How to maintain the integrity of datbase??

Hi,
I wanted to know that waht are the things which must always be considerd when you maintain the integrity of database and also how to maintain the security that balance the user requirement? I am asking in general point of view.
hope for your precious advise.

Data integrity is normally ensured by ensuring that the schema design is properly normalized (i.e. there is 1 and only 1 place where a particular piece of information belongs) and by creating referential integrity constraints. It is also a good idea to create packages that operate on the tables and expose only these packaged procedures to app developers. When there are bugs, it is a lot easier to fix a single stored procedure than to modify every application out there. Stored procedure interfaces also simplify life for developers because they don't have to be concerned about remembering to insert all the appropriate relationships, just passing in the right parameters to the function.
Your question on security, unfortunately, is incredibly broad. Generally, practice the principle of least privilege-- give users the absolute minimum of privileges they could need to do their job. Precisely what sort of security policies you need really depends on the application and the organization. Large US companies have things like Sarbanes-Oxley to worry about which drives a lot of requirements, systems with sensitive data (i.e. payroll) probably need more security than something like the product database.
Justin

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