IPhone 4S (iOS 6) no longer syncing with iTunes

Question

Hi, this is my first post on Apple Support. I have several questions that I hope someone will be able to answer. Some regarding my iPhone, and some regarding my MBP.
For starters, my iPhone 4S is running on iOS 6, and no longer syncs with iTunes. I am no longer able to add new music, I can only manage my photos through iPhoto. I updated to iOS 6 while at the Apple store and was told that everything transferred to my iPhone would now go through iCloud, which I wasn't too happy about. I thought that my phone was no longer syncing because of iCloud, and therefore deleted my iCould account (which didn't have anything important on it anyway), but that did not fix the problem. Rather than syncing, iTunes asks me to restore my phone back to factory settings. I considered doing that, but I don't have a back up on my MBP, so that is out of the question. Also, before restoring, iTunes does not give me the option to back up, which I thought it would.
I would like to know how to make it so that my phone syncs with iTunes again so that I can manage my music etc. Does it have to do with iOS 6, iCloud, my MBP, or what? Is my iCloud still in the picture, even though I have deleted my account? If so, how do I disable it completely?
Second question. On a different, older MBP (not mine, and probably running on old software), I burned a Maxell DVD-R containing just under 4GB of music. However, when I insert the disc in my MBP (running on 10.6.8), the disc reads as blank. I tried restarting with the disc in, as well as ejecting and inserting it several times, but nothing is doing the trick. I'm not sure if it's the brand, my MBP's optical drive, or the fact that it was burned on a computer that is running on earlier software than mine. I've read around on the internet with no luck. I have received two pop-ups, one that says it's blank and another that says it is not readable by my computer. Why?
I've been a long time user of Apple, and rarely have any complaints, but my iPhone is really quite screwed up. The DVD-R issue is not a big deal, but I rely on my iPhone extremely (as most do), and not being able to manage it through iTunes is such a pain. I really hope someone can help!

Answer 1

Wow. I never got back to this, I apologize. Today I started searching around online again randomly for a solution on Apple support. The message I am getting is "iTunes cannot read the contents of the iPhone. Go to the Summary tab in iPhone preferences and click Restore to restore this iPhone to factory settings." I've tried many different things both on my computer and my iPhone such as reseting networks, changing the cellular data options, restarting my modem and restarting the wifi on my computer. None of it seems to work. Even if anything were to work temporarily until iTunes 11, I would love that, but I can't seem to find a temporary fix.