Hard Disk Won't Boot - Recovering Data w/ Live CD

Hey guys,
I have a MacBook.
My operating system got corrupted. I can't boot into it. I also have a tiny Linux partition installed, which can boot totally fine (therefore, not a hardware problem).
I booted into a Linux Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD, and was able to see my hard disk partitions as accessible. I could navigate to the Ubuntu partition, and see the data there.
HERE'S THE THING:
I can also access my OS X partition, and see the data. The problem is that some of the folders I can open just fine, while others have a tiny red circle in the top-right of the icon. When I try to open those ones, it says that I don't have permission.
Is there a way around this?
I am trying to rescue my data before wiping the hard drive.
I have already tried repairing permissions with the original install disk, and it won't work. I have tried booting in FireWire target-disk-mode, and it won't work. I have tried using DiskWarrior, and it worked only enough to tell me it won't work.
The Apple support guy said to try this Linux Live CD. Any ideas?
Thanks in advance!

Hey dude,
Thanks again for the followup help.
I have done a million diagnostics, here is a short list:
Tried booting resetting PRAM - nothing.
Tried booting in Verbose mode, nothing
Single-user mode, nothing
Safe mode, nothing
Nothing will boot.
I have Ubuntu installed on a different partition which boots totally fine, so it's definitely not a hardware failure. Apple said this as well.
I boot into the install DVD, and run the Disk Utility FIrst Aid. It can't repair the disk, and gives me errors.
The hard drive is nearly full, so there's not 15GB free to do a Archive and Reinstall the OS.
Apple said that the OS is corrupt, and I have to recover the data and wipe and reinstall.
I tried booting in target disk mode, and the host computer can't find the target mac (I tested it with 3 different macs and the cable works and everything else works fine). Apple said this is probably due to the "headers and footers" of the partition being hard to read.
I tried DiskWarrior, and at first it DID find the disk and data, and it said IT COULD RECOVER IT. I did a hardware test and it was fine. I did the permission repair, and then it found all my data and allowed me to browse it before recovering it, but it also gave me errors. Then it said that it COULD NOT recover it. When I tried to run the recover, it said first to reboot. After rebooting, it said that it couldn't even find the Mac hard disk at all, let alone repair it.
Then after trying to boot again as normal, instead of simply staying at the permanent "boot up" screen, it goes to a gray screen with a black message that says "Please reboot your computer".
I am able to boot from an Ubuntu Live CD, and I can even see my Mac disk as accesible. I mount it and can browse SOME of the data, but other folders it says I don't have permission to access. Unfortunately, it's the locked ones that I need the data from.
I didn't put any extra locks on these folders in OS X than the other folders that I can access, so it's nothing like that.
Any ideas?

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