Help working with Dates

Question

I have a spreadsheet with a ton of data in it from various years (2010 - 2014).  A sample of data is below:
Date
Name
Type
Finished
1/12/12
Jim
Customer
(Check Box Checked)
3/1/13
Chris
Vendor
(Check Box Checked)
4/1/13
James
Customer
Check Box Checked
5/1/14
Jim
Vendor
Check Box NOT Checked
6/1/14
Seth
Vendor
Check Box NOT Checked
Basically I am looking to do multiple queries on this spreadsheet.
1.  How many entries  for 2012 are "Finished" (or check box is checked) where "Type = Customer"
2.  How many entries for "Type=Customer" exist between the dates 1/1/13 and 4/28/13
3.  Is there a way to break down the dates by "Quarters", Jan - Mar, Apr-Jun, etc... then report specifics about that data.
My biggest hurdle has been how to insert the "Date" into the logic.  Is it with an IF statement, is it some other type of function.
Any help is greatly appreciated.
Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

Its all possible,  Some can be achieved by using the built-in filters (top right).  Some cannot be achieced using the filters and can be achieved using a summary table.
This may be a good start:
Create a new table titled "Summary".  Set up as shown.
cell B1 is a checkbox
cell B2 and B3 contain start and stop dates (if applicable)
cell B4 is a pop up menu containg the following items:
Cell B5 is also a pop-up menu and contains:
Now in your original table add three new columns (which you can hide later, and shown in the first picture I posted):
E2=AND(OR(AND(Summary::$B$1,A2≤Summary::$B$3, A2≥Summary::$B$2), Summary::$B$1=FALSE), COUNTA(A2)>0)
this is shorthand for... select cell E2, then type (or copy and paste from here) the formula:
=AND(OR(AND(Summary::$B$1,A2≤Summary::$B$3, A2≥Summary::$B$2), Summary::$B$1=FALSE), COUNTA(A2)>0)
F2=OR(C2=Summary::$B$4 , Summary::$B$4="Do Not Care")
G2=OR(AND(D2=Summary::$B$5, Summary::$B$5≠"Do Not Care"), Summary::$B$5="Do Not Care")
select E2 thru G2, copy
now select columns E, F and G by clicking on the column header for column E (the "E" at the very top), then hold the shift key while clicking the the column header for column G
now unselect cells E1 thru G1 by holding the command key, while single clicking cells E1, then F1, then G1
paste
Back in the summary table:
B8=COUNTIFS(Table 4::E, TRUE, Table 4::F, TRUE, Table 4::G,TRUE)