How does iTunes know I moved files

When I move files or even complete folders from within the iTunes Media folder to a location outside the media folder using the Finder, iTunes seems to know I did this. It doesn't matter if iTunes was running or not it just knows the files are moved and can still find them.
This is very neat but how does it work?

I don't know, but it only works on a Mac.  If you do that with iTunes for Windows, it immediately loses the files, and renders them unplayable until you manually reassociate to the new location.

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