MacBook shuts down abruptly after some time, then has problems starting

I have 13" MacBook that I'm having some problems with. I have OS X and Windows XP in a dual boot configuration, and the problem happens in either OS. I can only use the computer for anything from 3 to 30 minutes before it suddenly shuts down.
When this first happens, I get trouble restarting it. It often just comes as far as intialising the DVD-ROM (you hear the sound), then it shuts off again. It can take up to ten starts before it powers up again. And then it's just a matter of time before the whole thing starts again. This happens regardless if I have the charger connected or not, or if I use just the charger and remove the battery.
At first it was thought that the battery was faulty, and I received a new one last spring. However, the problem quickly returned, and I haven't bother to do anything more about it before now. Suffice to say, I miss using my shiny MacBook, and I hope that someone can point me out in the right direction. As the computer is 2 years this may, I doubt I can get it repaired for free on the warranty(?).
Long post, but I hope I've explained the problem thourough enough. I believe I did the SMC reset and software update last summer, though I'm not sure which revision I'm on. If there's any more information I can provide, please let me know. It just takes some time to get the computer to stay on long enough to check stuff

Thank you so much for answering! I've actually read your answer to other similar forum, and have just installed iStatPro. it says that my fan is "exhaust" and at 0rpm. do i HAVE to replace the fan to a new one? can I just open up my mac and clean out the fan? if so, would you recommend this instead of buying a new fan? one last thing, if I buy a new fan, is it easy for me to replace it by myself? again, thank you so much for your answer.

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