How Can I COMPLETELY Restore My Macbook/Recover My Lost Bootcamp?

Question

Hey guys,
I'm new to the forums but have been snooping around reading topics on my issue for a while. I haven't found any solutions so I decided to actually post.
I have a late 2008 unibody Macbook (250 GB, 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo, 4 GB 1067 MHz DDR3, NVIDIA GeForce 9400m, etc.) that I bootcamped with Windows 7 64 bit about six months ago. I did this so I could use some coding environments and other applications for school that were only available on Windows as well as some gaming. Everything worked great. I had allocated 130 of my 250 GB hard drive to the Windows side to allow for more space for games and such. It was all great and I could easily switch between the two using the keyboard startup disk shortcut.
...Until I upgraded my OS X side to Mavericks...
I had switched back over to the OS X side to upgrade to Mavericks. I did it, it worked smoothly, whatever whatever. After upgrading I wanted to switch back to Windows, and the Windows partition was unavailable. I couldn't boot into it through the Startup Disk in System Preferences or using the keyboard shortcut. It simply disappeared. I freaked out.
After checking my Disk Utility, my Windows partition had changed it's name to something like "disk0s4" or something like that. It was unaccesable through any method on the OS X side, but the 130 GB of space was still being taken up by something (Bootcamp I presume). I couldn't get to it. It's honestly not that big of a stress, as all my school documents and stuff is stored on Dropbox in the cloud, but it still really bothers me. Of my 250 GB hard drive I can only use 120 GB of it. I don't care about the Windows side anymore. I just want to restore the 130 GB of space to the OS X side and start over.
I read online somewhere about someone with a similar problem after upgrading to Mavericks, and their solution was to COMPLETELY wipe the HDD and start over loading Mac OS X from a disk. Honestly if this is the only solution, I'll do it. I can always re-bootcamp and re-download software.
Since all my important documents and stuff are stored on the cloud, there's nothing too important on my hard drive right now (Mac side or Windows).
Here are some screenshots of what my Disk Utility looks like:
Any solutions or help to completely reset my computer or recover that 130 GB back to the OS X side would be GREATLY appreciated! Thanks, guys!

Answer 1

Clone Mavericks, Lion/Mountain Lion using Restore Option of Disk Utility
Boot to the Recovery HD:
Restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the COMMAND and R keys until the menu screen appears. Alternatively, restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the OPTION key until the boot manager screen appears. Select the Recovery HD and click on the downward pointing arrow button.
     1. Select Disk Utility from the main menu then press the Continue
         button.
     2. Select the destination volume from the left side list.
     3. Click on the Restore tab in the DU main window.
     4. Select the destination volume from the left side list and drag it
         to the Destination entry field.
     5. Select the source volume from the left side list and drag it to
         the Source entry field.
     6. Double-check you got it right, then click on the Restore button.
Destination means the external backup drive. Source means the internal startup drive.
Boot Using OPTION key:
  1. Restart the computer.
  2. Immediately after the chime press and hold down the
      "OPTION" key.
  3. Release the key when the boot manager appears.
  4. Select the external disk icon from which you want to boot.
  5. Click on the arrow button below the icon.
Drive Partition and Format of the Internal Drive
1. Open Disk Utility in your Utilities folder.
2. After DU loads select your internal hard drive (this is the entry with the mfgr.'s ID and size) from the left side list. Click on the Partition tab in the DU main window.
3. Under the Volume Scheme heading set the number of partitions from the drop down menu to one. Click on the Options button, set the partition scheme to GUID then click on the OK button. Set the format type to Mac OS Extended (Journaled.) Click on the Apply button and wait until the process has completed.
Restore Clone from External Drive
Boot to the Recovery HD:
Restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the COMMAND and R keys until the menu screen appears. Alternatively, restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the OPTION key until the boot manager screen appears. Select the Recovery HD and click on the downward pointing arrow button.
     1. Select Disk Utility from the main menu then press the Continue
         button.
     2. Select the destination volume from the left side list.
     3. Click on the Restore tab in the DU main window.
     4. Select the destination volume from the left side list and drag it
         to the Destination entry field.
     5. Select the source volume from the left side list and drag it to
         the Source entry field.
     6. Double-check you got it right, then click on the Restore button.
Destination means the Internal drive. Source means the External drive.
Open Startup Disk preferences. Select the internal disk drive, click on the Restart button.