How does Time Machine handle alias files on the backup volume?

I have been trying to find some info on how Time Machine handles alias files on the backup volume, but can't find anything on that topic. Neither here in this discussion or at the Apple support pages.
My concern is if an alias file on the backup volume is backed up »as is«, or if it is resolved and the original file is backed up? The last would be most annoying as this will make the size of the backup much larger.
Even though I do not know of folders having been renamed (which will cause that folder and all its content to be backed up again) Time Machine often backs up a surprisingly large amount of data, so I suspect that alias files could be resolved.
Any info on this will be appreciated.

Alias files are NOT followed, AFAIK.
For more info on how TM works, see this ars technica review.
Good luck!
Message was edited by: joshz

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How does Time Machine handle large files?

I'm relatively new at the whole Time Capsule / Time Machine process and have learned that large files (eg aperture library) are backed up each time there is a change and this can lead to the TC filling up quicker than normal.
How does this work with daily and weekly backups?
For example, if my aperture library is, say 1Gb and I import a load of photos from my camera and this goes up to 2Gb. I've learned that I should disable time machine while I'm in Aperture (or at least before 10.6...not sure now). So given I've done that, imported the files to Aperture but want to edit them later and ultimately move them into iPhoto to keep the Aperture album small.
When I turn back on Time Machine, the next hourly backup will know the library has changed and will back it up, this will go on until a day backup has been taken - this deletes the 24 hourly backups? or does it merge them?
If I then do the editing the following week, then export the photos and the library is now back to 1Gb again....backed up hourly/daily/weekly etc what am I left with??
Do I have an original, the 2GB version and the new 1Gb version...ie 4Gb......is there a cunning way I can work to change the files within a week so only one of the changes is in the backup?

Orpheus999 wrote:
When I turn back on Time Machine, the next hourly backup will know the library has changed and will back it up, this will go on until a day backup has been taken - this deletes the 24 hourly backups? or does it merge them?
The Time Machine panel of System Preferences says this:
Time Machine keeps
- Hourly backup for the past 24 hours
- Daily backups for the past month
- Weekly backups until your backup disk is full
Each time Time Machine runs it creates what appears to be an entirely new backup set, although it does this in a way that doesn't require it to copy files that have already been copied. So merging isn't necessary. Another effect of how it operates is that each unique version of a file (as opposed to packages of files) only exists on the backup volume once.
According to the contents of my Time Machine backup file, hourly backups are literally kept for 24 hours, not until the next "daily" backup. For a "daily" backup, it seems to keep the oldest "hourly" backup for a day.
If I then do the editing the following week, then export the photos and the library is now back to 1Gb again....backed up hourly/daily/weekly etc what am I left with??
Do I have an original, the 2GB version and the new 1Gb version...ie 4Gb......is there a cunning way I can work to change the files within a week so only one of the changes is in the backup?
You might be able to exclude those files from being backed up at certain times, but I can't be sure this would result in older copied of those files being retained.

How does time machine handle deleted files

I've recently grown into a 1.5TB external hard drive where I back up my iMac through Time Machine. I'm a photography hobbyist who does a lot of processing work on my photos in Photoshop, therefore I'm regularly generating sizable data to back up.
My question is, using some hypothetical numbers:
Pretend I create 50GB of new data by importing a lot of photos onto my iMac, then Time Machine does it's thing before I can decide what photos I want to keep or trash. I later go back and edit my photo catalog and decide I only want to keep 1/2 of photos from that previous import, reducing that data to only 25GB. Will Time Machine keep those old pictures on my external drive, even though I deleted them from my iMac? Will Time Machine ever recognize I threw away those files, assume I don't want them, and overwrite them? Or is Time Machine going to keep using my my external drive to back up everything until I used up all of the externals space?
Message was edited by: Michael Streubert

Understanding how TM deletes things can be difficult, but I'll try to summarize it:
-TM will back up your system every hour.
-After 24 hours, TM will delete all but one of the 24 previous hourly backups. The one it decides to keep will become your "daily" backup. You have no control over which of those 24 backups it will select to keep as the daily.
-After 30 days, TM will start to delete the old daily backups too. It will keep 4 of the last 30 backups, one for each week.
-After your TM disk fills up, it will start to delete old backups to make room for new ones.
So, after you delete them from your main HD, the length of time that they kept on the TM drive can vary. If the files existed for only a few hours, then there is a good chance that they will be purged from the backups the following day. Or they might be kept for weeks or months, depending on if TM decided to keep those backups as the daily or weekly. It's kind of a crap shoot.
If the files existed on your main hard drive for between one and seven days, then they will remain on your TM backup drive for at least a month. After that they are at risk of being purged out.
If the files existed for more than a week, they will stay on your TM drive until it fills up. After that, they are at risk of being deleted.
I hope this helps.

How does Time Machine Handle separate Boot and User Volumes?

I recently installed an SSD and set it up as my boot drive, and I'm using another hard drive for my Home folder, if I ever run into a scenario that I need to restore my entire system, how will Time Machine handle it?
Will it restore my system back to the drives that they came off of?, in other words will my Boot volume be restored back to the SSD and my Home folder back to the hard drive, or will it restore everything back on the one disk it asks me to select before I click restore?

Michael Hoover wrote:
Ok, so if I tried to access a backup from booting with the Snow Leopard install disk I won't be able to select which volume I need to restore?
You would restore the OSX volume via the procedure in #14 of [Time Machine - Frequently Asked Questions|http://web.me.com/pondini/Time_Machine/FAQ.html] (or use the link in *User Tips* at the top of this forum).
You would restore the data-only volume separately, via the "Star Wars" display, per #15 in the FAQ.
I guess I would be better off doing incremental backups with Carbon Copy Cloner on 2 partitions on the same volume.
That would also take two separate operations to restore. (It would be a good idea to do such backups +*in addition+* to Time Machine backups, in case there's a problem with either disk drive or backup app, or a user error like erasing the wrong disk.)
Your scenario is actually quite unlikely; you'd rarely need to restore both volumes at once. If the SSD fails, you'd only need to restore it; if the HD fails, you'd only need to restore that.
It would get a bit more complicated if you get a new Mac, especially one with a single volume. That's one of the reasons it's a good idea to keep at least a minimal Admin account on the OSX volume.

How does Time Machine handle multiple profiles?

Hello,
I have an IMac with 3 users, does time machine handle all users?
2 users are admins, but when i change users the time machine does not handle well the external drive.
Can you give some info in this matter.
Thanks
Nuno

It should work fine. All of my machines have multiple users. What problems are you having?

How does Time Machine handle renamed folders

I am trying to free up some space on my external hard drive that I back up to via Time Machine. I am browsing the backups via the TM "Star Wars" UI deleting some backups I don't need anymore. I notice I have on directory in particular that is around 50 GB, but has been renamed several times, from "Motion Pictures" to "Films" to "My Movies". If I select "delete all backups" of, say, "Motion Pictures, will it delete ALL of these backups even though their name was changed, or only the backups that correspond to the name "Motion Pictures"? (The path of the directory has never changed it has always been in my "movies" folder i.e. ~/Movies/Films or ~/Movies/Motion Pictures". Please only respond if you are 100% sure of this, not an educated guess, as I do not want to lose all of this data.
Thanks for your help!

It should work fine. All of my machines have multiple users. What problems are you having?

How does Time Machine handle renamed folder

I am trying to free up some space on my external hard drive that I back up to via Time Machine. I am browsing the backups via the TM "Star Wars" UI deleting some backups I don't need anymore. I notice I have on directory in particular that is around 50 GB, but has been renamed several times, from "Motion Pictures" to "Films" to "My Movies". If I select "delete all backups" of, say, "Motion Pictures, will it delete ALL of these backups even though their name was changed, or only the backups that correspond to the name "Motion Pictures"? (The path of the directory has never changed it has always been in my "movies" folder i.e. ~/Movies/Films or ~/Movies/Motion Pictures". Please only respond if you are 100% sure of this, not an educated guess, as I do not want to lose all of this data.
Thanks for your help!

It should work fine. All of my machines have multiple users. What problems are you having?

How does time machine handle initial backup after upgrading to Yosemite?

HI All,
I'm wondering if Time machine will create a "new" full backup of the system after I upgrade to Yosemite.
I'm trying to make sure I can backout (revert to previous backup of Mavericks) of the upgrade should I run into trouble.
Thanks,
Eddy817

besides restoring just one file, that is what Time machine DOES. See this article:
Time Machine - Frequently Asked Questions -- 14. How do I restore my entire system?
If you are deeply concerned, you may want make a copy of your entire system before updating (Clone your old system) or Install onto a Blank drive and add your files to that.
If you make NO preparation and do not have a Backup, the only way to install a previous versions is to do so onto a Blank drive. Also, you must have PURCHASED (even for $0) a copy of Mavericks, or it will not be available for re-download.

How does Time Machine handle disconnected external media drive ?

I have an external drive connected to my iMac, and backup to a Time Capsule.
I prefer not to keep that external media drive connected all the time...
When I disconnect that external media drive and Time Machine runs, does TM perceive this as "deleted"?
With that drive disconnected, does TM then "release" the prior media drive backup and replace it as it needs space?
When I reconnect the external Media Drive, does TM see it as "new" or recognize it as the prior data and (presuming it's not over-written it) simply manage it incrementally?
Ultimately - do I need to either ensure that the external media drive is always available to use TM, or do I run the risk of screwy / uncertain behavior if it is sometimes present, sometimes not.
Gosh I hope that was clear for you experts out there ;-)
D

an external drive backed up to a TM would forever be retained in the TM... never flushed,
Correct. Except.......if the backup drive is close to becoming full, Time Machine will start to delete the oldest backups to make room for new backups.
So, if you have been backing up the external drive for the last year, and the backup drive is running out of space, you may not be able to go back a full year in Time Machine to see exactly how the external drive looked a year ago. You might only be able to go back 10 months, for example, instead of 12.
Most users really don't ever need to go back more than a few weeks or maybe a month or two to pick up a file that they might have accidentally deleted, so the fact that you might not be able to go back a full year or more to see how the drive looked at that time in the past, is not really that important for most users.
Most of us need to know that we have a complete, up to date backup of the external drive in case it fails.
Time Machine will warn you whenever it starts to delete the oldest backups, so if you really do need to be able to go back a year, or two years, or however long it has been since you originally started to back up the external......and you don't want Time Machine to start deleting the oldest backups of the external to make more room.....then you will need to add another backup drive and start backing up everything to that new drive.

How Does Time Machine Help If... iCal Data Lost?

Hi,
How does Time Machine help if, say, your iCal database gets messed up? Or, how does it help if you accidentally delete all your playlists from iTunes? I'd be interested to know.

That's a very good question (although probably better directed at Apple than us). Because Time Machine is new and Apple's in house programs handle data in different ways, there are a range of different means of recovering data for different applications. Not very user friendly and iCal is one of the least user friendly ones.
As an experiment, because I don't make much use of iCal and have no real idea how it works, I tried to find out how to restore its data. Starting with working with the application: nope, not TM aware at present. OK, where does it restore its data? Next step Spotlight where, as it happens, the obvious search "Calendars" brings up a folder in ~/Library labelled that with a whole lot of mysterious stuff in it. I'm pretty sure that restoring that folder would do the trick. No doubt, if you could figure out which Calendar belongs to what in the above folder you could restore a single calendar that was causing problems. Still, Apple's clearly got some work to do to make this more transparent. Roll on iCal4!
(By the way Mail also restores from within the program).

How does time machine work when being used with a mac pro?

How does time machine work when backing up a mac pro?
Considering the fact that the mac pro can hold 8TB and a external (non NAS) hard drive can hold only 2TB does time machine only backup the OS disk.

macnewcomer22 wrote:
Considering the fact that the mac pro can hold 8TB and a external (non NAS) hard drive can hold only 2TB does time machine only backup the OS disk.
Time Machine will backup everything by default, on every disk in your Mac.
Choose System Preferences > Options to exclude items. You could exclude everything except your OS...but I'd think it is your data that's more important to you, if you have to make choices.
See...
http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=1964018
While it's true you can store almost 8TB, how much do you think you'll actually store? If you have 1TB of data you want to store then a 2TB drive can do it. Also when your TM drive begins to get full it will begin deleting the oldest backups to make room.
You could also get a Drobo with 8 bays...
http://www.drobo.com/products/index.php
-mj

How does time machine back up separate but computers on the same drive

Thinking about hooking up a hard drive to APBS to use as a time machine for several macs /iPads, how does time machine keep these different devices separate? How does it keep the backup info separate? Thanks

APBS is usually called AEBS or Airport Extreme Base Station.
You can only do Time Machine to the newest one.. it is not supported on earlier models.
See http://pondini.org/TM/Home.html
Look for Gory details about airdisk.
Also it is going to help you to actually read how Time Machine works on network drives.
What you are asking has all the answers there.
http://pondini.org/TM/Works.html
ipads do not backup like macs.. there is no time machine.
ipads backup to itunes or to icloud. The backup to local itunes can then be backed up by TM to the disk you are using.
Please note even though Apple now says it works.. I have seen reports where the old problem has come back.. it works for 6-8weeks and then the backup corrupts itself and you have to start over.

Time Machine will not complete a system backup and terminates with "Unable to complete backup. An error occurred while copying files to the backup volume. This follows a problem when Time machne terminated when the volume was almost full.

On 11/1/2011, Time Machine (TM) terminated with an error message I did not record. I noted that the drive was full and decided to do a separate complete bootable system backup using Carbon Copy Clone (CCC), before clearing the TM volume and trying to start it over clean. Part way through the full system backup CCC put up a message that there was a Physical Problem "Library/Application Support/Techtool Protection/McIntosh HD/Directory Backup 2011-11-01-16-28-16". That was about the time that TM malfunctioned, so I assumed they were related. After starting CCC over a couple of times, and getting the same error message, I let it go through to completion of the backup, which took three or four hours. I then ran tests using Disk Utility and verified that there was nothing physically wrong with both the internal hard drive and the TM volume. I also erased and reformatted the TM volume. However, every time I started Time Machine, it would record a few GB and terminate with "Unable to complete backup. An error occurred while copying files to the backup volume". I restarted the computer with no change in results. Note that prior to starting the CCC backup, I "Repaired Permissions", "zapped the PRAM" and "re-set the SMC", hoping to have a clean bootable system on the backup. I ran Techtool and no problems were found.
I'm running this on an Intel iMac under 10.5.8 and recording to a 500GB My Passport drive. My hard drive is only about half full at 246 GB. My assessment is that something happened at 16-28-16 on 11/1/2001 to screwup the Backup Directory in the file at "Library/Application Support/Techtool Protection/McIntosh HD/Directory Backup 2011-11-01-16-28-16". My question is, how do I fix it?
I had just completed writing everything above here, explaining the problems I had been encountering for the past 24 hours. I had the Time Machine window standing open on the desktop where I could see it, having recentlycleared it after the last termination. As I was proofing what I had written, I looked at the window and noted that the clock had started a new run for a full back up, since all prior efforts had failed and the TM volume was empty. As I watched and waited for it to fail again, as it had been doing at about 13 GB, it kept going and going until it just finished a complete backup, about 4.5 hours later, with my having done nothing. Now my question would have to be - what could possiibly have happened to make it perform this way? It will be interesting to see if it continue to operate normally, or if the problem will return, in a later backup run.

jcm21 wrote:
CCC put up a message that there was a Physical Problem "Library/Application Support/Techtool Protection/McIntosh HD/Directory Backup 2011-11-01-16-28-16"
You should not keep those files for long, and probably shouldn't back them up (if you need them at all -- since you do regular backups, I'm doubtful just how worthwhile that feature is).
"Unable to complete backup. An error occurred while copying files to the backup volume".
One of Apple's maddeningly incomplete messages. Most likely, there's a problem with a file (quite possibly the one CCC didn't like). See #C3 in Time Machine - Troubleshooting for details and instructions on finding and fixing it.
If you continue running the Directory Protection app, be sure to exclude your Time Machine drive from it (as it will just take up lots of room, and won't help repair your backups if there's a problem); and exclude the folders it creates from being backed-up by Time Machine (as they'll create large backups, and you probably can't use the backed-up folders anyway), per #10 in Time Machine - Frequently Asked Questions.

Time Machine fails with "error while linking files on the backup volume"

One of my drives was nearly full. I moved some folders from that drive to one that had more space.
The next TM backup failed with "error while linking files on the backup volume". A full backup is about 620 GB, although this backup shouldn't have been a complete one. There was 570+ GB free on the drive.
A Disk Verify reported "Drive appears to be okay." Earlier TM backups appeared to be fine (at least accessible). I swapped the TM drive for another, initialized it, and TM used that drive with no complaints.
What does the message mean?
Thanks,
harv47

Pondini wrote:
harv47 wrote:
The Time Machine Buddy widget shows no messages. None of the buttons do anything.
What am I doing wrong?
See #A1 in the Time Machine - Troubleshooting *User Tip,* also at the top of this forum.
Your user account may not have permission to see the logs.
The sentence beginning "If the message area is blank ..." shows how to figure out if that's the problem, and how to fix it.
Post back if it's not clear, or doesn't work.
The Tip had the answer. It was permissions.
What follow are the messages for the last unsuccessful TM backup (on v.3), followed by
the successful TM backup on the replacement drive (v.1). The line
"Copied 11 files (0 bytes) from volume Bay 3 HPFS+." was odd.
Starting standard backup
Backing up to: /Volumes/Time Machine v.3/Backups.backupdb
Event store UUIDs don't match for volume: Bay 3 HPFS+
Event store UUIDs don't match for volume: Macintosh HD
Node requires deep traversal:/Volumes/Bay 3 HPFS+ reason:kFSEDBEventFlagMustScanSubDirs|
Node requires deep traversal:/ reason:kFSEDBEventFlagMustSc
(Finished May 4, 2010 9:31:21 AM-- Status unknown)
Starting standard backup
Backing up to: /Volumes/TimeMachine v.1/Backups.backupdb
Event store UUIDs don't match for volume: Bay 3 HPFS+
Event store UUIDs don't match for volume: Bay 2 HPFS+
Event store UUIDs don't match for volume: Macintosh HD
Backup content size: 169.1 GB excluded items size: 0 bytes for volume Bay 3 HPFS+
Backup content size: 305.5 GB excluded items size: 0 bytes for volume Bay 2 HPFS+
Backup content size: 145.7 GB excluded items size: 7.5 MB for volume Macintosh HD
No pre-backup thinning needed: 744.36 GB requested (including padding), 931.15 GB available
Waiting for index to be ready (909 > 0)
Copied 1951 files (169.0 GB) from volume Bay 3 HPFS+.
Copied 4999 files (474.3 GB) from volume Bay 2 HPFS+.
Copied 410304 files (612.4 GB) from volume Macintosh HD.
No pre-backup thinning needed: 712.2 MB requested (including padding), 315.09 GB available
Copied 11 files (0 bytes) from volume Bay 3 HPFS+.
Copied 20 files (1.1 GB) from volume Bay 2 HPFS+.
Copied 1103 files (1.1 GB) from volume Macintosh HD.
Starting post-backup thinning
No post-back up thinning needed: no expired backups exist
Backup completed successfully.
(Finished May 4, 2010 2:38:17 PM)
I hope this is useful. Thanks for your help.
harv47

How does Media Manager handle Motion Projects within the Sequence being cop

How does Media Manager handle Motion Projects within the Sequence being copied?
I've highlighted my sequence, opened Media Manager, and copied it to another drive. When I open up the sequence in it's new project, the rendered Motion Project plays within my sequence but it won't let me go back into this Motion Project to make changes. I tried starting over. This time I highlighted the actual motion sequence and clip that is created within FCP after sending something to Motion and copied those to the new drive. When I went into the newly created 'media' folder and double clicked on the motion project it launched. It looked liked it was going to play but while my crops moves and borders were there, the filmed material is shown as a freeze frame for the duration of the motion project.
I did this with and without 'including master clips within selection'. Any advice would be appreciated. Thanks.

Is there anyone who knows the answer to this? Thanks.

How does Time Machine handle alias files on the backup volume?

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