How can I improve vocals.....?

Hello All,
Now I'm not a phoneticist so I'm going to have to try to explain my problem as best I can...
When recording a vocal track the lyrics begining with a "hard" sound (e.g b in basket, p in park, th- in think) are accentuated so they sound harsh & frequently push the volume register into the red. I have tried singin further away from the mic, but that means it's harder to hear the vocals (unsurprisingly)
Is there anyway of getting round this? On videos of that I've seen of recording artists in the studio there is a kind of black circular apparatus in front of the mic in the direction they are singing. Is this to cut down on this phenomena?
Has anything I've written made sense??
Thanks anyway!

The vocal technique for live performance is to move away from or closer to the microphone for loud and soft passages to level out the dynamics. However, using the same technique to record vocals in the studio requires the audio engineer to ride the vocal fader up and down to track the vocal with a consistent level. It is actually better to have the vocalist not move in and out from the mic in the studio and run the vocals through a compressor when tracking vocals. The compressor will take care of the dynamics.
A compressor works by decreasing the the dynamic range and making loud vocal passages softer and soft passages louder to better accommodate the touchy recording levels used in digital audio to avoid clipping distortion. The best type of compressor to use for tracking vocals in the studio is a vacuum tube compressor. The second best for tracking vocals in the studio is an optical (optoisolater) compressor. The third is a VCA (voltage controlled amplifier) compressor. The compresor in GarageBand is a good place to start when recording studio vocals, unless one would desire to use one of the external compressors mentioned above. After tracking the vocals in the studio with a compressor to decrease the dynamic range and level the recording, run the vocals through a downward expander (a type of noise gate) to expand the dynamic range. This technique will result in fantastic sounding vocal recordings.

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