How Do I Know If All Email Deleted is Really Deleted?

I use a mid 2012 Mac Pro; run Mavericks, Mail 7.3.  How do I know if all email deleted is really deleted from my hard drive?

How deleted do you need it to be?
QuickTimeKirk says it may never have been stored on your Mac.  This assumes your mail connection is via IMAP, which keeps the mail on the mail server.
If you were using POP connection for mail, then your mail would be stored in
Finder -> Go -> Go to folder -> ~/Library/Mail
and
Finder -> Go -> Go to folder -> ~/Library/Mail Downloads
Any file deleted, will just have its name in the directory removed, and the storage given back to the file system to reuse at a future date.  Until the file system gets around to reusing the storage, it will still have the contents of the email written on it.
If you are using System Preferences -> Security -> FileVault, then the deleted storage will just be encrypted random bits.  Otherwise, it may be possible to recovery the email with the right specialized tools and enough time and money, right up until the storage is reused for another file (and even then with a lot more money and time, it may be possible to recover the email; when I say a lot more money, I really a whole bunch of money).
You can use Disk Utility to "Erase Free Space".  This cause Disk Utility create a file, then grow that file until all the unused storage, including your deleted email are allocated to this file.  The file is overwritten with an erase pattern, and then Disk Utility deletes the file, and now all the unused storage contains a random bunch of erase pattern bits in them.
If you are using an SSD (Solid State Disk), then due to the way SSD storage is managed, it is next to impossible to insure that the data is erased, and because SSD's have a limited number of writes before they start to fail, Disk Utility does no provide the Erase Free Space option, so as not to prematurely shorten the life of the SSD.  With an SSD the only way to be sure something cannot be recovered is to keep the disk encrypted using System Preferences -> Security -> FileVault.  And you would have had to do that BEFORE the email was written to the SSD, not after.
So, how deleted do you need it to be?

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