How is permissions handled in 10.9 for the root

Just got a new iMac, did not migrate to it set up fresh, running 10.9.2 (my first 10.9 machine)
Can someone explain how the system is working now.
If I open the hard drive I seem to not be able to write to it, it's locked, if I see the info on the volume I see "everyone" is read only and I also see a "user" called wheel. Why and what is that?
I dont want to change it just wondering why this is the way for 10.9?
I have a couple of external drives attached and one does not show me any kind of lock on the root of it, the other drive is a Time Machine backup drive and this IS locked to me with the same permission as the boot drive.
Of course if I go into any of my home folder I can write to them and only see myself and system have permissions.
And if I copy or create a new folder in the root hard drive it wants my password and woill let me do it.

Here, read up on Posix permissions: http://content.hccfl.edu/pollock/aunix1/filepermissions.htm
Where it says everyone in the Finder is really the Other permissions. I think Apple using "everyone" creates some consternation as it implies the entire world can read those files. However, it is only other logged in users that are not the owner and not part of the group.
Wheel isn't a user, but a group. The root of the hard drive is owned by root (indicated as System in Finder), and is part of the Wheel group.
As that linked article states, the owner can do anything with a file or folder. Members of the group assigned to the folder can do whatever permissions the group is assigned for that file (any combination of read, write, execute). Any other logged in user can do what is assigned to Others (everyone).
You cannot put things at the root of your Hard Drive because that is owned by root and all others can only read that folder, even other members of the wheel group.
As to why wheel, the answer posted here seems the most plausible: http://superuser.com/questions/191955/what-is-the-wheel-user-in-os-x
Also, you can't just paste a picture into these forums (although it looks like it will work). You have to upload the picture using the Camera icon in the toolbar.

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