How do I Convert a  Tiff image to a jpeg without being FORCED to 8-bit Color?

I am an Artist.  I have High quality TIFF images.  When I convert the tiffs to jpeg it forces me into 8-bit color automatically. (Forget about 32bit - it will not allow me to jpeg that at all)   The only way I can get back to 16bit color is to use the already SMAshed file and bring it up to 16bit.  THIS makes NO sense.  Once the jpeg is smashed, HOw in the world is it supposed to convert up again. ??  Then even though it says you converted the file to 16 -bit , the metadata refers still to the file as 8-bit.
On top of all of that confusion, One picture, for example, when supposedly converted to 16bit,  gets much BRighter then even the original Tiff image.  It looks good on one hand and over exposed on the other.  I assume that is photoshop throwing in fake resolution, am I right?
Am I wasting my time with this imaginary 16bit conversion?
Is there ANY way to take that original Tiff image and convert it to 16bit jpeg without the Default 8bit?  I have been trying all kinds of things.  I even have asked my web guy.  My web guy says that 8-bit is unexceptable for printing, even for web.
Could this have anything to do with my computer and scanner?
I have the iMAC OS X 10.8.3 (3.2 GHz) 8 GB memory.
And I also have an Epson Expression 10000XL graphic arts scanner capable of scanniing at 48bit color.
This color stuff Really matters!  It MATTERS!  I HAve FINE art files.  I am already losing so much quality with the jpeg conversion. (which I am required to do for SmugMug, in addition to compressing all my files to 50mb or Under)
Anyone who knows anything that could help me would be much appreciated. 
Aloha,
-Melissa

First of all jpeg is 8 bit only there is no way to save as a 16 or 32 bit jpg, just does not exist. Secondly people print in 8 bit all the time and most if not all web graphics are in 8 bit as that is the only way to view it as there is no 16 bit or 32 bit monitors to view it. All but a few pro monitors are 8 bit monitors.
If you care about the color gamut and want the full range of color that 16 and 32 bit provide, then why jpg? Jpg by its own nature throws out color just to compress, thats why it is popular on the web, because of its small file size not its quality. If you need 16 or 32 bit for anything it must be in a format that supports that color depth.
That being said a jpg image at 8 bit will display 16+ million colors,  256 shades of red, 256 shades of green and 256 shades of blue.
Now here is where I think your bit information is off. a jpg image is a 24 bit image that will produce 8 bits of red, 8 bits of green and 8 bits of blue.
The 8, 16 and 32 are per channel not total color information.
If the overall image was 8 bits, the image would be gayscale.

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