How long do journaled transactions remain?

As I understand it, enabling journaling in Mac OS creates a hidden file that somehow tracks and lists every transaction, i.e., file printed, window open or closed, file modified or saved, etc.
Is this understanding correct? If so, how long do journaled transactions remain in the system? Can they be accessed by the user? Can they be accessed by a computer expert?

Is this understanding correct?
No.
Journaling only applies changes to the file system on the disk. It has nothing to do with printing or opening windows.
The process of writing (or deleting) a file on disk is very complex. Besides writing the data itself, the system has to choose and allocate the space, update the directory, update the volume table of contents and the volume bitmap, update the Spotlight index, and more. Even if the whole process takes a fraction of a second for a small file, all the steps must be completed, or the file system will be corrupted. The journal is simply a checklist of all the steps. Once the process is successfully completed, the journal entry is deleted. So the entry may only exist for a few seconds or less.
If the computer crashes or the power goes out before the updates are complete, then when the disk is brought back online, the system will notice an incomplete journal. It will go through the journal and clean up the mess. That doesn't mean it will rescue the file. It is usually too late for that. But it will avoid file system corruption caused by having a partially saved file.

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How long do journaled transactions remain?

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