IS my TimeMachine backing up properly?

How can I be sure my TM back-up is "working" properly?  I need to do a bootable clone and want to verify my data is safe and backed up before beginning the process. I  opened the folders in my TM backup. When I open the iPhoto on the back-up, it opens to my current iPhoto library, even when I try opening an older folder of the iPhoto library. Is this normal? How can I be sure my pictures are really there? Also, I see the various user files on the TM backup but when I try to open them, it says I don't have permission to do so and does not give the option for entering the user password. Is this normal? I was only able to open the user folder from the account in which I was logged in. In case it's relevant: My external disk for TM back-up failed a few months ago while still under warranty--it became "read only." The company was very nice in dealing with it and replaced it. However, the replacement is a refurbished device. Thanks so much for your assistance.

OK. All you need do is double-click on the Desktop icon for your Time Machine drive. You should find a folder in there in which will be all the folders and files related to your backup. You can also open the Console in your Utilities folder and read the log entries related to Time Machine backups as they occur. You can select the backup drive's icon and Press COMMAND-I to open the Get Info window. In the top panel it will tell you how much of the drive is currently in use. That will reflect an amount of space that should be at least equal to the amount of data stored on your hard drive.
As for bootable clones you should buy just an external drive in an enclosure. Nothing fancy. The enclosure should support at least one of the disk ports on the computer - USB and/or Firewire. I recommend you buy something from OWC. They have drives, enclosures, and drives in enclosures. You can save some money by DIY. See below:
Get an external drive at least equal in size to the internal hard drive and make (and maintain) a bootable clone/backup. You can make a bootable clone using the Restore option of Disk Utility. You can also make and maintain clones with good backup software. My personal recommendations are (order is not significant):
  1. Carbon Copy Cloner
  2. Get Backup
  3. Deja Vu
  4. SuperDuper!
  5. Synk Pro
  6. Tri-Backup
Visit The XLab FAQs and read the FAQ on backup and restore.  Also read How to Back Up and Restore Your Files. For help with using Time Machine visit Pondini's Time Machine FAQ for help with all things Time Machine.
Although you can buy a complete external drive system, you can also put one together if you are so inclined.  It's relatively easy and only requires a Phillips head screwdriver (typically.)  You can purchase hard drives separately.  This gives you an opportunity to shop for the best prices on a hard drive of your choice.  Reliable brands include Seagate, Hitachi, Western Digital, Toshiba, and Fujitsu.  You can find reviews and benchmarks on many drives at Storage Review.
Enclosures for FireWire and USB are readily available.  You can find only FireWire enclosures, only USB enclosures, and enclosures that feature multiple ports.  I would stress getting enclosures that use the Oxford chipsets especially for Firewire drives (911, 921, 922, for example.)  You can find enclosures at places such as;
  1. Cool Drives
  2. OWC
  3. WiebeTech
  4. Firewire Direct
  5. California Drives
  6. NewEgg
All you need do is remove a case cover, mount the hard drive in the enclosure and connect the cables, then re-attach the case cover.  Usually the only tool required is a small or medium Phillips screwdriver.
I recommend doing your initial clone using Disk Utility. It's part of OS X and free:
Clone using Restore Option of Disk Utility
  1. Open Disk Utility in the Utilities folder.
  2. Select the destination volume from the left side list.
  3. Click on the Restore tab in the DU main window.
  4. Select the destination volume from the left side list and drag
       it to the Destination entry field.
  5. Select the source volume from the left side list and drag it to
      the Source entry field.
  6. Double-check you got it right, then click on the Restore button.
Destination means the external backup drive. Source means the internal startup drive.

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