choices and I did get to a live person.
Although he didn't know he was helpful and checked.
My 3 questions:
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A: Yes still a slow down.
Can I port over my TMobile number?
A: Yes,
Can I get LTE speeds on the Verizon network with ST?
A: No
So ST has the same data that you do.
Thank you for your help. I will get my wife and I an iPhone but will purchase it through Verizon as the speed and throughput (I will buy the 2 phone 10Gb/mo Plan) are important to me.
Thank you again for your prompt and accurate help.
Perry

H-REAP/Flexconnect Voice 100Ms Limitation

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