Macbook pro trouble shooting

Question

Hi all,
I have struggled with my mbp for weeks. It all started with one night when I did not shut down it for the whole night, leaving word, eclipse...etc running for the whole night. Then the next morning the laptop just broke down. It freezes all the time(with the colorful beach ball) and when I took it to the Apple Store, they just test the hard drive (which showed the test failed). I do not want to get a regular HDD from Apple Store so I brought a Samsung 840 evo online and performed a clean install with bootable usb drive and installed Yosemite to my laptop. (I have tried Mavericks and it was just too hard to boot up.) It still stuck all the time, during safe mode, after every click, and I myself as a girl and a student just got so disappointed after spending so many time on it. Still,  I want to figure out what is wrong.Either SATA cable, hard drive cable, logic board or something else...... I tried clean install many times, tried reset SMC,PRAM,Disk Utility.....etc.
Also, when I ran the Apple Hardware Test, it gave the error code 4HDD/11/40000004: SATA(0,0), but I got the code before and after I installed the new ssd, and I also saw someone's laptop runs smoothly but still gets the error code, so I am suspect if this error indicates problem about my hard drive.
So much thanks if anyone can help me!!!!!!!
MacBook Pro 13-inch, Mid 2012
2.9 GHz Intel Core i7
8GB 1600 MHz DDR4
Intel HD Graphics 4000 1024 MB
Bell

Answer 1

Here's how it should be setup:
Install Mavericks, Lion/Mountain Lion Using Internet Recovery
Be sure you backup your files to an external drive or second internal drive because the following procedure will remove everything from the hard drive.
Boot to the Internet Recovery HD:
Restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the COMMAND-OPTION- R keys until a globe appears on the screen. Wait patiently - 15-20 minutes - until the Recovery main menu appears.
Partition and Format the hard drive:
Select Disk Utility from the main menu and click on the Continue button.
After DU loads select your newly installed hard drive (this is the entry with the mfgr.'s ID and size) from the left side list. Click on the Partition tab in the DU main window.
Under the Volume Scheme heading set the number of partitions from the drop down menu to one. Click on the Options button, set the partition scheme to GUID then click on the OK button. Set the format type to Mac OS Extended (Journaled.) Click on the Partition button and wait until the process has completed. Quit DU and return to the main menu.
Reinstall OS X: Select Reinstall OS X and click on the Install button. Be sure to select the correct drive to use if you have more than one.
Note: You will need an active Internet connection. I suggest using Ethernet if possible because it is three times faster than wireless.
This should restore the version of OS X originally pre-installed on the computer.