J2EE MVC模式JSF与Struts的异同

J2EE MVC模式JSF与Struts的异同
Struts和JSF/Tapestry都属于表现层框架,这两种分属不同性质的框架,后者是一种事件驱动型的组件模型,而Struts只是单纯的MVC模式框架,老外总是急吼吼说事件驱动型就比MVC模式框架好,何以见得,我们下面进行详细分析比较一下到底是怎么回事?
  首先事件是指从客户端页面(浏览器)由用户操作触发的事件,Struts使用Action来接受浏览器表单提交的事件,这里使用了Command模式,每个继承Action的子类都必须实现一个方法execute。
  在struts中,实际是一个表单Form对应一个Action类(或DispatchAction),换一句话说:在Struts中实际是一个表单只能对应一个事件,struts这种事件方式称为application event,application event和component event相比是一种粗粒度的事件。
  struts重要的表单对象ActionForm是一种对象,它代表了一种应用,这个对象中至少包含几个字段,这些字段是Jsp页面表单中的input字段,因为一个表单对应一个事件,所以,当我们需要将事件粒度细化到表单中这些字段时,也就是说,一个字段对应一个事件时,单纯使用Struts就不太可能,当然通过结合JavaScript也是可以转弯实现的。
  而这种情况使用JSF就可以方便实现,
<h:inputText id="userId" value="#{login.userId}">
  <f:valueChangeListener type="logindemo.UserLoginChanged" />
</h:inputText>
  #{login.userId}表示从名为login的JavaBean的getUserId获得的结果,这个功能使用struts也可以实现,name="login" property="userId"
  关键是第二行,这里表示如果userId的值改变并且确定提交后,将触发调用类UserLoginChanged的processValueChanged(...)方法。
  JSF可以为组件提供两种事件:Value Changed和 Action. 前者我们已经在上节见识过用处,后者就相当于struts中表单提交Action机制,它的JSF写法如下:
<h:commandButton id="login" commandName="login">
  <f:actionListener type=”logindemo.LoginActionListener” />
</h:commandButton>
  从代码可以看出,这两种事件是通过Listerner这样观察者模式贴在具体组件字段上的,而Struts此类事件是原始的一种表单提交Submit触发机制。如果说前者比较语言化(编程语言习惯做法类似Swing编程);后者是属于WEB化,因为它是来自Html表单,如果你起步是从Perl/PHP开始,反而容易接受Struts这种风格。
  基本配置
  Struts和JSF都是一种框架,JSF必须需要两种包JSF核心包、JSTL包(标签库),此外,JSF还将使用到Apache项目的一些commons包,这些Apache包只要部署在你的服务器中既可。
  JSF包下载地址:http://java.sun.com/j2ee/javaserverfaces/download.html选择其中Reference Implementation。
  JSTL包下载在http://jakarta.apache.org/site/downloads/downloads_taglibs-standard.cgi
  所以,从JSF的驱动包组成看,其开源基因也占据很大的比重,JSF是一个SUN伙伴们工业标准和开源之间的一个混血儿。
  上述两个地址下载的jar合并在一起就是JSF所需要的全部驱动包了。与Struts的驱动包一样,这些驱动包必须位于Web项目的WEB-INF/lib,和Struts一样的是也必须在web.xml中有如下配置:
<web-app>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.faces</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
  这里和Struts的web.xml配置何其相似,简直一模一样。
  正如Struts的struts-config.xml一样,JSF也有类似的faces-config.xml配置文件:
<faces-config>
  <navigation-rule>
    <from-view-id>/index.jsp</from-view-id>
    <navigation-case>
      <from-outcome>login</from-outcome>
      <to-view-id>/welcome.jsp</to-view-id>
    </navigation-case>
  </navigation-rule>
  <managed-bean>
    <managed-bean-name>user</managed-bean-name>
    <managed-bean-class>com.corejsf.UserBean</managed-bean-class>
    <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
  </managed-bean>
</faces-config>
  在Struts-config.xml中有ActionForm Action以及Jsp之间的流程关系,在faces-config.xml中,也有这样的流程,我们具体解释一下Navigation:
  在index.jsp中有一个事件:
<h:commandButton label="Login" action="login" />
  action的值必须匹配form-outcome值,上述Navigation配置表示:如果在index.jsp中有一个login事件,那么事件触发后下一个页面将是welcome.jsp
  JSF有一个独立的事件发生和页面导航的流程安排,这个思路比struts要非常清晰。
  managed-bean类似Struts的ActionForm,正如可以在struts-config.xml中定义ActionForm的scope一样,这里也定义了managed-bean的scope为session。
  但是如果你只以为JSF的managed-bean就这点功能就错了,JSF融入了新的Ioc模式/依赖性注射等技术。
Ioc模式
  对于Userbean这样一个managed-bean,其代码如下:
public class UserBean {
  private String name;
  private String password;
  // PROPERTY: name
  public String getName() { return name; }
  public void setName(String newValue) { name = newValue; }
  // PROPERTY: password
  public String getPassword() { return password; }
  public void setPassword(String newValue) { password = newValue; }
<managed-bean>
  <managed-bean-name>user</managed-bean-name>
  <managed-bean-class>com.corejsf.UserBean</managed-bean-class>
  <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
  <managed-property>
    <property-name>name</property-name>
    <value>me</value>
  </managed-property>
  <managed-property>
    <property-name>password</property-name>
    <value>secret</value>
  </managed-property>
</managed-bean>
  faces-config.xml这段配置其实是将"me"赋值给name,将secret赋值给password,这是采取Ioc模式中的Setter注射方式。
  Backing Beans
  对于一个web form,我们可以使用一个bean包含其涉及的所有组件,这个bean就称为Backing Bean, Backing Bean的优点是:一个单个类可以封装相关一系列功能的数据和逻辑。
  说白了,就是一个Javabean里包含其他Javabean,互相调用,属于Facade模式或Adapter模式。
  对于一个Backing Beans来说,其中包含了几个managed-bean,managed-bean一定是有scope的,那么这其中的几个managed-beans如何配置它们的scope呢?
<managed-bean>
  <managed-property>
    <property-name>visit</property-name>
    <value>#{sessionScope.visit}</value>
  </managed-property>
  这里配置了一个Backing Beans中有一个setVisit方法,将这个visit赋值为session中的visit,这样以后在程序中我们只管访问visit对象,从中获取我们希望的数据(如用户登陆注册信息),而visit是保存在session还是application或request只需要配置既可。
  UI界面
  JSF和Struts一样,除了JavaBeans类之外,还有页面表现元素,都是是使用标签完成的,Struts也提供了struts-faces.tld标签库向JSF过渡。
  使用Struts标签库编程复杂页面时,一个最大问题是会大量使用logic标签,这个logic如同if语句,一旦写起来,搞的JSP页面象俄罗斯方块一样,但是使用JSF标签就简洁优美:
<jia:navigatorItem name="inbox" label="InBox"
  icon="/images/inbox.gif"
  action="inbox"
  disabled="#{!authenticationBean.inboxAuthorized}"/>
  如果authenticationBean中inboxAuthorized返回是假,那么这一行标签就不用显示,多干净利索!
  先写到这里,我会继续对JSF深入比较下去,如果研究过Jdon框架的人,可能会发现,Jdon框架的jdonframework.xml中service配置和managed-bean一样都使用了依赖注射,看来对Javabean的依赖注射已经迅速地成为一种新技术象征,如果你还不了解Ioc模式,赶紧补课。

JSF在很大程度上类似Struts,而不是类似Tapestry,可以说是一种Struts 2.0,都是采取标签库+组件的形式,只是JSF的组件概念没有象Struts那样必须继承ActionForm的限制;JSF在事件粒度上要细腻,不象Struts那样,一个表单一个事件,JSF可以细化到表单中的每个字段上。
  JSF只有在组件和事件机制这个概念上类似Tapestry,但是不似Tapestry那样是一个完全组件的框架,所以,如果你做一个对页面要求灵活度相当高的系统,选用Tapestry是第一考虑。
  Struts/JSF则适合在一般的数据页面录入的系统中,对于Struts和JSF的选用,我目前个人观点是:如果你是一个新的系统,可以直接从JSF开始;如果你已经使用Struts,不必转换,如果需要切换,可以将JSF和Tapestry一起考虑。
  另外,JSF/Tapestry不只是支持Html,也支持多种客户端语言如WML或XUI等。
  这三者之间关系:如果说Struts是左派;那Tapestry则是右派;而JSF则是中间派,中庸主义是SUN联盟的一贯策略。

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  • JSF - Struts Integration

    Hi,
    At my work place we r trying to integrate JSF and Struts. After doing some research we found out that Struts-Faces is d way we can achieve d same. But d problem is that struts-faces is not available...........
    Wat we need 2 know, are there any other alternatives and from where do we get d struts-faces package.........
    Thanks a lot in advance.

    Change you action from:
    <s:form action="/redirectSelectSite">
    To:
    <s:form action="/redirectSelectSite.do">
    So that your request gets processed by the Srtuts Controller. Assuming you have *.do mapped to your struts controller in web.xml.

  • JSF event handling - JSF/struts/tiles

    Has somebody had any luck integrating these technologies
    and having events for JSF work?
    Gisella

    I just came back from the Thanksgiving holiday.
    I followed the IBM tutorial and got the stuff to
    work. But I have JSF events that work fine when
    they were used in a framework with JSF only. Once I put
    Struts and Tiles, the events were not caught all the time;
    only some times. I traced the code and maybe
    because of Tiles, the Render Response Phase from JSF did not take place.
    "Ordinary Guy", when you said that you had an action listener hooked to a command button, I assume you refer
    to a JSF action listener. Right?
    Gisella

  • Related to MVC framework(struts)

    Hi all
    Friends i am having a small application which i had developed in servlets and jsp ... The problem is comming when i have to implement in struts..
    means I am having
    1>> 15 Servlet classes
    2>>10 Jsp's
    3>>7 UserServices class (BussinessLogic class)
    4>>3 bean class (for getter and setter methods)
    In this MVC framework the problem is comming at the time when i have
    to implement all the above points in the MVC framework
    please help
    Thanks all

    Hi,
    MVC stands for
    M ---- Model (Business Logic, FormBeans, Database Related)
    V ---- View (JSP, HTML etc..)
    C ---- Controller (Servlet)
    This is how you have to use MVC Framework.

  • MVC with Struts?

    If you are going to implement the MVC pattern in a webapp, what is the best framework to use?
    I've done a tutorial with Struts. Is that a good framework?
    Is there any disadvantages by using such frameworks?

    If you are going to implement the MVC pattern in a
    webapp, what is the best framework to use? None if you can do without it. The best solution is always the simplest. But you'd have to provide some requirements to get a better answer. Let me just say I've seen many projects that simply read/write small amounts of data from the database and display it on a web page, yet the architect will throw in struts, hibernate, etc. and almost all of the time (IMO) it's overkill.
    I've done a tutorial with Struts. Is that a good
    framework?Some people love it. Some people hate it. IMO it has many, many problems and I don't care for it one bit. However, it's very popular and lots of people use it, so it's not a bad skillset to have.
    Is there any disadvantages by using such frameworks?There are tons of disadvantages:
    1. The API is external (i.e. out of your control) so when it breaks you can't do anything but hack the source.
    2. Performance can be a problem, since you've got an extra layer of software to run through, but usually isn't. Struts for example isn't going to bog you down.
    3. It costs time (i.e. $$$) to train and come up to speed on how to use these frameworks. If you already know Java and have a small project you could likely complete it in the time it'd take you to learn struts.
    4. Compatibility. When the latest version of struts comes out for example, you might want to upgrade to get the latest features, but you might find it breaks the old API and now you have to fix a bunch of code because it's not backwards compatible. That's probably rare, but it's happened to me more than once with struts.
    5. Struts documentation (IMO) is horrible (maybe it's better today? i haven't used it in awhile) and it's not fun to learn.
    6. Struts error messages are ridiculous and it's often very difficult to figure out what went wrong. Whereas in core Java I find the error messages to be very helpful in telling me what I did wrong.
    The list goes on and on and on. Frameworks are bad news for many projects and then again they are saviors for others.

  • Good MVC-based Struts modular application example

    I am searching for some good modular applications in Struts as a reference for the applications we are making. It is hard to find really good examples. Most are too simple with only 2 struts-config.xml files. Also validation, tiles and MessagesResources.properties should be included.
    Even in this URL: http://sourceforge.net/projects/struts I am not able to find a good example.
    We developed several rather complex modular applications in Struts, but we would like to have a good modular application reference...

    silvousplait wrote:
    I am seeking a recommendation to a website, book, etc. that gives an extensive example of building, from scratch, a desktop application (controlling of frames, panels, exceptions, DB).
    I would like it to follow the MVC convention if possible.I'm using two books; The JFC Swing Tutorial for technical reference and Filthy Rich Clients for inspiration.

  • Struts/JSF - struts-faces.jar

    I searched the jakarta source and binary
    sites and don't see this library anymore.
    (Unless I go to the contrib dir where the source code is file
    by file).
    Where can I find struts-faces-0.4.zip and its source code (bundled)
    so I can debug my errors?
    Thanks,
    gs

    http://archive.apache.org/dist/jakarta/struts/old/release/struts-faces/

  • JSF or Struts

    Hi,
    We have a web application designed using MVC framework. Besides a web view, we now need to support mobile users using WML.
    We are considering JSF and struts (customising struts to handle WML client).
    I have read that JSF supports disparate clients efficiently using RenderKits.
    Can anyone suggest whether JSF has an easy to use WML RenderKit. How does a renderkit work? Is there any good documentation online?
    Is there a Renderkit for WML readily avaialble or will I have to make one? I know there was a link posted in one of the questions in this forum, but it is a dead link.
    Thanks in advance,
    Harsha

    JSF is better than Sturts. ("Until now there is no sucess story on JSF.")
    Becoz, Struts inventor has been hired by SunMicroSystems to work with JSF. The same guy mentioned in an interview, that struts developement will be stopped in future.
    Also..,
    Until now there is no sucess story on JSF. Only time can decide which is best.
    My suggestion is, better spend your time in learning more jsp and servlets specifications, XML/XSLT, JMS, Webservices rather JSF/Struts.
    All these frameworks like JSF/Sturts will depends on your project requirement. There is a nice book and online document in this website about design patterns. Read those things if you have time. You will get good idea.
    Well.., this is all my personal opinions.

  • It looks Oracle Form/Applet  die hard versus J2EE Servlet/JSP/JSF  & AJAX

    I left the form forum for a while and am busy with transfering our Oracle web forms app to Struts based J2EE application (just because the Oracle EE AS is the moving cause, it's out of my control.). After a year or so on J2EE which I enjoyed the fresh OO coding while keep enhancing Oracle webform app in production, I have some thought on Applet vs J2EE JSP/JSF plus AJAX.
    1) JSP itself is hard to avoid the full screen refreshing even though user just does partial changes ,e.g., lists, on the screen, it has to use AJAX to do the tricks. While partial refreshing in applet is natural default behavior.
    2) Forms is really an RAD, while J2EE's IDEs does help a bit(IBM's Websphere v6 even called iRAD) which takes way longer programming time compared to Forms. One IBM's article says it trys to win the Oracle Forms developers by giving the familiar graphical way of drag/drop GUI, so IBM recognizes the RAD coding power of Oracle Forms. So, IBM promotes the RAD similar to Oracle Forms.
    3) GUI/business rules related validation: Applet offered a great advantage over JSP/ even JSF which to avoid the full screen refresh, AJAX/JavaScript is used heavily. User friendly interaction of applet is way better than J2EE.
    4) Browser's back/refresh buttons also are headache to J2EE, expecially we need to support IE and Firefox. Applet basically is not bothered by these buttons.
    Recently, I read techi news said that the new chips will make the network transfer speed 10 time faster than now-even the cell phone transfer the image will be way faster. Then I predict the applet, just like IBM's mainframe, will see its Spring again, not like now in its winter. Especially the Oracle Forms makes coding easier than pure applet coding.
    Oracle folks, kepp beefing up the Oracle Forms, don't just pay attention to JDev. J2EE IDE, most of all, remove the Oracle EE ASxx block, be open. Oracle EE ASxx is really not a pretty baby, even though so Oracle thinks it is.

    1) Why we are transfering your Oracle web forms app to Struts based J2EE application?
    Since our corporate is IBM world-DB2/UDB, WebSphere AS (WAS) etc. It only allows Oracle Forms/reports servers to be compatible with the infrastructure. It does not allow to purchase another EE app server(espeically LDAP). We could not upgrade our forms/reports6i to 9i or 10g.
    2.Therefore the Oracle EE AS is the moving cause, it's out of my control because I did my best to talk to Oracle sales, but no avail. I am glad that I got a good chance to beef up my J2EE Struts skills.
    If extract out the forms/report9i/10g engines from the Oracle EE AS 9i/10g, (don't attempt to bundle sell the EE AS to customers-regardless of the shrinked 9.0.4 forms/reports services version, it's still another EE AS) and make them compatible with other ASs(espcially the LDAP), then Oracle Forms will have more customers.

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