Linux Oracle

Can someone tell me how to use Oracle database in my java applications on Linux OS.
I have downloaded classes12.zip and set PATH, CLASSPATH on linux but still my program is not able to find OracleDriver class
"java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: oracle:jdbc:driver:OracleDriver"
Any suggestions are really appreciated.
Thanks.

Your CLASSPATH is not getting set correctly for the application you are running.
If you are using a container, put classes12.zip in a lib directory. If you are running from a shell script, pass in the path to classes12.zip with "java -classpath ..."
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/tooldocs/win32/classpath.html
-Scott
http://www.swiftradius.com

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    在学习oracle时一般都会在windows中安装虚拟机,在虚拟机安装linux系统并[安装oracle.
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    # /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba[,oper] oracle
    给oralce用户设置密码
    # passwd oracle
    修改内核参数编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    fs.file-max = 65536
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 262144
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 262144
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    给oracle用户设置shell限制
    为了提高数据库软件在linux系统中的性能你必须给oracle用户增加以下shell限制:
    shell limit item in limits.confg hard limit
    能打开文件的最大数量 nofile 65536
    单个用户可用的最大进程数 nproc 16384
    在/etc/security/limits.conf文件中增加以下限制:
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    在/ect/pam.d/login文件如果下面显示的参数没有就增加到该文件中
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    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
    else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    fi
    对C shell(csh or tcsh)在/etc/csh.login文件中增加以下代码
    if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
    limit maxproc 16384
    limit descriptors 65536
    endif
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    # mkdir -p /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
    # chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
    # chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
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    /u01/app/oracle
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
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    创建存储数据库文件和数据库恢复文件的目录
    创建存储数据库文件的目录的命令如下:
    # mkdir /mount_point/oradata
    # chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/oradata
    # chmod 775 /mount_point/oradata
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    [root@weblogic28 ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/oradata
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chmod 775 /u01/app/oracle/oradata
    创建oracle Home目录/u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db
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    # chmod 775 /mount_point/flash_recovery_area
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    [root@weblogic28 ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chmod 775 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
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    [root@weblogic28 ~]# chmod a+wr /u01/tmp
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    查看.bash_profile文件
    vi .bash_profile
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    TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
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    export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/10.2.0/db
    export ORACLE_SID=jycs
    export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
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    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
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    export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
    CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
    CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
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    0022
    umask命令将会显示22,022或0022
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    HOSTNAME=weblogic28
    SHELL=/bin/bash
    TERM=ansi
    HISTSIZE=1000
    TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
    KDE_NO_IPV6=1
    QTDIR=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3
    QTINC=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/include
    USER=root
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    *.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*
    .bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;3
    5:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.tif=01;35:
    ORACLE_SID=jycs
    ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    KDEDIR=/usr
    MAIL=/var/spool/mail/root
    PATH=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:
    /usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
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    将数据库软件包拷贝到linux系统中
    然后解压文件
    $ gunzip filename.cpio.gz
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    再执行如下命令解压文件
    $ cpio -idmv < filename.cpio
    [oracle@weblogic28 tmp]$ cpio -idmv <10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
    database/stage/prereq/db/refhost_Custom.xml
    database/stage/prereq/db/refhost.xml
    database/stage/prereq/db/db_prereq.xml
    database/stage/prereq/db/dbprereq.jar
    database/stage/prereq/db
    database/stage/prereq/oui/knowledgesrc.xml
    database/stage/prereq/oui/rulemap.xml
    database/stage/prereq/oui/OraPrereqChecks.jar
    database/stage/prereq/oui
    database/stage/prereq/common/rulemap.xml
    database/stage/prereq/common
    会出现以上信息
    如果是远程安装可以使用VNC远程连接到linux服务器上来执行界面安装
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    [oracle@localhost ~]$ vncserver
    You will require a password to access your desktops.
    Password: ---这里要求输入vnc客户端登录的密码并重复
    Verify:
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    Creating default startup script. /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
    Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
    Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:2.log
    ----如上告诉你vnc终端已经创建好,用的是第二个终端
    2、在创建vnc服务的用户目录下会生成一个.vnc的隐藏目录
    [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls -a
    . .bash_profile Disk1 .gconfd .gstreamer-0.10 .metacity README.htm .viminfo
    .. .bashrc .eggcups .gnome .gtkrc-1.2-gnome2 .mozilla .redhat .vnc
    .bash_history .chewing .emacs .gnome2 .ICEauthority .nautilus .scim .Xauthority
    .bash_logout Desktop .gconf .gnome2_private .kde p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip .Trash .zshrc
    3、进入.vnc目录,找到xstartup可执行文件,用vi 编辑器打开
    [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd .vnc/
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ ls
    localhost.localdomain:2.log localhost.localdomain:2.pid passwd xstartup
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ vi xstartup
    #!/bin/sh
    # Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
    # unset SESSION_MANAGER
    exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ---去掉前面的#号即可 --保存退出
    [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
    [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
    xsetroot -solid grey
    vncconfig -iconic &
    xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
    twm &
    ~
    [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
    "xstartup" 12L, 333C 已写入
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ vncserver
    New 'localhost.localdomain:3 (oracle)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:3
    Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
    Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:3.log
    4、清除刚才创建的vnc虚拟终端
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ vncserver -kill :1
    Can't find file /home/oracle/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:1.pid
    You'll have to kill the Xvnc process manually
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ vncserver -kill :2
    Killing Xvnc process ID 11889
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ vncserver -kill :3
    Killing Xvnc process ID 11945
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ vncserver -kill :4
    Can't find file /home/oracle/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:4.pid
    You'll have to kill the Xvnc process manually
    5、重新建立新的vnc虚拟终端
    [oracle@localhost .vnc]$ vncserver
    New 'localhost.localdomain:2 (oracle)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:2
    Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
    Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:2.log --该终端号为 :2
    6、在windows客户端用RealVNC软件中的Run VNC Viewer客户端连接。
    7、在Run VNC Viewer 只需输入linux服务器的地址和刚才生成的终端号:2
    格式:192.168.1.56:2
    8、输入刚才配置vnc服务的时候配的即可登录linux服务器图形界面。
    如果是本地安装的话执行下面的步骤
    用root用户登录
    [root@weblogic28 ~]#xhost + 让任何用户都是启用图形界面
    切换到oracle用户
    [root@weblogic28 ~]su - oracle
    [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /database
    [oracle@weblogic28 database]$./runInstaller
    设置虚拟机的IP地址让主机可以访问虚拟机
    1、     NAT方式
    1.1     右键单击主机任务栏上的网络连接图标,选择打开网络连接页面
    1.2     启动”VMware Network Adapter VMnet8” 和 “VMware Network Adapter VMnet1”这两个连接
    1.3     右键单击“本地连接”,选择属性,打开”本地连接属性”对话框,选择”高级”标签,打开高级标签页面,选中选项”允许其它网络用户通过此计算机的internet连接来连接”,然后在”家庭网络连接”下拉列表中选择VMware Network Adapter VMnet8。
    1.4     在虚拟机上右键单击你要设置的虚拟机选“setting”(因为有的不止虚拟一台),打开”Hardware”标签页,单击”device”下的ethernet,此时在右边选中NAT:Used to share the host’s IP address. 然后点击确定。
    1.5     打开虚拟机上的Edit菜单,选择virtual network settings打开virtual network editor页面,先打开automatic bridging标签页,关闭automagic bridging,点击应用;再打开DHCP标签页,启动DHCP服务,然后点击应用;最后打开NAT标签页,启动NAT服务,然后点击应用;点击确定后退出
    1.9     启动虚拟机中的系统。
    1.10     设置虚拟机中的系统的IP地址为192.168.100.200,默认网关为192.168.100.1 (VMware Network Adapter VMnet8的IP地址),DNS服务器设置和主机中的DNS服务器一致。
    1.11     重新加载网络参数或者重新启动虚拟机中的系统。
    1.12设置静态IP地址.
    (1).命令行设置(该方式只是临时设置,系统重启后失效)
    [1].设置IP和掩码
    ifconfig 接口名(如eth0) IP地址 netmask 子网掩码
    [2].设置网关
    route add default gw 默认网关
    [3].设置DNS服务器地址
    echo "nameserver DNS服务器地址">/etc/resolv.conf
    实例:假设设置eth0的IP:192.168.1.100,DNS:192.168.1.12
    ifconfig eth0 192.168.100.200 netmask 255.255.255.0
    route add default gw 192.168.100.1
    echo "nameserver=192.168.1.12">/etc/resolv.conf
    (2).修改文件来实现配置网络(需要重启网络接口重启后IP不会改变)
    [1].修改IP地址,文件:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-接口名
    这里假设网络接口名为eth0.
    vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    DEVICE=eth0 (注:这里填的是网络接口名)
    BOOTPROTO=static
    ONBOOT=yes (注:是否随系统启动)
    IPADDR=192.168.100.200(注:这里填写的是IP地址)
    PREFIX=24 (注:这里填写的是掩码的长度)
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    GATEWAY=192.168.100.1( 注:这里写的是网关)就是VMware Network Adapter VMnet8的IP地址
    [2].修改DNS
    echo "nameserver DNS服务器地址">/etc/resolv.conf
    [3].重启网络接口(假设为eth0)
    ifup eth0(注:这里写的是接口名)
    关闭linux防火墙
    (1) 重启后永久性生效:
    开启:chkconfig iptables on
    关闭:chkconfig iptables off
    (2) 即时生效,重启后失效:
    开启:service iptables start
    关闭:service iptables stop
    linux下Oracle自动启动与停止
    1.修改Oracle系统配置文件/etc/oratab
    /etc/oratab 格式为: SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO
    把AUTO域设置为Y(大写),只有这样,oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。我的为:
    $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:Y
    这儿的ORACLE_SID和ORACLE_HOME是oracle用户下的环境变量,在不同的电脑上有不同的值.当你打开/etc/oratab的时候,修改一下就行了.
    2.编写服务脚本
    在/etc/rc.d/init.d目录下创建oracle文件作为启动脚本,内容如下:容如下:
    #!/bin/sh
    #chkconfig: 2345
    #description:oracle_orcl
    # /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle_orcl
    # auto start database orcl instance
    #set oracle env
    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
    export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    ORACLE_USER=oracle
    #start or stop script
    case $1 in
    start)
    su - "$ORACLE_USER"<<EOO
    lsnrctl start LISTENER
    sqlplus /nolog<<EOS
    connect /as sysdba
    startup
    EOS
    EOO
    stop)
    su - "$ORACLE_USER"<<EOO
    lsnrctl stop LISTENER
    sqlplus /nolog<<EOS
    connect /as sysdba
    shutdown immediate
    EOS
    EOO
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
    esac
    在oracle用户下输入如上的内容,然后保存退出,由于是启动脚本,需要执行权限;执行命令chmod a+x oracle授予oracle执行权限.
    3.建立服务连接
    ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle
    ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle
    ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle
    ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle
    ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle
    或可以通过执行以下命令来实现
    chkconfig --add oracle
    chkconfig命令运行成功后,在rc2.d,rc3.d,rc4.d,rc5.d下面建立了S99oracle 连接文件,可以在系统启动的时候,运行脚本启动数据库。在rc0.d、rc1.d和rc6.d目录下面建立了K99oracle文件,用于在系统关闭的时候自动运行脚本关闭数据库。可以使用 chkconfig --list oracle 命令查看服务配置,关于chkconfig更多的用法,可以通过man chkconfig查看
    4.测试
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    192.168.128.106 mag1-app2
    192.168.128.107 mag1-app3
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    192.168.132.107 mag2-app3
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    192.168.132.171 fo2-app2
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    192.168.132.184 uat-ipn04
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    192.168.132.186 uat-ipn06
    192.168.132.187 uat-ipn07
    192.168.132.188 uat-ipn08
    192.168.132.189 uat-ipn09
    192.168.132.190 uat-ipn10
    192.168.132.191 uat-ipn11
    192.168.132.192 uat-ipn12
    192.168.132.193 uat-ipn13
    192.168.132.194 uat-ipn14
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    192.168.132.152 trapping02
    192.168.132.153 trapping03
    192.168.132.154 trapping04
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    192.168.132.147 india-uat-vmware03
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    192.168.132.156 ascent02
    192.168.132.157 ascent03
    192.168.132.158 diad
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    192.168.132.207 ff-render03
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    # nis or yp Use NIS (NIS version 2), also called YP
    # dns Use DNS (Domain Name Service)
    # files Use the local files
    # db Use the local database (.db) files
    # compat Use NIS on compat mode
    # hesiod Use Hesiod for user lookups
    # [NOTFOUND=return] Stop searching if not found so far
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    shadow: files
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    #rpc: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
    #ethers: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
    #netmasks: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
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    netmasks: files
    networks: files
    protocols: files
    rpc: files
    services: files
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    publickey: nisplus
    automount: files nisplus
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