Help on Oracle feauture and "architecture"

Hi OTN,
I manage an application written with Forms6i in a remote SUN Solaris SPARC cluster. This application is actually accessible via telnet or terminal emulation.
I submit 2 help requests to you.
1) I'd like to understand is the feasibility and/or how may I write a file (from my application using forms or pl/sql procedures) on a client (e.g.: csv file under C:\ ) from a screen of my application (having unix as OS).
I have developed screen that writes csv files on the SUN Solaris cluster server..... and I'm wondering if it's possible to do it remotely.....
2) using a graphic screen of my application, what are the steps you suggested from an architecture standpoint, in order to login into the screen from an Internet Explorer browser ?
Thanks a lot for your help/suggestion and time.
Best Regards
Andrea

Hi,
As I said, please post your question in this forum here: Business Intelligence Applications It's the BI Apps forum. This one here is the BIEE one.
And for your question: It's such a huge and wide-ranging question that I actually don't kknow how to start. I suggest you get the [BI Apps|http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/ias/htdocs/101320bi.html] . Get the documentation . And then you start by doing a step-by-step installation of vanilla.
Go through the process outlined in the documentation to get a first feeling for it. Best case of course would be if you'd take the training!

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Help linking oracle 11g and joomla 1.6

Hello
I am currently working on a project which uses Joomla 1.6 and MySQL 5.15. We now need to migrate the DB from MySQL to Oracle 11g R2 and I would like some help in finding a driver between Oracle 11g and Joomla 1.6. If anybody has worked with and successfully connected these two could you please help me out.
Could really do with the help as I need to complete the project soon.
Thanks
Bharat
Edited by: 842910 on Mar 8, 2011 11:10 PM

Hey there...
Well.... It sort of all depends on how Joomla is connecting to the database. Are they using a pre-built framework like PDO or Zend ?
If they are it should be a a relatively easy task to move it to Oracle. If not then you will have to alter their DB layer and replace a lot of the mySQL calls with Oracle calls and add a few. For example MySQL does not parse a statement prior to execution but Oracle does eg:
$oraDB = oci_connect([parms]);
$query = oci_parse($OraDB,'select 'a' from dual');
// If you are binding variables it would go between the parse and execute areas and it is mostly the same as doing
// it with MySQL
oci_execute($query);
$data = oci_fetch_assoc($query);The instant client and the full client do things very differently and connections to the DB server are done differently so you will need to understand those differences and code accordingly.
The OCI_8 php libraries are well established and documented. They must be installed on the server on which Joomla is running.
If your machine is setup correctly this is as simple as:
%pecl install oci8
pecl will take care of pretty much everything including dealing with 32 -v- 64 bit and all you need do is make an entry in the php extension section letting it know the OCI libraries are installed. If not it is a bit more complicated.
The software along with the instructions ca be found here: http://pecl.php.net/package/oci8
You must have either the instant client or the regular Oracle client installed on the server on which Joomla is running.
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
After you accept the license agreement click on "See All" and you will see both the instant client and the full client for the version you require.
It is extremely un-wise to attempt to run any version of oracle on the machine running joomla / Apache. If you do so, then you stand a better then even chance of failure as Oracle does not like to share resources.
Make sure you read the install instructions for the oracle client and pay very close attention to things like environment settings and permissions issues on the php server as these are some of the most common problems. Once the client is installed and the oci libraries are installed things should run very smoothly. The whole php to Oracle chain is very fast and the fact that the db server is remote from the web server will not be an issue as long as the links are fast.
If you have problems get back to us and we will do the best we can to help you sort things out.
- FG

Help with Oracle 10g and ODBC

Hello,
I dont use ODBC much. Been awhile since I have had to use it.
I have Oracle 10.2.0.3 installed on a win2k workstation and installed 10203 patch, which consisted of copying over 3 dll's and some notes. Oddly enough, the notes wanted to go to an ODBC folder, which did not exist.
I go to admin tools/odbc and no new oracle odbc option under system dns.
Whats the trick here? What do I need to do to an existing 10.2.0.3 install to get the new odbc options available in the odbc data source admin?
I think I am missing a simple step. Unfortunately there is nothing I can find in searching here.

I am assuming that when you say "I have Oracle 10.2.0.3 installed on a win2k workstation", you are referring to having the 10.2.0.3 Oracle client on your machine, right? Did you install the Oracle ODBC driver when you first installed the 10.2 Oracle client (under the Oracle Windows Interfaces option when doing the install)?
When you go to Control Panel | Administrative Tools | Data Sources (ODBC) | Drivers, you should see an entry for the Oracle ODBC driver. You can use that driver to create new DSN's that would appear under the System DSN tab, but installing the driver won't create any new DSN's.
Justin

Help with Oracle 9 and Oracle 10

im running this script in Oracle 11
I have a queueTable
I ran this script to create my queue
-- execute dbms_aqadm.drop_Queue_table(queue_table => 'QUEUE__ENVIO', force => true);
execute dbms_aqadm.create_queue_table(queue_table=>'QUEUE__ENVIO', queue_payload_type=>'SYS.AQ$_JMS_TEXT_MESSAGE', comment => 'QUEUE para ENVIO', multiple_consumers => false, compatible => '8.1.0');
--execute dbms_aqadm.STOP_QUEUE('QUEUE__ENVIO');
--execute dbms_aqadm.DROP_QUEUE('QUEUE__ENVIO');
execute dbms_aqadm.create_queue( queue_name=>'QUEUE__ENVIO', queue_table=>'QUEUE__ENVIO' );
execute dbms_aqadm.start_queue(queue_name=>'QUEUE__ENVIO');
Then i have a Table ENVIO, im trying to insert some rows in groups of 3 my shema is BANC
-- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ENVIO
DECLARE i INTEGER;
iFolio INTEGER;
sFolios VARCHAR2(255);
enqueue_options dbms_aq.enqueue_options_t;
message_properties dbms_aq.message_properties_t;
message_handle RAW(16);
message SYS.AQ$_JMS_TEXT_MESSAGE;
cadena VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
i := 1;
WHILE i <= 1 LOOP
SELECT BANC.sq01_envio.NEXTVAL INTO iFolio FROM DUAL;
sFolios := iFolio || ', ';
INSERT INTO BANC.ENVIO VALUES ('banito', 8, SYSDATE, iFolio,'Calisto',40,'600180000000929414','COFC7602231Z7','Calisto',40,'072580001560836313',NULL,NULL,'Para Abono al cliente',1000,0,8420581,'92941',7,'T',0,'0','0','0','1','1','1','0','1','1',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'Para Abono al cliente',NULL, iFolio, 0,90600,40072,0,'8420581',' <HORA ACUSE>> 12:36:39',NULL,'0','1','0','0','0','0','0',NULL,'0',155,'607AB9634B3EC3171B70DC81A9F08C8D0823343AAA364DE1',0,1086909,'N',24600, SYSDATE,169811275.36, -1);
SELECT BANC.sq01_envio.NEXTVAL INTO iFolio FROM DUAL;
sFolios := sFolios || iFolio || ', ';
INSERT INTO BANC.ENVIO VALUES ('banito', 8, SYSDATE, iFolio,'Calisto',40,'600180000000929414','COFC7602231Z7','Calisto',40,'072580001560836313',NULL,NULL,'Para Abono al cliente',1000,0,8420581,'92941',7,'T',0,'0','0','0','1','1','1','0','1','1',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'Para Abono al cliente',NULL, iFolio, 0,90600,40072,0,'8420581',' <HORA ACUSE>> 12:36:39',NULL,'0','1','0','0','0','0','0',NULL,'0',155,'607AB9634B3EC3171B70DC81A9F08C8D0823343AAA364DE1',0,1086909,'N',24600, SYSDATE,169811275.36, -1);
SELECT BANC.sq01_envio.NEXTVAL INTO iFolio FROM DUAL;
sFolios := sFolios || iFolio; --El ultimo no lleva ,
INSERT INTO BANC.ENVIO VALUES ('banito', 8, SYSDATE, iFolio,'Calisto',40,'600180000000929414','COFC7602231Z7','Calisto',40,'072580001560836313',NULL,NULL,'Para Abono al cliente',1000,0,8420581,'92941',7,'T',0,'0','0','0','1','1','1','0','1','1',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'Para Abono al cliente',NULL, iFolio, 0,90600,40072,0,'8420581',' <HORA ACUSE>> 12:36:39',NULL,'0','1','0','0','0','0','0',NULL,'0',155,'607AB9634B3EC3171B70DC81A9F08C8D0823343AAA364DE1',0,1086909,'N',24600, SYSDATE,169811275.36, -1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('sFolios=' || sFolios);
message := SYS.AQ$_JMS_TEXT_MESSAGE.construct;
message.set_text( sFolios );
dbms_aq.enqueue(queue_name => 'BANC.QUEUE__ENVIO',
enqueue_options => enqueue_options,
message_properties => message_properties,
payload => message,
msgid => message_handle);
--COMMIT;
i := i + 1;
END LOOP;
END;
In ORACLE 11 this working OK but when i run again in ORACLE 9, i have this ERROR
Error report:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kokegPinLob1], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_AQ", line 204
ORA-06512: at line 36
00600. 00000 - "internal error code, arguments: [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s]"
*Cause: This is the generic internal error number for Oracle program
exceptions. This indicates that a process has encountered an
exceptional condition.
*Action: Report as a bug - the first argument is the internal error number
Somebody Know what is this???

Triplicate post - http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=2153956
Srini

Oracle 9i and IDS under sun solaris 8

Need some help on oracle 9i and IDS under sun OS
i want some clariffication in my project.
If i develop my application under "sun solaris 8" OS for x86 with "oracle 9i"
as the backend and "IDS" (internet developer suite) as the front end, Can my
application be ported to the other environment i.e "SUNFIRE 280R" as the
server with sun solaris 8 as the OS and the same DB and front-end ?.
will there be any porting problems ?.
i am new to this environment.And i don't have SUNFIRE 280R server with me and
the customer won't supply it.
can anybody guide me please ?.(i am looking for the suggestions form those who
really worked on this environment.)
Murthy

Andrea...for a faster response, please post this question in the Database - Installation forum:
Database Installation

Help me install oracle form and report 9.0.4 on red hat AS 4 x86

i installed oracle database 10.0.2 on my red hat AS 4 x86 in /u01/app/oracle/product/10.0.2/db_1. Now i want to install oracle form and report 9.0.4 on my computer in /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4
The oracle installer checks for required packages. It will produce the following list of missing packeges:
Package gcc-3.2.3-20 is missing
Package compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.122 is missing
Package compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.122 is missing
Package compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.122 is missing
Package compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.122 is missing
Package setarch-1.3-1 is missing
Package sysstat-4.0.7 is missing
Package gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-34.1 is missing
Package libstdc++-3.2.3 is missing
Package compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.122 is missing
Package compat-glibc-7.x-2.2.4.32.5 is missingbut i installed newer versions of them. so can i continue to install without missing packeges??? and how to install missing packages because they conflict with packages i installed.
i tried to continue installation without missing packages and have some errors:
"Error in invoking target 'agent' of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/sysman/lib/ins_sysman.mk"
Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/sqlplus/lib/ins_sqlplus.mk"
Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/plsql/lib/ins_plsql.mk"
Error in invoking target 'relink' of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/precomp/lib/ins_precomp.mk"
Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/webcache/lib/ins_calypso.mk"
Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/network/lib/ins_net_client.mk"
Error in invoking target 'webm-install'(or genm-install or gen-install) of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/forms90/lib/ins_forms.mk"
Error in invoking target 'proxy install' (runm-install,server-install,cgi-install,cli-install,conv-install,qv-install) of makefile /u02/app/oracle/product/9.0.4/reports/lib/ins_reports.mk"
and error in Configuration Assistants:
"output generated from coniguration assistant "oracle net configuration assistant":/u01/app/oracle/jre/1.1.8/bin/.../bin/i686/native-threads/jre: relocation error
":/u01/app/oracle/jre/1.1.8/bin/.../bin/i686/native-threads/libjava.so: symbol_ _libc_wait, version Glibc -2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time refrence
Someone help me!!!
Thanks.

The requirements for installing 10.2.0 and 9.0.4 on RHEL4 differ - 9.0.4 is based on older versioned RSFs and require linking against older compatibility libraries.
The OUI may incorrectly complain if later versions of the required/pre-requisite packages really are installed - this should not be a problem functionally, however.
The latter errors you report, however (make, relocation error, glibc/symbol), are symptomatic of trying to link with/against incompatible gcc/glibc versions. Try installing the following additional compatibility files (appropriate for your architecture);
- http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/dist/files/RedHat/compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm
- http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/dist/files/RedHat/compat-libcwait-2.1-1.i386.rpm
If you have not already done so, I suggest you create and use (i.e. source) separate environment definition files when working with each product/version environment. For 9.0.4, ensure that you specify environment variable LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19 before installing 9.0.4 (or relinking).
If you have MetaLink access, refer also to Note.315832.1, Note.389811.1.
Message was edited by:
mychan

Help with Oracle Report Builder and SQL Server2000

Hey guys,
I just installed it Oracle Developer Suite10g with Report Builder and I am trying to use Report builder and wants to connect with SQL Server 2000. The problem that I am running in to is SQL Server 2000 i have is Window Authentication so Does not required to enter user name and password. So how can i connect my report builder to SQL server or is it possible to connect Report builder to SQL server?
Also, I want to create small practice version of database in Oracle how do i do it? what i mean by that is I installed trial version or Oracle developer 10g from www.oracle.com and now trying to get some knowledge with oracle. Could any one can give me some direction in this matter please.
Thank You
Key

Have a look at the reports help for the purpose header and trailer sections. Here is an exert:
"Report sectioning enables you to define multiple layouts in the same report, each with a different target audience, output format, page layout, page size, or orientation. You can define up to three report sections, each with a body area and a margin area: the names of the sections are Header, Main, and Trailer. By default, a report is defined in the Main section. In the other sections, you can define different layouts, rather than creating multiple separate reports. If you wish, you can use the margin and body of the Header and Trailer sections to create a Header and Trailer page for your reports."

Architectural Difference between Oracle 8i and Oracle 9i

hello there
anybody can tell me precisely what is the architecture difference in Oracle 8i and Oracle 9i.
or provide me the link where i can get it.
waiting for reply

What do you mean by "architectural differences"? Fundamentally, Oracle architecture hasn't changed a whole lot in a couple of decades. Certain implementations within the overall Oracle architecture will change over time, normally to support some new feature.
Locally managed tablespaces, for example, automatic segment space management, and automatic extent allocation are pretty important new features, but they don't fundamentally change the architecture of allocating space for objects to store data.
Justin
Distributed Database Consulting, Inc.
http://www.ddbcinc.com/askDDBC

Need help -- Oracle Financial 11i vs r12 (Oracle Payable and Oracl Payment)

Dear all
I'm newbie in Oracle Application and request for your help to answer my questions.
Background:
Three years ago, my company was planning to implement ERP Oracle Financials.
To facilitate the plan, an open bidding was established to find the best implementing company with affordable price.
The bidding document was created when Oracle Financials was 11i.
When the contract was signed 2 years ago, by my company and the winning company, it is mentioned that the version installed must be the latest one.
At the response to requirements, the winning company stated that the payment activity will be facilitated by Oracle Payable.
Now, the project is going on and the Oracle has the r.12 version.
Problem:
At 11i, there was only one module related to payment activities, i.e. Oracle Payable.
At r.12, Oracle has a new modul, i.e. Oracle Payment, which was subdomain of Oracle Payable.
Question:
1. Is my opinion about the relationship between Oracle Payable and Oracle Payment above correct?
2. Does my company has its right to ask for Oracle Payment in the installation?
3. If the answer to number 2 is yes, what is the base for it?
Thank you for explanation.
Sorry if I raise a too-simple question.
Regards,
Dodydh
Edited by: 840286 on 28-Feb-2011 03:28

Hi Dodydh,
I am afraid, your statement 'At r.12, Oracle has a new modul, i.e. Oracle Payment, which was subdomain of Oracle Payable.' is not correct.
Oracle Payments is an upgrade version of Oracle iPayments of 11i and this module is expected to serve Self service modules. But Payment Batches which is part of Oracle Payables has been moved to Oracle Payments.
You can very well ask them to implement Payment Batches (Processes relating to Funds Disbursement) but not the entire module.
Please let me know if you require further info.
Regards,
Sridhar

Getting Window help in Oracle Applications 11 and 11i.

Hi
I installed Oracle 11 on Windows NT. I have few problems.
1) I am not getting window help for every screen.
2) I am not able to install client on other machines. I am getting the welcome screen.
3) The output from requests is not coming in the HTML window ie., Internet Explorer. It is giving "file not found" error.
Please help me out.
Thank you.
Naren

If I understand your question correctly, you are talking about accessing the help that is already provided with Oracle Applications, correct? This discussion forum is intended for help authors and developers who are implementing help systems using Oracle Help for Java (OHJ) and Oracle Help for the Web (OHW). Perhaps one of the Oracle E-Business Suite forums would be more helpful for you. For example, you might want to try E-Business Suite > Administration > Managing Oracle Applications.
If you are indeed asking a question about OHJ or OHW, please respond to this message to correct my error!
Ben Gelernter
Oracle Help Technologies (Oracle Help for Java, Oracle Help for the Web)

Oracle Trading Community Architecture (TCA) licensing and Marketing?

Our organisation owns fully Oracle Finance (Receivables, payables, gl and cash management, HR and Payroll and Oracle Sales and Oracle Marketing. We rely heavily on the Trading Community Architecture (Oracle TCA) and store all customer data there (party names, phone/fax/email, addresses etc.).
However, we do not use any Oracle Sales or Oracle Marketing functionality - we simply create 'Customer' records using the Oracle Sales and Marketing WEB JSP front ends.
We would like to stop using Oracle Sales and Marketing an stop buying the licenses and maintencance for this and reinvest in other Oracle products.
Can you tell us - if we 'get rid of' Oracle Sales and Marketing can we still 'write' to the Oracle TCA using the API's that Oracle provides (something we already do today) or will we lose the right to create records to be stored in the TCA (like apps_fnd.hz_parties , contact_points, hz_locations etc.).

You would think that would be the case -- however they are quite incompetent.
Any one else have a suggestion?

ORACLE SERVER AND UNIX TP MONITOR-2

제품 : ORACLE SERVER
작성날짜 : 1995-01-24
Subject: Oracle Server and UNIX Transaction Processing Monitors-2
Page(3/4)
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle7 Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
     o Oracle Parallel Server and TP Monitors
     o Oracle and DCE-based TP Monitors
     o Other commonly asked questions
The questions answered in part 3 provide additional detail to the information
provided in part 1.
Oracle Parallel Server and TP Monitors
======================================
How does Oracle Parallel Server (OPS) work with TP Monitors?
If you are using Oracle-managed transactions, there are no special
considerations. But if you are using TPM-managed transactions, and
thus need to use the XA interface, then Oracle requires release 7.1.3
or later and a special version of the Distributed Lock Manager, called
the session-based lock manager. This version of the DLM is not yet
available for all platforms. To understand this restriction, let's take
a look at one of the technical details of XA.
The XA specification requires that the Resource Manager be able to
move a transaction from one process to another, and even to be
able to commit in a separate process. In Oracle, transactions are
attached to sessions, so that means that we also have to be able to
move sessions. Therefore, the session/transaction can't have any state
which is tied to a particular process. The first generation distributed
lock managers were all built to use the process id as the lock owner,
which doesn't work for locks which need to move with the transaction.
Oracle and DCE-based TP Monitors
================================
How does Oracle interface to the Encina TP monitor? To CICS/6000? I've
heard that they require OSF DCE facilities in order to run?
Oracle interfaces to Encina and CICS/6000 just as it does to any other
TP Monitor. The TP Monitor issues XA commands to control transactions, and
Oracle executes the commands. Encina and CICS/6000 do use DCE features for
their own operation. However, this use is transparent to the Oracle Server.
What DCE facilities can Oracle products take advantage of when working with
a DCE-based TP Monitor?
The two most commonly mentioned DCE features which might be useful
to Oracle users are multi-threading and security. We look at these in
the subsequent questions in this section.
Encina documentation suggests that a Resource Manager such as Oracle can
be either single-threaded or multi-threaded? Which way is Oracle XA
implemented?
The Oracle XA implementation is single-threaded, as is any Oracle client.
Within a single process, at most one thread can access Oracle at a time.
Does that mean that only a single Encina application can access an instance
of Oracle transactionally at any given moment?
No. Oracle XA is only single-threaded within a single application server
process. Multiple applications can access Oracle simultaneously using XA
by using different application processes. Encina allows
(1) serial reuse of a single server by different clients. There are
two options for this. The server can use long term reservation
but be defined to be in shared or concurrent access mode, which
allows the server to be used by another client as soon as an RPC
completes. Alternatively, the server can use default reservation
and exclusive mode, which allows the server to be used by another
client as soon as the current transaction ends.
(2) concurrent execution by multiple servers, even if they are accessing
the same Oracle database. These may be executing the same or different
procedures.
These two features should let you get as much concurrency as you need.
Why isn't the Oracle XA library multi-threaded?
The XA specification specifically states that its use of the phrase
"thread of control" means a process. If an RM were to multi-thread its
XA, it would be in violation of the specification. This restriction
was put place in because at the time the specification was written,
there were numerous thread packages: if the TM used one, the application
another, and perhaps the RM yet a third, there's no way it could work.
As threads standards settle down, the later versions of XA will probably
relax this restriction.
Will Oracle change if the XA specification changes?
Very likely. The exact time frame will of course depend on the priority of
all work items at that time.
Does Oracle use DCE security via the TP Monitors?
The integrity of the connection between a DCE TP Monitor client and DCE
TP Monitor server is protected by the DCE security functionality.
Theoretically, the TP Monitor could make the DCE-protected client security
information available to Oracle. Unfortunately, there's no standard way
for a TP Monitor to pass security information information to a Resource
Manager such as Oracle. Oracle is leading an effort to extend the X/Open
model to allow use of the security information provided by the Monitor.
In the meantime, the basic DCE security features such as encryption are
useful within TP Monitors.
Effective use of DCE security would normally also mean that the security of
the TP Monitor client be passed through the TP Monitor, through the Oracle
client (application server), to the Oracle Server, and possibly on
to other Oracle Servers through database links. The ability to transfer
security information to other processes, called delegation, is missing
in DCE version 1.0. DCE version 1.1, expected to emerge in late 1994,
has some delegation features. Oracle is examining these features to see
how they might be used.
Are there any special considerations for CICS/6000?
There are two:
(1) It is inefficient to run without XA. CICS/6000 is designed to
use XA. It uses XA so that the CICS server can log on to Oracle
when it starts, after which it makes that Oracle connection available
to any transaction it executes. If you don't use XA, the CICS server
does not itself log on to Oracle so each transaction has to log on
and log off - a very expensive mode of operation. Also, it is very
un-cics-like in that the application does the log{on,off} and also
commits - in a mainframe CICS database program CICS would implicitly
do these operations. Oracle does not recommend this mode because of the
performance penalty.
(2) CICS servers are generic and dynamically load application modules.
In order for these modules to access the Oracle connection made by
CICS, the applications must be built with a shared object version of
the Oracle libraries. This is an installation option on platforms which
support CICS/6000 and other products using its architecture such as
CICS 9000.
Other commonly asked questions
==============================
What other Resource Managers can be included in an Oracle XA transaction?
Several other relational database vendors have an XA implementation
available or in progress. There is an XA C-ISAM product from
Gresham Telecomputing. There are also Resource Managers contained
within some of the TP Monitors which can be coordinated in the same
transaction. For example, CICS/6000 has VSAM files and other data
stores, Encina has its RQS queuing system, and Tuxedo has its /Q queuing
system.
What is Recoverable Queuing Service (RQS) and how does it interoperate with
Oracle7 and Encina? What about /Q?
Recoverable Queuing Service is a feature provided by Encina which allows
transactional, distributed queuing (enqueue/dequeue). Tuxedo has a similar
product called /Q. Because these products are themselves coordinated by the
TM component of the TP Monitor, their queue operations are atomically
coordinated with with operations on XA Resource Managers such as Oracle7
Server. That is, they can atomically put something on one of their queues
and commit an Oracle transaction, then at some later time dequeue an
entry atomically with doing some other Oracle transaction. The queue
system guarantees that the message will not be lost or transmitted twice.
Can I mix TP Monitor applications with standard Oracle7 Server applications?
Yes, you can have existing Oracle applications connected to the database
with alongside TPM applications against the same database. The TPM does
not manage the whole database, just those transactions which are started
by the TPM. The Oracle Server will properly handle concurrency control
between the transactions managed by itself and those managed by the TPM.
Is Oracle planning to change its tools to be more suitable for TP Monitors?
With Oracle Procedure Builder 1.5, to be available with CDE2,
Oracle will provide a foreign function interface that allows you to
dynamically set up PL/SQL calls that access C functions. In other
words, you can access C routines in Windows DLLs from within your
PL/SQL procedures. This will allow PL/SQL under Windows easy access to
TP Monitor APIs.
Does Oracle7 Server itself use XA-compliant TPMs as the interface to
foreign RMs?
No, for this purpose Oracle Server uses the SQL*Connect products or the new
Transparent and Procedural Gateway products.
Does Oracle7 Server use XA to coordinate Oracle7-only distributed
transactions?
No, it uses an internal mechanism.
Can database links be used with XA?
If an Oracle7 database is running under XA, it can access other Oracle7
databases through database links, with some restrictions. First, the
access to the other database must use SQL*Net V2 and be running MTS.
Second, it must currently be to another Oracle7 database. Assuming those
restrictions, the Oracle 7 database can do distributed update to another
Oracle 7 database by using a database link, whether it is started by an
Oracle application or a TP Monitor application. The TPM will see Oracle
as only a single RM, but Oracle7 will propagate all the transaction
commands to the other database, including the two-phase commit. If
the transaction is started by a TP Monitor application and is using XA,
it can also update non-Oracle resources managed by the TPM. If it
is started from an Oracle application, it can only include resources
managed by Oracle.
Here's a sample configuration:
| TPM | | TPM |
| client | | client |
| |
| |
| TPM |
| |
| |
| Oracle | Forms, Forms, | Oracle | | non-XA | | XA |
| client | Plus, Plus, | client | | TPM | | TPM |
--------- Pro, Pro, --------- | server | | server |
| Financials, Financials, | |(note 1)| ----------
| etc. etc. | ---------- |
| | | |
| SQL | SQL | SQL | XA
| commit | commit | commit | commit
| | | |
| Oracle | | Oracle | | Oracle | | Oracle |
| server | | server | | server | | server |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Database 1 | | Database 2 |
| | | |
| A | A
| | dblink to database 1 | |
| ------------------------------------ |
| |
dblink to database 2
Note 1: Oracle will work having both XA and non-XA servers but some TPMs
may have restrictions on this.
Are multiple direct connections possible from a Pro* program?
Using XA, you can not only specify multiple direct connections to Oracle7
databases, you can also update them both in the SAME transaction. The
way to do this is to use a precompiler feature called a named database.
When you use a named database, you qualify the SQL statement with the
database name. For example, you write EXEC SQL AT dbname UPDATE emp ....
We have a complementary feature in the xa open string to let the user
associate the name with a particular RM instance, called the DB clause.
You will also want to use the SqlNet clause in the open string so you
can give the two different SIDs. This clause does not require the use of
the SQL*Net product, it is just a naming convention. For more information,
see Oracle7 Server for UNIX Administrator's Reference Guide.
Some TP Monitors may not support having multiple Resource Mangers in the
same server; check with the TPM vendor.
Is there any collateral available for XA or TP Monitors?
Oracle At Work 52684.0692
Oracle7 Server for UNIX Administrator's #A10324-1
Reference Guide
Guide to Oracle's Products and Services #A10560
Oracle7 Server and CICS/6000               #A14200
Where can I get more information on the DTP model?
X/Open's address is
X/Open company Ltd (Publications)
P O Box 109
Penn
High Wycombe
Bucks HP10 8NP
Tel: +44 (0)494 813844
Fax: +44 (0)494 814989
Request
G307 Distributed Transaction Processing: Reference Model Version 2
X/Open Guide G307 ISBN 1-859120-19-9 28cm.44p.pbk.220g.11/93
Page(4/4)
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
     o Performance with Oracle Server and TP monitors
     o Performance using Oracle's XA Library
The questions answered in part 4 provide additional detail to the information
provided in part 1.
Performance with Oracle Server and TP Monitors
==============================================
I have heard that Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs) will increase
Oracle Server performance. Is this true?
Several hardware and TPM vendors have made the claim that TPMs
will increase RDBMS performance. This claim is based on TPC-A
benchmarks. The key point to understand about TPC-A is that it
requires, for every transaction-per-second, ten times that many
users to be connected. For example, to get 600 TPS, you need 6000
users. The next question will answer in more detail how the the
three-tier architecture addresses this requirement, but first let's
look more generally at what TP Monitors can and can't do to improve
performance.
TP Monitors can provide better performance:
(1) When there are more than several hundred users connected.
     This is because of the TP Monitor's role in the three-tier
     architecture, described in the next question. In this
     architecture, terminal handling is offloaded to one or more
     separate machines, freeing up those cycles to do database work.
     Note that this does NOT mean that Oracle itself runs faster,
     just that we've given it more CPU cycles to use.
(2) When, because of the high potential concurrency of requests,
     significant resource contention exists. Use of a TP Monitor can
     limit the degree of concurrency and thus reduce contention.
TP Monitors can not provide better performance:
(1) For existing applications. The applications must be designed
     to fit the TP Monitor architecture.
(2) For applications which are highly interactive in their use of
     the database. These applications put many messages
     through the transport system, and the TP Monitor is not as
     efficient as SQL*Net for point-to-point communication.
(3) For CPU intensive single-query decision support. When executing
     a single large command, Oracle query facilities work efficiently,
     especially with the use of Oracle Parallel Query, available in 7.1.
How does the three-tier solution help TPC-A, or other situations with
thousands of on-line users?
The TPC-A test calls for a large number of users to produce a given
result. In the high-end results we produced in June, 1992, for example,
6150 terminals were simulated to produce 618 TPC-A transactions.
Thus, terminal concentration accounts for a large portion of the total
processing time used.
First, let's look at how the Multi Threaded Server would work for
this benchmark. In this case, there are many client processes,
but only a few server processes, which handle client requests on a
first-come first serve basis. When they are done with a request,
they take another client's request.
ORACLE7 CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE WITH MULTI THREADED SERVER
| Client | | Server |
| __________ |______________|_____ _____________ _____________ |
| | Client | | SQL*Net | |_|Dispatcher | | | |
| | Process| | | ____| Process |___| | |
| |________| | | | __|___________| | | |
|____________| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Oracle7 | |
______________ | | | __|__|____ | Server | |
| Client | | | | __|_|_____ | | | |
| __________ | | | | | Shared | |____| | |
| | Client | | SQL*Net | | | | Server |_|____| | |
| | Process|_|______________|__| | | Process|_| | | |
| |________| | | | |________| |___________| |
|____________| | | |
| | |
______________ | | |
| Client | | | |
| __________ | | | |
| | Client | | SQL*Net | | |
| | Process|_|______________|____| |
| |________| | | |
|____________| | |
|_______________________________________|
Client processes = N Dispatcher processes >= 1
Shared server processes >= 1
If there are 500 clients in this environment, there will be one or more
dispatcher processes, dynamically tunable, and one or more shared
server processes, dynamically tunable, on the server. The reduction
in the total number of processes handled by the server system
results in more processing time available for RDBMS activity. Thus
higher RDBMS transaction throughput can be obtained on the
server system.
But the problem for the TPC-A, and for certain large customer
configurations, is not the only ability of the Oracle Server to
process transactions, but also the ability of the operating
system to handle huge numbers of incoming connections.
There is one incoming connection for each client. Most UNIX
operating systems have a limit on how many such connections they can
handle. Even if a particular operating system allows a large number of
connections, each takes some amount of overhead to manage.
In order to service all 6150 terminals, we selected a 3-tier hardware
environment where the middle tier, using a TPM, acted as a terminal
concentrator. The high-end TPC-A architecture looked like the following.
The Application Servers, which contain the Pro*C statements used to
perform the transaction also run on the terminal concentrator machine
in order to offload as much work from the database serve as possible.
They send the compiled SQL over SQL*Net to the Oracle7 Server processes.
ORACLE7 TPS-A CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE
| Client | | Terminal | | Server |
| ________ | | Concentrator | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | |
| | Process|_|_____|__ _____ | | |
| |________| |Comm | | | | | | |
|____________| | | | | | | |
| |__| | | | |
____________ | | TPM | | | |
| Client | | ___| | _______ | | ________ _______ |
| ________ | | | | |_| |__|_______|__| Oracle | | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | | |Appl. | |SQL*Net| | Server |__| | |
| | Process|_|_____|_| |_____| |Server | | | | Process| | | |
| |________| |Comm | |_______| | | |________| | | |
|____________| | | | | | |
|_______________________| | | | |
| | | |
____________ _______________________ | |Oracle7| |
| Client | | Terminal | | |Server | |
| ________ | | Concentrator | | | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | | | |
| | Process|_|_____|__ _____ | | __________ | | |
| |________| |Comm | | | | _______ |SQL*Net| | Oracle | | | |
|____________| | | | |_| |__|_______|__| Server |__| | |
| |__| | |Appl. | | | | Process| | | |
____________ | | TPM | |Server | | | |________| |_______| |
| Client | | ___| | |_______| | | |
| ________ | | | | | | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | | | | |
| | Process|_|_____|_| |_____| | | |
| |________| |Comm | | | |
|____________| | | | |
|_______________________| |________________________|
Clients = 6150 Terminal concentrators = 17
TP Monitor instances = 17
Application server processes Oracle Server processes
= 17*8 = 17*8
The TPM is the software component of the terminal concentrator. In this role
it offloads terminal handling from the the machine running Oracle Server.
Since more than one terminal concentrator can be configured, whereas the
database in this case had to run on a single machine, concentrator machines
can be added until the performance of the back-end machine was optimized.
This three-tier solution resulted in the outstanding transaction throughput
announced with Oracle7 Server. Even with Oracle Parallel Server, it may pay
to offload the terminal handling so that the cluster can be exclusively used
for database operations.
Can you summarize the performance discussion for me?
Depending on the number of users required, different architectures may be
used in a client/server environment to maximize performance:
1) For a small number of users, the traditional Oracle two-task
architecture can be used. In this case, there is a one-to-one
correspondence between client processes and server processes. It's
simple, straightforward, and efficient.
2) For a large number of users, Multi Threaded Server might be a better
approach. Although some tuning may be required, Multi Threaded Server
can handle a relatively large number of users for each machine size
compared to the traditional Oracle approach. Using this approach,
customers will be able to handle many hundreds of users on many
platforms. Furthermore, current Oracle applications can move to this
environment without change.
3) For a very large number of users, where transactions are simple and
terminal input concentration is the overriding performance issue, a
3-tier architecture incorporating a TPM may be useful. In this case,
terminal concentration is handled by the TPM in the middle tier. As
     you might expect, it is a more complex environment requiring more
     system management. For existing Oracle customers, significant Oracle
application modifications will be required.
Oracle provides all of these choices.
Performance using Oracle's XA Library
=====================================
Are there any performance implications to using the XA library (in other
words, to using TPM-managed transactions)?
(1) The XA library imposes some performance penalty. You should use
TPM-managed transactions only if you actually need them. Even if you
are getting the one-phase commit optimization, the code path is
longer because we need to map back and forth between external
formats and internal ones. Also, prior to 7.1, XA requires you
to release all cursors at the end of a transaction, which results
in extra parsing. Even with shared cursors, there is time spent
looking up the one you need and re-validating it. This has been
improved for 7.1.
(2) If you need to use two-phase commit, this will incur additional cost
since extra I/Os are required. If you do need 2PC, you need to account
for that when sizing the application.
(3) Although some TPMs allow parallel execution of services (such as Tuxedo's
"tpacall"), this will not normally enhance performance unless different
resource managers are being used. In fact, Oracle Server must serialize
accesses to the same transaction by the same Oracle instance, and the
block/resume code will in fact degrade performance in that case compared
to running the services sequentially.

hello,
the role is the same on all plattforms. the reports server takes requests for running reports, spawns an engine that executes the request. in addition to that, the server also provides scheduling services and security features for the reports environment.
regards,
the oracle reports team

ORACLE SERVER AND UNIX TP MONITOR-1

제품 : ORACLE SERVER
작성날짜 : 2002-05-17
====================================================================
Subject: Oracle Server and UNIX Transaction Processing Monitors - 1
=====================================================================
PURPOSE
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
     o What is a Transaction Processing Monitor (TPM)?
     o What is the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model?
     o How does the Oracle Server works with TPMs?
     o How should I position TPMs with my customer?
     o What Oracle products must a customer purchase?
     o Where can my customer purchase a TPM?
     o Availability and packaging
Explanation & Example
What is a Transaction Processing Monitor?
=========================================
Under UNIX, a Transaction Processing Monitor (TPM) is a tool that coordinates
the flow of transaction requests between front-end client processes that issue
requests and back-end servers that process them. A TPM is used as
the "glue" to coordinate transactions that require the services of several
different types of back-end processes, such as application servers and
resource managers, possibly distributed over a network.
In a typical TPM environment, front-end client processes perform screen
handling and ask for services from back-end server processes via calls to the
TPM. The TPM then routes the requests to the appropriate back-end server
process or server processes, wherever they are located on the network. Through
configuration information, the TPM knows what services are available and where
they are located. Generally, the back-end server processes are specialized so
that each one handles one type of requested service. The TPM provides
location transparency as well and can send messages through the network
utilizing lower-level transport services such as TCP/IP or OSF DCE.
The back-end servers process the requests as necessary and
return the results back to the TP monitor. The TP monitor then routes
these results back to the original front-end client process.
A TPM is instrumental in the implementation of truly distributed processing.
Front-end clients and back-end processes have no knowledge of each
other. They operate as separate entities, and it is this concept that provides
flexibility in application development. Front-end and back-end processes are
developed in the UNIX client-server style, with each side optimized for its
particular task. Server functionality can be deployed in stages, which makes
it easy to add functionality as needed later in the product cycle. It also
makes it easy to distribute both the front-end and back-end processes
throughout the network on the most appropriate hardware for the job. In
addition, multiple back-end server processes of the same type might be
activated to handle increasing numbers of users.
What is the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model?
============================================================
The X/Open Transaction Processing working group has been working
for several years to establish a standard architecture to implement
distributed transaction processing on open systems. In late 1991,
X/Open published the initial Distributed Transaction Processing (DTP)
model specification and defined the first of several interfaces that
exist between the components of the model. Subsequently, other publications
and a revised model specification have been published.
An important function of the TPM in the X/Open DTP model is the
synchronization of any commits and rollbacks that are required to complete
a distributed transaction request. The Transaction Manager (TM) portion
of the TPM is the entity responsible for ordering when distributed commits
and rollbacks will take place. Thus, if a distributed application program
is written to take advantage of the TM portion of the TPM, then it,
and not the DBMS, becomes responsible for enabling the two-phase commit
process. Article 2 has more detail on this model.
How does the Oracle Server work with TPMs?
==========================================
When a TPM is used without invoking an X/Open TM component to manage the
transactions, Oracle Server needs no special functionality. The transaction
will be managed by Oracle itself. However, when the TPM X/Open TM component
is used to manage the transaction, the Oracle Server, that is the Oracle DBMS,
acts as a Resource Manager--a type of back-end process. In the case of
TPM-managed transactions, the TM needs a way to tell the RMs about the stages
of the transaction. This is done by a standard, X/Open defined interface
called XA. Article 2 of of this document gives more information about both
the X/Open model and Oracle7's use of XA.
Because the XA interface provides a standard interface between the TM and the
resource manager, it follows that the TM can communicate with any XA-compliant
resource manager (e.g., RDBMS), and, conversely, that a resource manager can
communicate with any XA-compliant TM. Thus, the Oracle Server, beginning with
Oracle7, works with any XA-compliant TM.
How should I position TPMs with my customer?
============================================
There's been a great deal of confusion about the need for TPM technology. Some
software suppliers, most notably IBM, will assert that a TPM like CICS is a
necessary requirement for high volume OLTP. Other vendors will assert that
there is seldom a need for such technology. And yet others promote TPMs as
providers of higher transaction throughput.
From Oracle's standpoint, customers might choose TPM technology under any of
the following conditions:
1. For heterogeneous database access, especially for 2PC capability
     This means that a TPM can be used to coordinate 2PC between Oracle
     DBMS and any other XA-compliant database, such as Informix. This
     does NOT provide SQL heterogeneity - SQL calls to Oracle DBMS may be
     different than SQL calls to Informix. The TPM handles the routing,
     communication, and two-phase commit portion of the transaction, but
     does not translate one type of SQL call into another.
2. For transaction monitoring and workload control
     The leading TPMs supply tools to actively manage the flow of
     transactions between clients and servers and to load balance the work
     load across all available processors on a network, not just on a
     single multi-processor system. Some TPMs also have the ability to
     dynamically bring up additional back-end services during peak work
     hours.
3. For more flexible application development and installation
     One of the key features of the DTP model is application modularity.
     Modularity, that is, the decomposition of a large program into small,
     easily defined, coded and maintained "mini-programs" makes it easy to
     add new functionality as needed. Modularity also makes it much easier
     to distribute the front-end and back-end processes and the resource
     managers across hardware throughout a network.
4. For isolating the client from details of the data model
By using the service oriented programming model, the client program
     is unaware of the data model. The service can be recoded to use a
     different one with no change to the client. To get this advantage,
     the application developer must explicitly code the server and client
     to fit the service model.
5. For connection of thousands of users
     TP Monitors, because of their three-tier architecture, can be used
     to connect users to an intermediate machine or machines, removing
     the overhead of handling terminal connections from the machine
     actually running the database. See Article 4 for more information.
There are also several cases where TPM technology is not the right answer.
These include:
1. If the customer is simply looking for a performance improvement
     The customer may have heard a theory that "higher performance
     is possible for large scale applications only if they use a
     TP monitor". First, no performance gain can be achieved for
     existing applications; in fact, they won't even run under a TP
     Monitor without recoding. Second, performance improvements have
     only been documented for large numbers of users, and "large"
     means many hundreds or thousands. Without a TP Monitor,
     Oracle Server can handle several hundred users with its normal
     two-task architecture and several times that using the Multi
     Threaded Server. For more on performance, see Article 4.
2. If the customer has made large investment in his existing Oracle
applications
     TP monitor applications must be designed from the ground up to take
     advantage of TP monitor technology. Current Oracle customers will find
     it difficult to "retrofit" a TP monitor to their existing applications.
     The Multi Threaded Server, on the other hand, allows the use of
     existing Oracle applications without change.
3. If the customer is committed to the Oracle tool set
     Currently, none of Oracle's front-end tools (Oracle Forms, etc.) is
     designed to work with TP monitors. It is possible to invoke a
     TP Monitor by using user exits. However, the fact that the TP
     Monitor model hides the data model from the client means that only
     the screen display parts of Forms can be used, not the automatic
     mapping from screen blocks to tables.
4. If the customer does not have a staff of experienced software engineers
     This is still very young technology for UNIX. There is not a lot of
knowledge in the industry on how to build TP monitor applications or
what techniques are most useful and which are not. Furthermore,
     integrating products from different vendors, even with the support
     of standard interfaces, is more complex than deploying an integrated
     all-Oracle solution. Because TP monitor technology is fairly
     complex, we recommend that you let the TP monitor supplier promote
     the virtues of their technology and differentiate themselves from
     their competitors.
What Oracle products must a customer purchase?
==============================================
If your customer is only interested in building Oracle-managed TP Monitor
transactions, the only Oracle products required are the Oracle Server
and the appropriate Oracle precompiler for whatever language the
application is being written in--most likely C or Cobol. If TPM-managed
transactions are required, the Oracle7 Server with the distributed option
is also required. SQL*Net is optional because the TPM takes care of the
network services. Article 2 describes when you would choose to have the TP
Monitor manage the transactions.
Where can my customer purchase a TPM?
=====================================
There are many vendors offering the UNIX TPM products. (Oracle does not
relicense TPMs.) Information on the most well known products is provided
below:
The following support XA:
Product & Vendor     FCS          Known OS/Platform Ports
"TUXEDO System/T"     1986          UNIX SVR4 & SVR3: Amdahl, AT&T,
UNIX System Laboratories          Bull, Compaq, Dell, Fujitsu, ICL,
190 River Road                    Motorola, Olivetti, Pyramid,Sequent,
Summit, NJ 07901               Sun, Toshiba, Unisys, NCR, Stratus
                         Other: IBM AIX, HP/UX, DEC Ultrix
"TOP END"      1992          UNIX SVR4: NCR
NCR Corporation
1334 S. Patterson Blvd.
Dayton, OH 45479
"ENCINA"          1992          IBM AIX, HP, Sun (SunOS and Solaris)
Transarc Corporation               Other: OS/2, DOS, HP-UX, STRATUS
707 Grant Street (Depends on DCE)
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
"CICS/6000" 1993          AIX: IBM
IBM Corporation                    (Depends on DCE)
"CICS 9000" 1994          HP-UX
HP
The following do not currently support XA:
Product & Vendor     FCS          Known OS/Platform Ports
"VIS/TP"          unknown          unknown
VISystems, Inc.
11910 Greenville Avenue
Dallas, TX 75243
"UniKix"          1990          UNIX: ARIX, AT&T, NCR, Pyramid,
UniKix                     Sequent, Sun, Unisys
"MicroFocus           1993          SCO Unix, AIX
Transaction System"
Micro Focus
26 West Street
Newbury RG13 1JT
UK
There are also several third parties who are reselling the products listed
above.
In addition, Groupe Bull, Digital, Siemens-Nixdorf, and several other hardware
vendors are planning to redesign their proprietary TPMs to be XA-compliant and
suitable for use on UNIX systems.
Availability and Packaging
==========================
On what platforms is the XA Library available?
Oracle provides the XA interface with Oracle7 Server on all platforms that
support an XA-compliant TPM. Support for XA is included as part of the
Oracle7 Server distributed option and has no extra charge in and of itself.
Which version of XA does Oracle Server support?
Oracle7 Server supports the Common Application Environment (CAE) version of
XA, based on the specification published by X/Open in late 1991. It will
require that the TM also be at that level. This means Tuxedo /T version 4.2,
for example.
Oracle Server supports all required XA functions. There are some optional
features Oracle Server does not support, such as asynchronous operation.
None of those options affect application programming.
Page (2/4)
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
     o Oracle Server Working with UNIX TPMs
     o TPM Application Architecture
The questions answered in part 2 provide additional detail to the information
provided in part 1.
Oracle Server Working with UNIX TP Monitors
===========================================
Do I need XA to use Oracle Server with TPMs? If I don't use it, what are
the consequences?
There are a number of real applications running today with Oracle Server and
TPMs but not using XA. To use a TPM with Oracle without using XA, the user
would write an "application server" program which could handle one or more
"services". For example, a server program might handle a service called
"debit_credit". The key requirement is that the entire transaction,
including the "commit work", must be executed within a single service. This
is the restriction which XA will remove, as we'll see later. Each
server process can serially handle requests on behalf of different clients.
Because a server process can handle many client processes, this can
reduce the total number of active processes on the server system,
thereby reducing resource requirements and possibly increasing overall
throughput.
When Oracle is used with a TPM in this mode, we call it an Oracle-managed
transaction since the transaction commit or rollback is done with a SQL
statement.
What is XA? How does XA help Oracle7 work with UNIX TPMs?
XA is an industry standard interface between a Transaction Manager and a
Resource Manager. A Resource Manager (RM) is an agent which
controls a shared, recoverable resource; such a resource can be
returned to a consistent state after a failure. For example, Oracle7 Server
is an RM and uses its redo log and undo segments to be able to do this.
A Transaction Manager (TM) manages a transaction including the
commitment protocol and, when necessary, the recovery after a failure.
Normally, Oracle Server acts as its own TM and manages its own commitment
and recovery. However, using a standards-based TM allows Oracle7 to
cooperate with other heterogeneous RMs in a single transaction.
The commonly used TPMs include a TM component for this purpose. In order to
use the TM capability of the TPM rather than Oracle7's own transaction
management, the application uses a transaction demarcation API (called TX)
provided by the TPM rather than the SQL transaction control statements (e.g.
"commit work"). For each TX call, the TM then instructs all RMs, by the
appropriate XA commands, to follow the two-phase commit protocol. We
call this a TPM-managed transaction.
The following picture shows these interfaces within a monolithic application
program model. This is the model most commonly described in the
DTP literature. We'll see later what the picture looks like when we add
Oracle7 and when we switch to a modularized client-server application
program model.
          | |
          | |
          | Application Program (AP) |
          | |
          | |
               | | |                    |
Resource Manager API | | | |
(e.g. SQL) -----|--|------------- | TX API
          | | v |          |
          --------|-------------     |          |
          | v | | v
     ---------------------- | | --------------------
     | | | | | |
     | Resource | | |<----->| Transaction |
     | Managers | |--- | Manager |
     | (RMs) | |<-------->| (TM) |
     | |--- | |
     | |<----------->| |
     ---------------------- XA --------------------
                    Interface
The XA interface is an interface between two system components, not
an application program interface; the application program does
not write XA calls nor need to know the details of this interface.
The TM cannot do transaction coordination without the assistance of
the RM; the XA interface is used to get that assistance.
How does the DTP Model support client-server?
The above picture was actually simplified to make it easier to explain
the role of XA. In a true distributed transaction architecture, there
are multiple applications, each with an Application Program, a Resource
Manager, and a Transaction Manager. The applications communicate by
using a Communication Resource Manager. The CRM is generally provided
as a component of the TPM. It includes the transaction information when
it sends messages between applications, so that both applications can
act of behalf of the same transaction. The following picture
illustrates this:
Client Application
| AP |
||| | |
SQL ||| | TX | CRM
||V V | API
-||-- ----- |
| |V | | | V
--|-- |<---| | -----
| V || | | | |
----- |<----| TM |<-->| CRM |
| || | |XA+ | |
| RMs |<-----| | -----
| | XA | | A
----- ----- | Server Application
| -----------------------------
| | AP |
| -----------------------------
| ||| | |
| SQL ||| | TX | CRM
| ||V V | API
| -||-- ----- |
| | |V | | | V
| --|-- |<---| | -----
| | V || | | | |
| ----- |<----| TM |<-->| CRM |
| | || | |XA+ | |
| | RMs |<-----| | -----
| | | XA | | A
| ----- ----- |
| |
| |
-------- |
/ |
/ |
/ |
Most TP Monitor products include both a TM and a CRM, and also provide
additional functions such as task scheduling and workload monitoring.
What is XA+? What does Oracle need to do to comply with it?
XA+ is an interface that lets the X/Open model actually be distributed
because it allows a communication resource manager to tell a TM on the
server that a message from a client just came in for a particular
transaction. Oracle is not currently planning to provide an X/Open
communication resource manager, so we don't have any plans right now
to do XA+. Version 2 of the DTP model paper from X/Open describes it.
The status of the current XA+ specification is "snapshot".
When would I choose an Oracle-managed transaction vs a TPM-managed
transaction?
Oracle Server is very efficient at managing its own transactions. If
the TPM manages the transaction, in general some additional overhead
will be incurred.
The two main reasons a customer might prefer to use a TPM-managed
transaction are as follows:
(1) He may need to update RMs from different vendors. Experience so far
has been that the most common case is wanting to update both Oracle and
a TP Monitor managed resource such as a transactional queuing service
in the same transaction (see Article 3).
(2) He may want to use the model of having several different services in
a transaction, even to the same database. For example, the
"debit_credit" service could be split into a "debit" service and a
"credit" service. This is a very attractive model, but this type of
modularity does exact a performance penalty (see Article 4).
Can I get a version of XA to run on Oracle Server version 6?
No, the XA functionality uses two underlying mechanisms in the Oracle
Server which are not available in version 6: two-phase commit and
session switching. The upi calls for these functions do not not exist
in version 6.
When would I use XA vs Oracle7 to coordinate all-Oracle distributed
transactions?
Generally speaking, Oracle Server should be used to coordinate all-Oracle
distributed transactions. The main reason for using XA to coordinate
transactions would be that you want to use the TP Monitor service-oriented
architecture. That is, you would like to construct an application built of
services and service requests in order to benefit from the modularity and
workload control such an environment provides.
TP Monitor Application Architecture
===================================
What might a TP Monitor application look like?
Most TPM applications will consist of two more more programs, where
there are front-end client programs which request services and back-end
server programs which provide services. In this case, the TPM supplies an
additional capability which is transactional communication. The client
describes the boundaries of the transaction, through the use of the TX API,
and the TPM relays that transaction information to each requested service.
The overall application structure generally looks like the following in the
client-server model. The "TP Monitor Services" box is not necessarily a
process. It could be one or more processes, or just libraries coordinating
through shared memory. Each client process and server process could be on
a different machine. Normally, the application server processes would be
connected to their Oracle Server processes using the IPC driver; the TPM
would be used to deliver messages between application client processes on
one machine and application server processes on another. However, the
application server processes could also be connected with the standard
Oracle SQL*Net to shadow processes on different machines. This might be
useful if one of the databases was on a machine which did not support TPMs.
|Application| |Application| |Application|
| Client 1 | | Client 2 | | Client 3 |
| | | | | |
\ TPM API | TPM API / TPM API
| |
| TP Monitor Services |
| |
     | --------------------- |
| | Transaction Manager | |
---------------|---------------|---------------------
TPM API | | XA | XA | TPM API
| | inter- | inter- |
          | | face | face |
          | | | |
----------- | | -----------
|Application| | | |Application|
| Server 1 |--- ---| Server 2 |
| (Pro*C) | | | | (Pro*C) |
| SQL | SQL
| | | |
| Resource ----------- ----------- |
| Manager | | | | |
| | Oracle7 | | Oracle7 | |
| | Server | | Server | |
| | Process | | Process | |
| | | | | |
| ----------- ----------- |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | SGA | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------------------------- |
| |
Application client programs might be written in C and be linked with
TPM libraries. Alternatively, they could use a screen painter product.
Application server programs would be written in Pro*C or Pro*COBOL and
be linked with TPM libraries, the normal Oracle7 user-side libraries
and libxa.a. The Oracle7 Server process is the regular Oracle7 executable.
More complicated application architectures can also be constructed. Most of
the TPMs allow a server to become a client of another service, so you can
involve additional servers.
Could I use Oracle7's Multi Threaded Server as the SQL*Net connection in the
previous picture?
Yes, but that will not be needed in many cases. For example, both
application server processes in the previous picture could talk to a
single Oracle7 Server process through the Multi Threaded Server in the
previous picture. However, since the TPM architecture typically reduces
the number of server processes, the reduction in processes using Multi
Threaded Server may be less significant than in an architecture without
TPMs. If the application will use database links, however, then MTS will
be required.
How do I write an Oracle TP Monitor application?
The actual API used to talk to the TPM varies between vendors, so you need
to get the documentation from the vendor. However, all have a way to
indicate where a transaction begins and ends and a way to send a request
and receive a response from a client to a server. Some use an RPC model,
some use a pseudo-RPC model, and some use a send/receive model. The TX API
described earlier is a subset of the TPM API as defined by each of
the TPM providers.
The client program and server program might look something like the
following examples. We h (such as Tuxedo's
"tpacall
Reference Ducumment
---------------------

hello,
the role is the same on all plattforms. the reports server takes requests for running reports, spawns an engine that executes the request. in addition to that, the server also provides scheduling services and security features for the reports environment.
regards,
the oracle reports team

Where should one install Oracle Database and the Grid Infrastructure in order to adhere to OFA?

I've downloaded the two zipped install folders for Oracle Database, and the two zipped install folders for the Grid Infrastructure. The book I'm following for installation says to use one directory for the database, and one directory for the Grid Infrastructure, but it doesn't explain where they should be located in OFA. Presumably they should both end up somewhere in the same Oracle Base (since everything Oracle related on a single file system should go in the same base, according to my understanding), but it isn't clear where they should be installed in relation to each other. For example, is the Grid Infrastructure a separate product that gets its own Oracle Home? Can anyone shed light on this process?
Also, does it matter to which location the zipped files are unzipped? For example, are any of these files used after the installation process, or does OFA only care about post-installation location?

I think this links may be helpful -- ORACLE-BASE - Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC On Oracle Linux 5.8 Using VirtualBox, http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-088677.html.
OFA -- Optimal Flexible Architecture standard. The standard is a set of configuration guidelines created to ensure well organized Oracle installations that are easier to maintain (http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/install.111/b32002/app_ofa.htm#LADBI440).
It relates to location of the grid and dbms files location. Actually you should specify base directory and follow installer. System will be installed in correct directories.
It does not matter where you will unzip your distributives. You may delete them after installation to free space.

Running oracle forms and reports on the web

can any one help me out....
I have oracle 9i database as back end and oracle forms & reports 6i which was running on client server architecture. Now i want to deploy all my forms on web so that it runs on internet explorer . For all these things to happen what all upgradation i need to do.... . Do i need to upgrade my back end database and with what i have to replace my oracle forms 6i. pls tell in detail. I am using windows XP as my operating system and my disk space is 160GB and RAM is 1GB.

The process of upgrading Forms to the web can be found here: otn.oracle.com/formsupgrade.
You will also need to confirm the version you are upgrading to supports the database version - if you have support from Oracle you can check this out on metalink.oracle.com (and navigate to certifications).
Of course, the documentation is also a good place to start - otn.oracle.com/products/forms and navigate to documentation.

Help on Oracle feauture and "architecture"

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