In what order are root hint DNS servers used?

Hey guys, I was wondering how the list of root hints were actually used when the DNS server performs iterative queries.
Since it's a list that seems to be in alphabetical order, does it simple use a.root-servers.net. first until it is unavailable, and go down the list? That seems unlikely since that one root would receive disproportional load compared to the others. I am
aware that most of the roots use anycasting, so multiple servers are behind each entry.
Maybe it's round-robin?
I suppose I can capture packets and see what is actually going on... I might do that if no one replies!

Hi Anton2,
Thank you for posting here.
I searched many articles about root hints, but it seems that there is not similar articles which mentioned the used order of root servers.
As you said above, I captured packets in my lab. The DNS server didn’t use the alphabetical order to query these root servers. And I didn’t find the round robin phenomenon.
Capturing packets is a good method to verify your ideas. Just do it.
For more details about cache.dns file, please refer to the article below,
DNS-related files
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc757806(v=ws.10).aspx
Best Regards,
Tina
Please remember to mark the replies as answers if they help and unmark them if they provide no help. If you have feedback for TechNet Subscriber Support, contact [email protected]

Similar Messages

What order are find results in?

When I use Spotlight and then select the "show in finder" option, what order
are the results supposed to be in? Alphabetical, you'd think, if "name" was
selected. But there seem to be many sublists in a large set of result, each
restarting some sort of order every so many lines. And why wouldn't clicking
"name" again simply resort these? It seems the only sort that affects the
entire list in a predictable manner is sort by "type". Have I inadvertently
selected something wrong or am I missing something? This makes spotlight
much less useful to me.
Anyone notice this?
Mark

Hi Ves,
The AFCS dev guide mentions this in passing (3.1.5.1) but doesn't go into quite enough detail - we'll make a note to improve this for the next go-round.
Essentially, all items for a given CollectionNode (from all of its nodes) are synched in the order that they were published, irrespective of which node they were published to. You can actually put a breakpoint down in MessageManager.receiveItems to watch this - all items for the entire collection are received in one big blob, then pushed onto an array, then sorted according to their timestamps and order, then sent as itemReceive up to the collectionNode.
So yes, you could easily end up with an itemReceive for EVERYONE, followed by an itemReceive for HOSTS, then another one for EVERYONE. We make sure that they essentially come in the same order they did for people who were actually in the room at the time. For example in the chat pod, if I asked a question to the HOSTS node, which they answered on the public EVERYONE node, I'd want the items to be received in the right order, or the collective history wouldn't make sense.
For separate CollectionNodes, their synchronization are kept separate (one at a time), since they're the result of individual subscribe() requests - the advice here is that if you have a series of items that have some dependency on order of arrival, you should make sure they're part of the same CollectionNode (which makes sense). If you need A to finish synching before B begins, put those items on different collectionNodes and call their subscribe() methods in that order. So, you can have it either way, depending on how you want to set it up.
hope that helps
nigel

In what order are results from gather_database_stats 'LIST AUTO' returned?

11.2.0.1.0. The results from the following seem to have some order to them (groupings of objects returned alphabetically). Didn't see anywhere in the docs to indicate what's getting returned in what order (empty stats, stale stats). I looked at table stats for one at the top of the list and it looks like the table had stats gathered recently, so i'm confused. I ran this from sqlplus:
set serveroutput on size unlimited;
DECLARE
ObjList dbms_stats.ObjectTab;
BEGIN
dbms_stats.gather_database_stats(objlist=>ObjList, options=>'LIST AUTO');
FOR i in ObjList.FIRST..ObjList.LAST
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(ObjList(i).ownname || '.' || ObjList(i).ObjName || ' ' || ObjList(i).ObjType || ' ' || ObjList(i).partname);
END LOOP;
END;
/

Enlightened answer: "So bug off and work with what you get"
The report was run on a database that doesnt have any auto stat collection occurring. There are 4000 items returned in the list. One of the items looks ok when you look at dba_tables (row count correct and last_analyzed recent). Just trying to figure out why this table was included in the list. Might be the way stats collected for it isn't updating some mechanism that gather_database_stats is utilizing. From what I can tell the order is 1) tables with no stats, 2) indexes with no stats, 3) stale tables.

In what order are msgs consumed with single sess & multiple async consumers

Sun MQ will serialize delivery of messages when you have a single session and multiple asynchronous consumers created from that session. I am trying to find out what is the order in which the messages will be delivered by the session to the message listener.
So if I have 10 consumers on 10 destinations, each with 100 messages, in what order will messages be passed to the message listener.
Thanks
Aspi Engineer
Putnam Investments

In our testing, we have found that the consumerFlowLimit implementation will guarantee that you'll receive your messages out of order. What happens is that messages will be put in the consumer buffer and they won't be available for round-robin delivery to the other consumers (even if they are idle). I'd recommend setting the consumerFlowLimit=1 which minimizes the impact of this, but every other message will still be out of order (ie consumer #1 grabs messages 1&2, consumer #2 grabs messages 3&4, etc; so that they will process 1&3 together, and 2&4 together. I consider this a very serious bug of openMQ and wish we could disable the consumerFlowBuffer all together to get guaranteed processing order from the queue.
Edited by: Pancetta on Jun 24, 2010 9:33 AM

What is the fastest/ best DNS to use with Infinity...

I'm using a seperate DHCP server in my home LAN which gives me the ability to asign different DNS servers. Ive previously used Open DNS which seems a little slow, so I'm currently passing the routers IP address as the DNS server which works fine, but I suspect it is sub optimal. Based on the experience of you folks, what are the best/fastest DNS servers to use in conjunction with Infinity (Specifically 100 Mb FTTP)?
If you want to say thanks for a helpful answer,please click on the Ratings star on the left-hand side If the the reply answers your question then please mark as ’Mark as Accepted Solution’

Hi
Nice find ducllum just ran namebench and it found the same dns server in your post was 175 percent faster than the standard ones I was using.
EDIT: I found the saved file
I can see the difference

What good are databases if you cannot use them

Hello;
My company has the same model for access to database no matter if its Production, Test or Dev.
I believe the one size fits all model is incorrect and would like some feedback Pro and Con why access should be the same or different.
Pete

rp0428 wrote:
OP wrote:
>
Version has nothing to do with the question.
I'm looking for feedback on what security differances there should be between different types of databases.
>
The only reason version has nothing to do with the question is because you are now clarifying your question to state that you want version ignored. Mark was correct since different versions have different functionality, e.g. compression and encryption support. You can't expect the same policy for a DEV database that doesn't support encryption as you have for a PROD database that does. Same with RAC - many shops don't use RAC for dev.
Also you never responded to Mark's other comment:
>
You provide no description of exactly what restrictions your employer has in place that you have difficulty with
>
Would you support these policies for all of your environments?
>
1. The schema owner can delete data from any table they choose whenever they want.
2. The schema owner can grant all privileges to their objects to whomever they want.
>
I sure hope that isn't what you mean.
The point being that there are many restrictions that should be different between different environments in order to maintain the degree of control over those environments that is needed by the business.
The data in the PROD environment is usually more sensitive and can have legal requirements as to who is allowed access to that data and what they are allowed to do with the data. Those requirements can be vastly different than what are needed for a DEV environment.
So provide some specifics about what restrictions your employer has that you think cause a problem. Or provide an example of what you need to do in a particular environment and how you can get it done given the restrictions that are in place.
The only argument that I have ever found effective with management is to document the COST associated with a policy or rule that they have in place. The cost can be in resources, time. An example of this might be the overhead (resources, time) involved with having to log a service request, get a DBA or Weblogic person involved just to make a simple table change in DEV or see what errors might have been generated in a Weblogic log file.
If they realize that the turnaround for that is several days to do something you could have done in a few minutes if you had the proper access then sometimes (not often I agree) you can get some things changed.
But you have to make a convincing argument that the change is needed and that it won't compromise any of their other concerns.
Which gets us back to what Mark was trying to find out. What are the concerns that caused management to implement their current policy, whatever that policy is?But to counter that ... how often have we seen code go to production and fail, because it relied on the less restrictive environment in dev? With proper QA and code promotion management in place, this shouldn't happen, but I've too often seen that to not be the case. Certainly we've seen that situation with commercial software that "requires" the application to run with DBA authority - simply because the developers were too lazy to figure out what was really required.

What order are Archive logs restored in when RMAN recover database issued

Ok, you have a run block that has restored your level-0 RMAN backup.
Your base datafiles are down on disc.
You are about to start recovery to point in time, lets say until this morning at 07:00am.
run { set until time "TO_DATE('2010/06/08_07:00:00','YYYY/MM/DD_HH24:MI:SS')";
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
allocate channel d3 type disk;
allocate channel d4 type disk;
recover database;
So the above runs, it analyses the earlies SCN required for recovery, checks for incremental backups (none here), works out the archivelog range
required and starts to restore the archive logs. All as expected and works.
My question: Is there a particular order that RMAN will restore the archive logs and is the restore / recover process implemented as per the run block.
i.e Will all required archive logs based on the run block be restored and then the database recovered forward. Or is there something in RMAN that says restore these archive logs, ok now roll forwards, restore some more.
When we were doing this the order of the archive logs coming back seemed to be random but obviously constrained by the run block. Is this an area we need to tune to get recoveries faster for situations where incrementals are not available?
Any inputs on experience welcome. I am now drilling into the documentation for any references there.
Thanks

Hi there, thanks for the response I checked this and here are the numbers / time stamps on an example:
This is from interpreting the list backup of archivelog commands.
Backupset = 122672
==============
Archive log sequence 120688 low time: 25th May 15:53:07 next time: 25th May 15:57:54
Piece1 pieceNumber=123368 9th June 04:10:38 <-- catalogued by us.
Piece2 pieceNumber=122673 25th May 16:05:18 <-- Original backup on production.
Backupset = 122677
==============
Archive log sequence 120683 low time: 25th May 15:27:50 Next time 25th May 15:32:24 <-- lower sequence number restored after above.
Piece1 PieceNumber=123372 9th June 04:11:34 <-- Catalogued by us.
Piece2 PieceNumber=122678 25th May 16:08:45 <-- Orignial backup on Production.
So the above would show that if catalogue command you could influence the Piece numbering. Therefore the restore order if like you say piece number is the key. I will need to review production as to why they were backed up in different order completed on production. Would think they would use the backupset numbering and then piece within the set / availability.
Question: You mention archive logs are restored and applied and deleted in batches if the volume of archivelogs is large enough to be spread over multiple backup sets. What determines the batches in terms of size / number?
Thanks for inputs. Answers some questions.

What order are Nodes Syncronized in within the same NodeCollection?

Basically is there a guarantee of synchronization order within a NodeCollection? I assume that there is and that it is based off the order in which the nodes were created. For instance in the SimpleChatModel the Node creation order is:
HISTORY_NODE_EVERYONE
HISTORY_NODE_PARTICIPANTS
HISTORY_NODE_HOSTS
TYPING_NODE_NAME
When synchronizing will I receive all of the messages in HISTORY_NODE_EVERYONE before I receive *ANY* messages for HISTORY_NODE_PARTICIPANTS? Will HISTORY_NODE_PARTICIPANTS send all of its messages before HISTORY_NODE_HOSTS sends its messages? When I say "sent" I don't as much what the actual network traffic is (I don't care about the actual packet order of arrival, that is your job AFCS developers ), what I really care about is whether ItemRecieve for HISTORY_NODE_PARTICIPANTS can get executed while HISTORY_NODE_EVERYONE is still receiving messages?
To take this a step higher in the hierarchy to the NodeCollection level does a NodeCollection need to be fully synchronized before another NodeCollection (that called subscribe after the first one) can get any ItemRecieve messages? If NodeCollection A subscribes before NodeCollection B is A guaranteed to get synchronized before B? Will A finish Synchronizing before B gets its first message?
I am starting to run into an issue where I need to make sure certain NODEs are synchronized before I start recieving messages in other NODEs. I of course can check for the dependencies on reception and simply defer execution until the dependency is sync'd but this will create a lot more code failure points than I really wanted. I was hoping for a simplier way of doing this.
Ves

Hi Ves,
The AFCS dev guide mentions this in passing (3.1.5.1) but doesn't go into quite enough detail - we'll make a note to improve this for the next go-round.
Essentially, all items for a given CollectionNode (from all of its nodes) are synched in the order that they were published, irrespective of which node they were published to. You can actually put a breakpoint down in MessageManager.receiveItems to watch this - all items for the entire collection are received in one big blob, then pushed onto an array, then sorted according to their timestamps and order, then sent as itemReceive up to the collectionNode.
So yes, you could easily end up with an itemReceive for EVERYONE, followed by an itemReceive for HOSTS, then another one for EVERYONE. We make sure that they essentially come in the same order they did for people who were actually in the room at the time. For example in the chat pod, if I asked a question to the HOSTS node, which they answered on the public EVERYONE node, I'd want the items to be received in the right order, or the collective history wouldn't make sense.
For separate CollectionNodes, their synchronization are kept separate (one at a time), since they're the result of individual subscribe() requests - the advice here is that if you have a series of items that have some dependency on order of arrival, you should make sure they're part of the same CollectionNode (which makes sense). If you need A to finish synching before B begins, put those items on different collectionNodes and call their subscribe() methods in that order. So, you can have it either way, depending on how you want to set it up.
hope that helps
nigel

On Provision or reProvision, what order are the resources proccessed in?

Howdy,
I am fighting a race condition. Occasionally, when an end user claims their computing accounts, and active sync thread is undoing some of the claiming process. I have done a lot of work to eliminate race condition potential, and am now rather stumped. However, I have come to wonder if the Provision workflow service is the culprit. The toUpdate list has LDAP first, a few DB resources, then Lighthouse. It is the LDAP active sync process that is stepping on the toes of the account claiming. Does this list get processed linearly in order? If so this might explain what is happening. However I can not find any information in the order of execution....
Does anyone know?
Thanks,
Jim

Hi there, thanks for the response I checked this and here are the numbers / time stamps on an example:
This is from interpreting the list backup of archivelog commands.
Backupset = 122672
==============
Archive log sequence 120688 low time: 25th May 15:53:07 next time: 25th May 15:57:54
Piece1 pieceNumber=123368 9th June 04:10:38 <-- catalogued by us.
Piece2 pieceNumber=122673 25th May 16:05:18 <-- Original backup on production.
Backupset = 122677
==============
Archive log sequence 120683 low time: 25th May 15:27:50 Next time 25th May 15:32:24 <-- lower sequence number restored after above.
Piece1 PieceNumber=123372 9th June 04:11:34 <-- Catalogued by us.
Piece2 PieceNumber=122678 25th May 16:08:45 <-- Orignial backup on Production.
So the above would show that if catalogue command you could influence the Piece numbering. Therefore the restore order if like you say piece number is the key. I will need to review production as to why they were backed up in different order completed on production. Would think they would use the backupset numbering and then piece within the set / availability.
Question: You mention archive logs are restored and applied and deleted in batches if the volume of archivelogs is large enough to be spread over multiple backup sets. What determines the batches in terms of size / number?
Thanks for inputs. Answers some questions.

What Order are Files Copied?

I have a little $20 Centon MP3 player (in addition to my iPod) on which I want to listen to audiobooks. A "feature" of the player is that it plays files strictly in the order in which they are copied to its memory, unless the player is set to randomize them.
On my iMac, I have a series of audiobook files, one per chapter, named "01.mp3, 02.mp3," etc. These files are, of course, shown in the correct order in their iMac folder. I select all these files at once, and drag them to the MP3 player, expecting them to be copied in order, top to bottom.
But that's not what happens! The files are copied seemingly in random order, and that's the way they play on the MP3 player. Not good for listening to an audiobook.
I worked around the problem by dragging the files one at a time to the player. Then they play in the correct order. But I'm curious about what's going on here. Why doesn't the iMac copy the files in the order in which they appear in the iMac folder?

I've had a similar problem with a basic mp3 player (disgo lite) which I think is sold as a Windows-friendly player (no mention of Macs). I tried editing the id3 tags, but it didn't seem to help. The only thing that has worked for me is to format the player before I copy files to it.
Jonathan

What order are my Podcasts?

I have iTunes 11.1.2 on my Mac and my Podcast order is all messed up.
There is no logic to it: not alphabetical (which is what I want), not by played, ... just seems random.
Is there a way I can order my many Podcasts in an alphabetical list?
Thanks.
michael

Yes, thanks, I was able to do that but it puts another item on my main menu & I was trying to keep that list as short as possible. With the new G5 there's already the new items for Photos & Videos so the list is longer than will fit on one screen. If that's the only way to access Podcasts now, I've just have to get used to it.
However, the way it was before they just showed up like every other playlist & I liked it better that way. I guess this is a change that was made in iTunes 6.0.2 because I plugged in my old G3 last night for the first time since updating to 6.0.2 & now the Podcast playlist is gone from my G3 as well.
Not sure if this is a new feature or a bug.
Thanks for the reply!

In what order are these actions being done?

In this code I haven't used a loader but JUST to let the user realize that something is going on, when user clicks on "next" and a huge class in going to function, I firstly show a "loadingScreen" that simply says LOADING and then call that huge function "mazeDisp.creatMaze()"....
My problem is that why the loadingScreen is not shown before that function is being called!!!
function nextClicked(e:MouseEvent):void {
    menu.visible = false;
    pauseBtn.visible = false;
    loadingScreen.visible = true; //HERE I NEED IT TO BE SHOWN BUT WON'T
    addChildAt(ipad0,0);
    ipad0.addChildAt(mazeDisp,0);
    ipad0.addChildAt(ipad1,0);
    ipad1.addChildAt(ipad2,0);
    mazeDisp.clearb2World();
    mazeDisp.createMaze(75,100,8); //THIS IS THAT HUGE FUNCTION (of another class) WHICH INCLUDES A LOT OF Box2D Classes.
function readyHandler(e:Event):void {
    menu.visible = false;
    loadingScreen.visible = false; //HERE I HIDE IT AGAIN
    pauseBtn.visible = true;
    isPlaying = true;
    addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, frameHandler);

Thank You, it is clear now:)
in my fla file, my frameHandler calls a function mazeDisp.moveMazeWorld();    mazeDisp has a Class and in that class there is the function moveMazeWorld which calls another function from Box2D, it is world.step(0.016, 5, 5);
this last function takes time before starting to move things because its a huge function calculating a lot of b2body;
All I want is to make a "loadingScreen" visible while this function "world.step(0.016, 5, 5)" is progressing to start moving things and then Hide it when things are working fine.
But the issue is that as soon as this function is called, it stops everything else until it is done thinking. And I cannot hide/unhide, add/remove and move/stop anything.
Of course I understand without having the code it is hard for you to understand what is going on in here (The reason I wanted to communicate privately). But as I cannot copy paste the code in forum Please tell me what is the best thing to do if a function is too heavy and takes time to start working (in general) in the matter of telling the user to wait! I cannot use a Loading-Bar as there is nothing to load. And even if it was possible I don't know how to do it while the function stops things already.
P.s this function causes the delay ONLY the FIRST time it runs.

In my Movies list, what order are movies sorted in when viewing the 'Unwatched' tab in grid view? Because it sure isn't 'by title' like I have selected. What gives?

Sample movie order:
The Adventures of Buckaroo Bonzai
Bella
No Country for Old Men
Breach

So, turingtest2 has it exactly right... Unwatched movies view is sorted by Album Artist. So here's a nice little fix for that... you can go through and manually copy the Name of the movie into the Album Artist field, but if you have a lot of movies in this category, it will be tedious. A better option, is to go to www.dougscripts.com, and download the This Tag, That Tag applet. You can find a link here. You can then select ALL of your unwatched movies, run the applet, and elect to copy the movie Name into the Album Artist field. Boom! And since Doug has done such an awesome job of saving you a bunch of time and effort, throw him a little donation.
Peace,
Jared

What order are iPhoto events sorted when synced?

When I sync the last xx months from iPhoto to my iPhone via iTunes they certainly aren't alphabetical and they are in no sort of chronilogical sorting when I look in iPhoto. Does anyone know how sorting is decided there in the Events album in the photos app? I'm on iOS 7.0.3 FYI.

So, turingtest2 has it exactly right... Unwatched movies view is sorted by Album Artist. So here's a nice little fix for that... you can go through and manually copy the Name of the movie into the Album Artist field, but if you have a lot of movies in this category, it will be tedious. A better option, is to go to www.dougscripts.com, and download the This Tag, That Tag applet. You can find a link here. You can then select ALL of your unwatched movies, run the applet, and elect to copy the movie Name into the Album Artist field. Boom! And since Doug has done such an awesome job of saving you a bunch of time and effort, throw him a little donation.
Peace,
Jared

What order are Nat Langs released?

Does anybody know the order or when Oracle releases National Language versions? Wondering about the major languages (Japanese, German, French, Spanish, Chinese (M or C, Korean). Couldn't find anything on the site and the 10gR2 release is coming...
Thanks,
-R

Oracle does not release separate media for different languages or regions. Oracle installation media is fully internationalized so that a customer can take the same CD and install it anywhere in the world for whatever language(s) they need to support.

In what order are root hint DNS servers used?

Similar Messages

Maybe you are looking for