Macbook pro 2011 model, getting slow opening applications. freezes every now and again too. any ideas??
i have recently found that my macbook pro has been getting quite slow at opening applications. i also have countless pop-ups and advertisements on my internet browser and some applications freeze on my screen and i have to close the lid of my laptop and re-open to get it working again. My macbook was bought new last august so is not very old and i was wondering if anyone knew how to fix it?? should i take it into store?
Sounds like you got some form of malware. Not a virus per se, but something that is both impacting the running and launching the various popups.
Generally, you install these, knowingly or not. Be very wary of installing anything int he future.
For now, you need to either search them out, or get a program that can do it for you ( i am not familiar with them), or, worst case, backup, re-install system, copy only your files back. Destroy old backup and make new.
You might use the activity viewer to search for suspicious programs, then look for them, and remove them. But its hard.
Stay away form those sites and dont load stuff int he future.
Grant
Similar Messages
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Problem description:
My MacBook Pro is running really slow. Applications won’t open or take up to 10 min.
EtreCheck version: 2.1.5 (108)
Report generated December 27, 2014 at 9:15:58 PM CST
Click the [Support] links for help with non-Apple products.
Click the [Details] links for more information about that line.
Click the [Adware] links for help removing adware.
Hardware Information: ℹ️
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Late 2011) (Verified)
MacBook Pro - model: MacBookPro8,1
1 2.4 GHz Intel Core i5 CPU: 2-core
4 GB RAM Upgradeable
BANK 0/DIMM0
2 GB DDR3 1333 MHz ok
BANK 1/DIMM0
2 GB DDR3 1333 MHz ok
Bluetooth: Old - Handoff/Airdrop2 not supported
Wireless: en1: 802.11 a/b/g/n
Video Information: ℹ️
Intel HD Graphics 3000 - VRAM: 384 MB
Color LCD 1280 x 800
System Software: ℹ️
OS X 10.10.1 (14B25) - Uptime: one day 6:55:8
Disk Information: ℹ️
TOSHIBA MK5065GSXF disk0 : (500.11 GB)
EFI (disk0s1) <not mounted> : 210 MB
Recovery HD (disk0s3) <not mounted> [Recovery]: 650 MB
HD (disk1) / [Startup]: 498.88 GB (5.04 GB free) (Low!)
Core Storage: disk0s2 499.25 GB Online
MATSHITADVD-R UJ-8A8
USB Information: ℹ️
Apple Inc. FaceTime HD Camera (Built-in)
Apple Inc. BRCM2070 Hub
Apple Inc. Bluetooth USB Host Controller
Apple Inc. Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad
Apple Computer, Inc. IR Receiver
Thunderbolt Information: ℹ️
Apple Inc. thunderbolt_bus
Gatekeeper: ℹ️
Mac App Store and identified developers
Kernel Extensions: ℹ️
/System/Library/Extensions
[loaded] com.epson.driver.EPSONProjectorUDAudio (1.30 - SDK 10.4) [Support]
[not loaded] com.seagate.driver.PowSecDriverCore (5.2.6 - SDK 10.4) [Support]
/System/Library/Extensions/Seagate Storage Driver.kext/Contents/PlugIns
[not loaded] com.seagate.driver.PowSecLeafDriver_10_4 (5.2.6 - SDK 10.4) [Support]
[not loaded] com.seagate.driver.PowSecLeafDriver_10_5 (5.2.6 - SDK 10.5) [Support]
[not loaded] com.seagate.driver.SeagateDriveIcons (5.2.6 - SDK 10.4) [Support]
Problem System Launch Agents: ℹ️
[killed] com.apple.CallHistoryPluginHelper.plist
[killed] com.apple.coreservices.appleid.authentication.plist
[killed] com.apple.icloud.fmfd.plist
[killed] com.apple.telephonyutilities.callservicesd.plist
4 processes killed due to memory pressure
Problem System Launch Daemons: ℹ️
[killed] com.apple.ctkd.plist
[killed] com.apple.icloud.findmydeviced.plist
[killed] com.apple.ifdreader.plist
[killed] com.apple.nehelper.plist
[killed] com.apple.wdhelper.plist
[running] com.seagate.TBDecorator.plist [Support]
5 processes killed due to memory pressure
Launch Agents: ℹ️
[not loaded] com.adobe.AAM.Updater-1.0.plist [Support]
[loaded] com.carbonite.launchd.carbonitealerts.plist [Support]
[running] com.carbonite.launchd.carbonitestatus.plist [Support]
[loaded] com.coupons.coupond.plist [Support]
[loaded] com.hp.help.tocgenerator.plist [Support]
[loaded] com.trendmicro.itis.dca.plist [Support]
[running] com.trendmicro.itis.uimgmt.agent.plist [Support]
Launch Daemons: ℹ️
[failed] com.adobe.fpsaud.plist [Support]
[running] com.carbonite.launchd.carbonitedaemon.plist [Support]
[loaded] com.microsoft.office.licensing.helper.plist [Support]
[running] com.trendmicro.icore.av.plist [Support]
[running] com.trendmicro.icore.main.plist [Support]
[running] com.trendmicro.icore.wp.plist [Support]
[running] com.trendmicro.itis.plugin.plist [Support]
User Launch Agents: ℹ️
[loaded] com.adobe.AAM.Updater-1.0.plist [Support]
[loaded] com.google.keystone.agent.plist [Support]
[invalid?] com.jdibackup.JustCloud.autostart.plist [Support]
[invalid?] com.jdibackup.JustCloud.backupstart.plist [Support]
[loaded] com.trendmicro.itis.uninstaller.plist [Support]
User Login Items: ℹ️
iTunesHelper Application (/Applications/iTunes.app/Contents/MacOS/iTunesHelper.app)
bomgar-scc-20130819-104735 UNKNOWN (missing value)
bomgar-scc-20130905-143949 UNKNOWN (missing value)
USB Display Agent Application (/Applications/USB Display/USB Display.app/Contents/Resources/USB Display Agent.app)
WDDriveUtilityHelper Application (/Applications/WD Drive Utilities.app/Contents/Resources/WDDriveUtilityHelper.app)
WDSecurityHelper Application (/Applications/WD Security.app/Contents/Resources/WDSecurityHelper.app)
USB Display Agent Application (/Applications/USB Display/USB Display.app/Contents/Resources/USB Display Agent.app)
bomgar-scc-20130819-104735 UNKNOWN (missing value)
bomgar-scc-20130905-143949 UNKNOWN (missing value)
HP Scheduler Application (/Library/Application Support/Hewlett-Packard/Software Update/HP Scheduler.app)
HP Product Research Application (/Library/Application Support/Hewlett-Packard/Customer Participation/HP Product Research.app)
Internet Plug-ins: ℹ️
SharePointBrowserPlugin: Version: 14.4.7 - SDK 10.6 [Support]
FlashPlayer-10.6: Version: 15.0.0.223 - SDK 10.6 [Support]
CouponPrinter-FireFox_v2: Version: 5.0.5 - SDK 10.6 [Support]
Flash Player: Version: 15.0.0.223 - SDK 10.6 Mismatch! Adobe recommends 16.0.0.235
QuickTime Plugin: Version: 7.7.3
Default Browser: Version: 600 - SDK 10.10
User internet Plug-ins: ℹ️
npBcsMcTcIO: Version: Unknown [Support]
Safari Extensions: ℹ️
Trend Micro Toolbar [Installed]
3rd Party Preference Panes: ℹ️
Carbonite [Support]
Flash Player [Support]
Paragon NTFS for Mac ® OS X [Support]
Seagate Dashboard for Mac OSX [Support]
Time Machine: ℹ️
Skip System Files: NO
Mobile backups: ON
Auto backup: YES
Volumes being backed up:
HD: Disk size: 498.88 GB Disk used: 493.84 GB
Destinations:
Jens Seagate Backup [Local]
Total size: 999.86 GB
Total number of backups: 6
Oldest backup: 2014-06-24 10:33:56 +0000
Last backup: 2014-12-17 17:14:18 +0000
Size of backup disk: Too small
Backup size 999.86 GB < (Disk used 493.84 GB X 3)
My Passport for Mac [Local]
Total size: 2.00 TB
Total number of backups: 14
Oldest backup: 2013-08-21 19:19:35 +0000
Last backup: 2014-12-19 11:44:23 +0000
Size of backup disk: Excellent
Backup size 2.00 TB > (Disk size 498.88 GB X 3)
Top Processes by CPU: ℹ️
6% coreaudiod
5% CarboniteDaemon
4% iMovie
3% JustCloud
3% Wondershare Player
Top Processes by Memory: ℹ️
335 MB iPhoto Library Manager
180 MB Finder
142 MB iMovie
70 MB Preview
51 MB Microsoft Word
Virtual Memory Information: ℹ️
149 MB Free RAM
1.04 GB Active RAM
897 MB Inactive RAM
1.17 GB Wired RAM
30.53 GB Page-ins
1.42 GB Page-outs
Diagnostics Information: ℹ️
Dec 26, 2014, 05:17:12 PM /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/iPhoto_2014-12-26-171712_[redacted].cpu_resourc e.diag [Details]
Dec 26, 2014, 03:47:17 PM /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/CarboniteDaemon_2014-12-26-154717_[redacted].cp u_resource.diag [Details]
Dec 26, 2014, 02:22:01 PM Self test - passed
Dec 26, 2014, 11:48:03 AM /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/CarboniteDaemon_2014-12-26-114803_[redacted].cp u_resource.diag [Details]You have nearly run out of disk space. Either purchase a larger one or start cleaning out the one you have?
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Macbook pro 2011 model freezes after software update
my macbook pro 2011 model freezes and does a continuous alarm sound after a software update. i have taken it in twice, theyve changed the hard disk, they have done all tests but it still happens.
Run through the list of fixes here
Step by Step to fix your Mac -
Is anyone having a problem connecting 400 firewire thru an adapter for the 800 firewire port on a Macbook Pro 2011? It does a kernel panic every time I connect it. Is there a "proper way" to connect it? Just in case it makes a difference I am trying to hook up an Avid Mbox Pro for Pro tools.
What is the part number and model of Firewire adapter?
I have used them in the past without any problems whatsoever.
Allan -
when I connect an external hard drive to macbook pro it is very slow to appear on the desktop and Finder window, sometimes 20 mins or more, even with auto backup switched off . any clues?
Hi robfromkinglake west,
Try and isolate the issue. Check if it's only with this drive.
Check the drive with Disk Utility
Using Disk Utility to verify or repair disks
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1782
I've never seen a drive take 20 minutes to mount.
Nubz -
Macbook pro 2011 13" i5 slowed down, any help would be much appreciated (detailed info).
Ok first off let me preface with as much detailed information as possible, as i have read many many posts on problems and hopefully mine will be detailed enough to not cause all you wonderful people a headache.
Machine Details
Macbook Pro 13inch model (2011)
Core i5 4gb RAM 250gb Standard harddrive
As I am a very inexperienced I would very much appreciate a very idiot proof explaination, but any help I will be very thankfull for.
The laptop was running like a dream and much better than I remembered my last mac (Macintosh LC) ever did. Ive had minor hickups this last year (a trackpad that went bust under warranty and a broken power supply) otherwise its been a wonderfull experience. The final hiccup that might be a cause, not sure hence I will mention it is that my battery is Conditon: Replace Now for about a month now.
The laptop, as always was left ON, on its own connected to the wifi home network, when I returned the computer was working very slow. Any load on the harddrive/CPU. The cursor starts lagging (jumping), any keypresses are registered with a 2-10second delay. Any vidoes that i would try to play would suffer freezes in framerates/jams but audio remained fine. First step i was afraid that i may have contracted one of the new trojans so i downloaded an antivirus program, scanned the drive, but came out clean. Second step was to format the drive and perform a fresh install of OSX but no luck. Being inexperienced in Apple products i assumed that my harddrive (used to PCs) was on the fritz and went out and bought a 160gb Western Digital Black series 2.5inch harddrive. Having read all the guides and official knowledge bases on how to swap out the harddrive I did so with success. I placed in my installation OS 10.6 CD formatted the drive through the disk utility and performed a fresh install. Before doing any steps I went through the update cycle a couple of times till only the thunderbolt update remained (havent updated as I never used it). Sadly it hasnt solved the problems with cursor repsonse lag, video playback, and keyboard input lag under load.
On this install I have performed:
Verify Disk Permissions Many were found so I performed Repair Disk Permissions
Verify Disk Came up with "Appears to be OK"
performed a Pram reset (CMD+option +P +R)
My main problem is that I live in europe nowadays (Poland to be precise) and cant go to a genius bar as they dont exist, and sadly the support is a tad behind the US standards and any minor repair will be at least a 4 week wait, hence i would like to try to exhaust possible solutions before giving it off to professionals: being a month out of the warranty period has abit to do with it too:)
Sorry for the wall of text
Thanks guys for any help you could throw my way!
Chris MSee the following:
Kappy's Personal Suggestions for OS X Maintenance
For disk repairs use Disk Utility. For situations DU cannot handle the best third-party utilities are: Disk Warrior; DW only fixes problems with the disk directory, but most disk problems are caused by directory corruption; Disk Warrior 4.x is now Intel Mac compatible. Drive Genius provides additional tools not found in Disk Warrior. Versions 1.5.1 and later are Intel Mac compatible.
OS X performs certain maintenance functions that are scheduled to occur on a daily, weekly, or monthly period. The maintenance scripts run in the early AM only if the computer is turned on 24/7 (no sleep.) If this isn't the case, then an excellent solution is to download and install a shareware utility such as Macaroni, JAW PseudoAnacron, or Anacron that will automate the maintenance activity regardless of whether the computer is turned off or asleep. Dependence upon third-party utilities to run the periodic maintenance scripts was significantly reduced since Tiger. These utilities have limited or no functionality with Snow Leopard or Lion and should not be installed.
OS X automatically defragments files less than 20 MBs in size, so unless you have a disk full of very large files there's little need for defragmenting the hard drive. As for virus protection there are few if any such animals affecting OS X. You can protect the computer easily using the freeware Open Source virus protection software ClamXAV. Personally I would avoid most commercial anti-virus software because of their potential for causing problems. For more about malware see Macintosh Virus Guide.
I would also recommend downloading a utility such as TinkerTool System, OnyX 2.4.3, or Cocktail 5.1.1 that you can use for periodic maintenance such as removing old log files and archives, clearing caches, etc.
For emergency repairs install the freeware utility Applejack. If you cannot start up in OS X, you may be able to start in single-user mode from which you can run Applejack to do a whole set of repair and maintenance routines from the command line. Note that AppleJack 1.5 is required for Leopard. AppleJack 1.6 is compatible with Snow Leopard. There is no confirmation that this version also works with Lion.
When you install any new system software or updates be sure to repair the hard drive and permissions beforehand. I also recommend booting into safe mode before doing system software updates.
Get an external Firewire drive at least equal in size to the internal hard drive and make (and maintain) a bootable clone/backup. You can make a bootable clone using the Restore option of Disk Utility. You can also make and maintain clones with good backup software. My personal recommendations are (order is not significant):
Carbon Copy Cloner
Data Backup
Deja Vu
SuperDuper!
SyncTwoFolders
Synk Pro
Synk Standard
Tri-Backup
Visit The XLab FAQs and read the FAQs on maintenance, optimization, virus protection, and backup and restore.
Additional suggestions will be found in Mac Maintenance Quick Assist.
Referenced software can be found at CNet Downloads or MacUpdate.
Be sure you have an adequate amount of RAM installed for the number of applications you run concurrently. Be sure you leave a minimum of 10% of the hard drive's capacity as free space.
You may want to check for other issues outlined here:
Helpful Links Regarding Flashback Trojan
Visit Thomas Reed's site for insight and help: Mac Malware Guide
A Google search can reveal a variety of alternatives on how the remove the trojan should your computer get infected. This can get you started. However, be careful about what you do as new variants of the malware circumvent the efforts of earlier tools.
Also see Apple's article About Flashback malware.
Apple has released Java updates for Snow Leopard and Lion users:
Java for OS X Lion 2012-003; available only for users of Lion with Java installed.
Java for Mac OS X 10.6 Update 8; available only for users of Snow Leopard.
Flashback malware removal tool; available only for users of Lion without Java installed.
Install whichever shows up in Software Update. It removes the malware (if present), updates Java (if present) and tightens up Java settings for the future. You may download from Apple's web site instead of using Software Update, but it's important to know which one to get, because the other two won't work for you.
For the truly paranoid see 10 Simple Tips for Boosting The Security Of Your Mac.
However, I find it hard to understand the problems you describe on a computer if you erased the drive and reinstalled a fresh copy of OS X. -
Hi All,
I have a Macbook Pro, 5,5. It's a few years old and was running slow. My son backed up my Microsoft Office documents and my photos onto a thumb drive and ran 'wiped my computer clean'...using a disc that came with my computer. (I am NOT computer savy at all).
I was able to reinstall the Mac OS X install DVD that came with my Mac, but IPHOTO, ILIFE did not reinstall. I transferred the word documents successfully, and my photos transferred to an icon on a 'library' on the desktop, but I can't use. How do i get IPHOTO back?
Any info would be greatly appreciated.Thank you so much for responding. I will look for the other disks.
One more question - I initially decided to do this because my Mac kept opening with the date changed to 2008, and I keep having to re - enter my Web key. In addition, it was running much slower. Since I 'cleaned' everything out, I thought all would work perfect. This morning, the date changed to 2008; again AND it again asks for my Web key. Does this mean my Mac has reached it's almost end or could I have a 'bug' on it?
Again, thanks so much for your suggestions. -
Macbook Pro (2011 Model) suddenly does not boot from SSD in main bay
I have been using Macbook pro 2011 and Samsung SSD (256GB) for about a year.
All of sudden, the computer will not from SSD from the main bay, but it will boot from the optical bay.
I have tried an Intel SSD 120gb which came with the computer, but it does not work either.
However, it will boot from the regualr hard drive from the main bay.
I have read somewhere that it could be due to the hard drive flex cable.
Has anyone experienced a similar problem?It may very well be a problem with the SATA cable... for some reason (and I don't know why, but...) SSDs seem more prone in 'detecting' a faulty SATA cable than a standard hard drive. Where a hard drive will boot, an SSD will not.
I would advise purchasing a new SATA cable - from ifixit.com or powerbookmedic.com - and replacing the cable. That (normally) clears up the problem.
Clinton -
MacBook Pro 2011 - Migrated from MBP that had Flash but now it won't work
Does anyone else have a solution to this issue that does not involve doing a fresh install of Snow Leopard? There was another thread in this forum where the OP indicated that they did a fresh install of SL and that solved the issue. However, that solution is not acceptable to me.
I did a system migration from a Time Machine backup (from my old MBP which was also running 10.6.6) when I purchased my new 2011 MacBook Pro last week. All my applications seemed to be working normally until I attempted to watch a YouTube video in either Safari or Chrome. In both browsers, all I get is a black screen where the video should be playing.
I downloaded and installed the latest version of the Flash Player for Safari and I am not able to manually update the Flash Player for Chrome since that browser keeps the Flash Player up-to-date automatically. The black screen persists when attempting to watch a video on YouTube. I cleared the site cache for the Flash Player just in case something was buggy there, but the problems remains.
The last thing I tried was to remove Flash Player for Safari entirely by running the Adobe Flash Player Install Manager and choosing "Uninstall." I then re-installed Flash Player but the problem persists.
Finally, I am not running any third-party firewall software. When I right-click on a YouTube video, the menu says "Movie not loaded..."
Any assistance would be much appreciated!Created a new user account on the machine and the problem remained when logged in as the new user.
For giggles, I decided to try to pull up a YouTube video on my wife's 2010 MBP. She hasn't been complaining that she was unable to load content. I was astonished to find that Safari on her laptop is exhibiting the same issues that mine is when going to YouTube in Chrome or Safari. . .black screen where the video should be.
I know I haven't changed any configurations on our router, so I doubted that was the culprit. I can't imagine that an ISP would block YouTube, of all things. To rule these things out, I went back to my laptop and tethered it to my 3G smartphone. Still, even using the cell network, YouTube videos are "blacked out."
Also, I run several VMs, so I tried loading YouTube in Chrome and IE in Windows 7 and they both exhibit the same problem. At this point, I'm dumbfounded that both mine and my wife's MacBook Pros have the same problem when connecting to different networks and the problems persist across OS'es.
Any other suggestions you can think of aside from making a trip to the Apple Store? -
Macbook pro 2011 early cannot find right resolution for external display and keeps flickering
I have a macbook pro 2011 early running 10.9, and a LG FLATRON W2242T external screen. Also, I have a VGA to miniport from Apple and a VGA to HDMI, plus a HDMI to miniport(from Apple). By just connect with VGA to miniport to my MBP, it just flickers few times and stops detecting. But by connect VGA to HDMI converter and HDMI to miniport to my MBP, it keeps flickering, a non-stop flickering. The external screen always shows no signal. However, if I connect my MBP to my TV through HDMI to miniport, it works fine. But connecting the VGA port to my TV, it gets the same problem. I have tried clear my PRAM many times, and it gets the same result. Does anyone have the same problem? Thanks
Macbook Pro 15" Early 2011 external display won't work as it used while Snow Leopard, I hate you Lion so far. I cannot even Go Back!
Did you bother to backup or clone your SL installation before dumping it? -
Largest ssd drive for macbook pro 2011 model?
I've been trying to find the latgest SSD drive for a macbook pro 17inch 2011 model.
I need some advice, which brand to get and which speed 3gbs vs 6gbs?
Thank You!500GB - OWC as they have a money back guarantee for 30 days.
http://blog.macsales.com/10501-owcs-industry-first-money-back-guarantee-on-ssds- now-covers-6g-line -
MacBook Pro 2011 Yosemite, very slow
Hello everyone,
My question and doubt is simple.
My macbook presents with problems very slowly,
after starting the system is being used a lot of memory, with few open applications. Often without open anything.
My macbook has 4GB Ram, and start using this 3,90 GB.
Was recently replaced the logic board of the Mac.
I thank anyone who can help meYour problem may not be RAM usage. Please read this:
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201464
Try SMC and NVRAM resets:
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201295
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204063
Then try a safe boot:
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201262
Any change?
Ciao. -
My MacBook Pro 2011 model has a backlight issue- pls someone help
I have a early 2011 MacBook pro that has a backlight issue, im able to connect it to an external monitor just fine.
Brought it to a repair shop and they swapped the screen including the lvd cable but the problem still exist.
Have already spend a lot of money to no avail. What could be the issue? :(
Apple said it only needs a new screen which doesn't seem to be true.http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1713
It is under warranty https://selfsolve.apple.com/agreementWarrantyDynamic.do
If it is more than one computer and both chargers are not working I suspect you need to replace.
If it was just one Mac I might suggest reset SMC http://support.apple.com/kb/ht3964 -
My macbook pro 2011 model keeps freezing 30 seconds after start up
what happend is i tried to install Dreamweaver this installed succesfully and then when i started up the program it began to freeze so i force quit everthing and then it began to freeze so i hold the power button and it turn off and i restarted it then it said that "your computer turned of last time because of a problem do you want to open the programs that were open" click open. then i clicked cancel and it started i click google chrome and it froze completely i waited 2 hours and it was still frozen so i restarted and
Try booting into Safe mode (holding down the option key whilst booting). Your machine may run more slowly than usual, but at least it will let us know if you've a faulty kernel extension causing the problem.
Clinton
P.S. Which version of Dreamweaver? The CS6 or CC version? -
i bought my MacBook Pro off a friend of mine last year, she did not restore it before selling it to me & I do not have the disk to restore it that way so I followed online directions to restore with the he power button option button method. It worked up until where it asks me to reinstall Mountain Lion OS, I select accept and agree to the terms and conditions which then asks for my Apple ID,once I enter the log in it it tells me that I am unable to download the software because it is unavailable and to try again later so my laptop is essentially useless right now and won't let me reinstall the hardware needed. Is there a way to fix this or do I need to take it into a store for a genius bar appointment. I am really trying to avoid that.
Before buying a second-hand computer, you should have run Apple Diagnostics or the Apple Hardware Test, whichever is applicable.
The first thing to do after buying the computer is to erase the internal drive and install a clean copy of OS X. You—not the original owner—must do that. Changes made by Apple over the years have made this seemingly straightforward task very complex.
How you go about it depends on the model, and on whether you already own another Mac. If you're not sure of the model, enter the serial number on this page. Then find the model on this page to see what OS version was originally installed.
It's unsafe, and may be unlawful, to use a computer with software installed by a previous owner.
1. If you don't own another Mac
a. If the machine shipped with OS X 10.4 or 10.5, you need a boxed and shrink-wrapped retail Snow Leopard (OS X 10.6) installation disc from the Apple Store or a reputable reseller—not from eBay or anything of the kind. If the machine is very old and has less than 1 GB of memory, you'll need to add more in order to install 10.6. Preferably, install as much memory as it can take, according to the technical specifications.
b. If the machine shipped with OS X 10.6, you need the installation media that came with it: gray installation discs, or a USB flash drive for a MacBook Air. You should have received the media from the original owner, but if you didn't, order replacements from Apple. A retail disc, or the gray discs from another model, will not work.
To start up from an optical disc or a flash drive, insert it, then restart the computer and hold down the C key at the startup chime. Release the key when you see the gray Apple logo on the screen.
c. If the machine shipped with OS X 10.7 or later, you don't need media. It should start up in Internet Recovery mode when you hold down the key combination option-command-R at the startup chime. Release the keys when you see a spinning globe.
d. Some 2010-2011 models shipped with OS X 10.6 and received a firmware update after 10.7 was released, enabling them to use Internet Recovery. If you have one of those models, you can't reinstall 10.6 even from the original media, and Internet Recovery will not work either without the original owner's Apple ID. In that case, contact Apple Support, or take the machine to an Apple Store or another authorized service provider to have the OS installed.
2. If you do own another Mac
If you already own another Mac that was upgraded in the App Store to the version of OS X that you want to install, and if the new Mac is compatible with it, then you can install it. Use Recovery Disk Assistant to prepare a USB device, then start up the new Mac from it by holding down the C key at the startup chime. Alternatively, if you have a Time Machine backup of OS X 10.7.3 or later on an external hard drive (not a Time Capsule or other network device), you can start from that by holding down the option key and selecting it from the row of icons that appears. Note that if your other Mac was never upgraded in the App Store, you can't use this method.
3. Partition and install OS X
a. If you see a lock screen when trying to start up from installation media or in Recovery mode, then a firmware password was set by the previous owner, or the machine was remotely locked via iCloud. You'll either have to contact the owner or take the machine to an Apple Store or another service provider to be unlocked. You may be asked for proof of ownership.
b. Launch Disk Utility and select the icon of the internal drive—not any of the volume icons nested beneath it. In the Partition tab, select the default options: a GUID partition table with one data volume in Mac OS Extended (Journaled) format. This operation will permanently remove all existing data on the drive.
c. An unusual problem may arise if all the following conditions apply:
OS X 10.7 or later was installed by the previous owner
The startup volume was encrypted with FileVault
You're booted in Recovery mode (that is, not from a 10.6 installation disc)
In that case, you won't be able to unlock the volume or partition the drive without the FileVault password. Ask for guidance or see this discussion.
d. After partitioning, quit Disk Utility and run the OS X Installer. If you're installing a version of OS X acquired from the App Store, you will need the Apple ID and password that you used. When the installation is done, the system will automatically restart into the Setup Assistant, which will prompt you to transfer the data from another Mac, its backups, or from a Windows computer. If you have any data to transfer, this is usually the best time to do it.
e. Run Software Update and install all available system updates from Apple. To upgrade to a major version of OS X newer than 10.6, get it from the Mac App Store. Note that you can't keep an upgraded version that was installed by the original owner. He or she can't legally transfer it to you, and without the Apple ID you won't be able to update it in Software Update or reinstall, if that becomes necessary. The same goes for any App Store products that the previous owner installed—you have to repurchase them.
4. Other issues
a. If the original owner "accepted" the bundled iLife applications (iPhoto, iMovie, and Garage Band) in the App Store so that he or she could update them, then they're irrevocably linked to that Apple ID and you won't be able to download them without buying them. Reportedly, Mac App Store Customer Service has sometimes issued redemption codes for these apps to second owners who asked.
b. If the previous owner didn't deauthorize the computer in the iTunes Store under his Apple ID, you wont be able to authorize it immediately under your ID. In that case, you'll either have to wait up to 90 days or contact iTunes Support.
c. When trying to create a new iCloud account, you might get a failure message: "Account limit reached." Apple imposes a lifetime limit of three iCloud account setups per device. Erasing the device does not reset the limit. You can still use an iCloud account that was created on another device, but you won't be able to create a new one. Contact iCloud Support for more information. The setup limit doesn't apply to Apple ID accounts used for other services, such as the iTunes and Mac App Stores, or iMessage. You can create as many of those accounts as you like.
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