Increasing ppi from 72 to 300?

I'm by no means a graphic designer, but my job is having me create a 3' x 2' poster (300 ppi) using Photoshop CS3. I am trying to place a few logos on the poster but am having difficulties. My logos are currently about 20 inches wide, and I would like to keep them this width. However, the resolution is 72 ppi. Obviously when I change it to 300 ppi, Photoshop automatically decreases the image size. Is it possible to make the logos 300 ppi and keep the original document sizes?
Or, alternatively, I would like to print this poster on canvas with a local printing company. Is it possible for me to create a smaller version of the 3' x 2' poster (perhaps with a smaller ppi?) without losing too much of the clarity, which the printing company could then blow up to 3'x2'?

300 ppi for a 2 x 3 ft poster is way way over kill.
You dont need 300ppi unless you are going to view this poster from a normal reading distance of 12 inches from your eyes, and even then you dont need 300ppi. 200-300 will suffice for 12 inch reading distance. Remember that when printing, each pixel is formed by many ink dots. The dpi is much larger (may be 1200 or more) than the ppi.
Posters are normally viewed from a much further distance (3-4 feet) and 100 ppi is very good. Check with your printer as to what they recommend, but be aware that many printers dont always understand what they are doing. The type of paper that is being used is also important. Is this high gloss coated stock or cheaper paper. Ink bleeds on cheaper paper and you cant get the same resolution as coated stock, so your higher resolution images dont even matter.
Forget the ppi setting in PS. The important information is you w x h in pixels. You can print any image at any size you want.
I would set my canvas for 2400 x 3600 pixels which implies 100ppi when printing at 24 x 36. If you want over kill go to 3600 x 5400 pixels which implies 150 ppi.
Your logs are 1440 x 1440 pixels which will be either 14.4 inches or 9.6 inches. If these are too small than you either redesign them or up sample them. Your choice.
Ed
reference ppi vs dpi
http://www.scantips.com/basics3b.html

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