Mail server setup issues

Question

Hi.
I am in trouble setting up a basic mail server. I just spent the last 10 or so hours, in one more try to set it, and yet no results.
Please, give some help as i am becoming sort of desperated with it
This time, i followed this guide since the beginning.
What I've done:
- Created a user vmail, with home directory set on /var/mail/vmail/
- Had a LAMP server already working.
- Created two databases: postfix_db and roundcube_db, owned by postfix_user and roundcube_user respectively.
- Since it is for personal use and i don't use "old/odd clients like Outlook"  i skipped smtps. And made the following files:
My postfix main.cf(every commented line removed):
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/bin
daemon_directory = /usr/lib/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
mydomain = mydomainname.tld
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_database = $alias_maps
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command =
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
sendmail_path = /usr/bin/sendmail
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
setgid_group = postdrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
sample_directory = /etc/postfix/sample
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix
inet_protocols = ipv4
relay_domains = *
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vmail
virtual_mailbox_limit = 512000000
virtual_minimum_uid = 5000
virtual_transport = virtual
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
local_transport = virtual
local_recipient_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps
transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtpd_sasl_security_options
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/private/server.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/server.key
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $mydomain
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
Postfix master.cf
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
relay unix - - n - - smtp
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps.cf (sample password)
user = postfix_user
password = m/<~VN4XQ!G=jE[A/-
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix_db
query = SELECT goto FROM alias WHERE address='%s' AND active = true
/etc/postfix/virtual_domains_maps.cf
user = postfix_user
password = m/<~VN4XQ!G=jE[A/-
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix_db
query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain='%s' AND backupmx = false AND active = true
/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_limits.cf
user = postfix_user
password = m/<~VN4XQ!G=jE[A/-
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix_db
query = SELECT quota FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s'
/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfix_user
password = m/<~VN4XQ!G=jE[A/-
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix_db
query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = true
- Created the SSL key with no problem, and put it in place.
Edited dovecot.conf:
protocols = imap pop3
auth_mechanisms = plain
passdb {
driver = sql
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
userdb sql {
driver = sql
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
service auth {
unix_listener auth-client {
group = postfix
mode = 0660
user = postfix
user = root
mail_home = /var/mail/vmail/%d/%u
mail_location = maildir:~
ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/private/server.crt
ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/server.key
dict {
#quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
#expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
!include conf.d/*.conf
!include_try local.conf
/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
driver = mysql
connect = host=localhost dbname=postfix_db user=postfix_user password=m/<~VN4XQ!G=jE[A/-
default_pass_scheme = MD5-CRYPT
user_query = SELECT '/var/mail/vmail/%d/%u' as home, 'maildir:/var/mail/vmail/%d/%u' as mail, 5000 AS uid, 5000 AS gid, concat('dirsize:storage=', quota) AS quota FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1'
password_query = SELECT username as user, password, '/var/mail/vmail/%d/%u' as userdb_home, 'maildir:/var/mail/vmail/%d/%u' as userdb_mail, 5000 as userdb_uid, 5000 as userdb_gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1'
- Installed postfixadmin and roundcube and made their apache alias.
- Made directories writable for them.
/etc/webapps/postfixadmin/config.inc.php (note that there is no "?>" to end the script, it came just like that, and since it had no error there ill assume its normal)
<?php
$CONF['configured'] = true;
$CONF['setup_password'] = '562bc24a874b0c2a7340e3da04b3fdf6:d60282f5cbc19340c73cafbb6526379be696a7c7';
$CONF['postfix_admin_url'] = '[url]http://mydomain.com/postfixadmin[/url]';
$CONF['postfix_admin_path'] = dirname(__FILE__);
$CONF['default_language'] = 'en';
$CONF['database_prefix'] = '';
$CONF['database_tables'] = array (
'admin' => 'admin',
'alias' => 'alias',
'alias_domain' => 'alias_domain',
'config' => 'config',
'domain' => 'domain',
'domain_admins' => 'domain_admins',
'fetchmail' => 'fetchmail',
'log' => 'log',
'mailbox' => 'mailbox',
'vacation' => 'vacation',
'vacation_notification' => 'vacation_notification',
'quota' => 'quota',
'quota2' => 'quota2',
$CONF['admin_email'] = '[email protected]';
$CONF['smtp_server'] = 'localhost';
$CONF['smtp_port'] = '25';
$CONF['encrypt'] = 'md5crypt';
$CONF['authlib_default_flavor'] = 'md5raw';
$CONF['dovecotpw'] = "/usr/sbin/dovecotpw";
$CONF['min_password_length'] = 5;
$CONF['generate_password'] = 'NO';
$CONF['show_password'] = 'NO';
$CONF['page_size'] = '10';
$CONF['default_aliases'] = array (
'abuse' => '[email protected]',
'hostmaster' => '[email protected]',
'postmaster' => '[email protected]',
'webmaster' => '[email protected]'
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'NO';
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'YES';
$CONF['maildir_name_hook'] = 'NO';
$CONF['aliases'] = '10';
$CONF['mailboxes'] = '10';
$CONF['maxquota'] = '10';
$CONF['quota'] = 'NO';
$CONF['quota_multiplier'] = '1024000';
$CONF['transport'] = 'NO';
$CONF['transport_options'] = array (
'virtual', // for virtual accounts
'local', // for system accounts
'relay' // for backup mx
$CONF['transport_default'] = 'virtual';
$CONF['vacation'] = 'NO';
$CONF['vacation_domain'] = 'autoreply.change-this-to-your.domain.tld';
$CONF['vacation_control'] ='YES';
$CONF['vacation_control_admin'] = 'YES';
$CONF['alias_control'] = 'NO';
$CONF['alias_control_admin'] = 'NO';
$CONF['special_alias_control'] = 'NO';
$CONF['alias_goto_limit'] = '0';
$CONF['alias_domain'] = 'YES';
$CONF['backup'] = 'YES';
$CONF['sendmail'] = 'YES';
$CONF['logging'] = 'YES';
$CONF['fetchmail'] = 'YES';
$CONF['fetchmail_extra_options'] = 'NO';
$CONF['show_header_text'] = 'NO';
$CONF['header_text'] = ':: Postfix Admin ::';
$CONF['user_footer_link'] = "[url]http://mydomain.com[/url]";
$CONF['show_footer_text'] = 'YES';
$CONF['footer_text'] = 'Return to mydomain.com';
$CONF['footer_link'] = '[url]http://mydomain.com[/url]';
$CONF['welcome_text'] = <<<EOM
Welcome to your new account.
EOM;
$CONF['emailcheck_resolve_domain']='YES';
$CONF['show_status']='NO';
$CONF['show_status_key']='NO';
$CONF['show_status_text']='&nbsp;&nbsp;';
$CONF['show_undeliverable']='NO';
$CONF['show_undeliverable_color']='tomato';
$CONF['show_undeliverable_exceptions']=array("unixmail.domain.ext","exchangeserver.domain.ext","gmail.com");
$CONF['show_popimap']='NO';
$CONF['show_popimap_color']='darkgrey';
$CONF['show_custom_domains']=array("subdomain.domain.ext","domain2.ext");
$CONF['show_custom_colors']=array("lightgreen","lightblue");
$CONF['recipient_delimiter'] = "";
$CONF['create_mailbox_subdirs_prefix']='INBOX.';
$CONF['used_quotas'] = 'NO';
$CONF['new_quota_table'] = 'NO';
$CONF['theme_logo'] = 'images/logo-default.png';
$CONF['theme_css'] = 'css/default.css';
$CONF['xmlrpc_enabled'] = false;
if (file_exists(dirname(__FILE__) . '/config.local.php')) {
include(dirname(__FILE__) . '/config.local.php');
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'YES';
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'YES';
$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysqli';
$CONF['database_host'] = 'localhost';
$CONF['database_user'] = 'postfix_user';
$CONF['database_password'] = 'm/<~VN4XQ!G=jE[A/-';
$CONF['database_name'] = 'postfix_db';
- I went to domain/postfixAdmin/setup.php and domain/roundcube/installer/ and everything was ok.
db.inc.php (roundcube):
<?php
$rcmail_config = array();
$rcmail_config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysql://roundcube_user:%3D%29CYbd9bK%210Z7%29AsWU@localhost/roundcube_db';
$rcmail_config['db_dsnr'] = '';
$rcmail_config['db_persistent'] = FALSE;
$rcmail_config['db_table_users'] = 'users';
$rcmail_config['db_table_identities'] = 'identities';
$rcmail_config['db_table_contacts'] = 'contacts';
$rcmail_config['db_table_contactgroups'] = 'contactgroups';
$rcmail_config['db_table_contactgroupmembers'] = 'contactgroupmembers';
$rcmail_config['db_table_session'] = 'session';
$rcmail_config['db_table_cache'] = 'cache';
$rcmail_config['db_table_cache_index'] = 'cache_index';
$rcmail_config['db_table_cache_thread'] = 'cache_thread';
$rcmail_config['db_table_cache_messages'] = 'cache_messages';
$rcmail_config['db_table_dictionary'] = 'dictionary';
$rcmail_config['db_table_searches'] = 'searches';
$rcmail_config['db_table_system'] = 'system';
$rcmail_config['db_sequence_users'] = 'user_ids';
$rcmail_config['db_sequence_identities'] = 'identity_ids';
$rcmail_config['db_sequence_contacts'] = 'contact_ids';
$rcmail_config['db_sequence_contactgroups'] = 'contactgroups_ids';
$rcmail_config['db_sequence_searches'] = 'search_ids';
main.inc.php(roundcube):
<?php
$rcmail_config = array();
$rcmail_config['debug_level'] = 5;
$rcmail_config['log_driver'] = 'file';
$rcmail_config['log_date_format'] = 'd-M-Y H:i:s O';
$rcmail_config['syslog_id'] = 'roundcube';
$rcmail_config['syslog_facility'] = LOG_USER;
$rcmail_config['smtp_log'] = true;
$rcmail_config['log_logins'] = false;
$rcmail_config['log_session'] = false;
$rcmail_config['sql_debug'] = false;
$rcmail_config['imap_debug'] = false;
$rcmail_config['ldap_debug'] = false;
$rcmail_config['smtp_debug'] = false;
$rcmail_config['default_host'] = 'tls://localhost/';
$rcmail_config['default_port'] = 993;
$rcmail_config['imap_auth_type'] = null;
$rcmail_config['imap_delimiter'] = null;
$rcmail_config['imap_ns_personal'] = null;
$rcmail_config['imap_ns_other'] = null;
$rcmail_config['imap_ns_shared'] = null;
$rcmail_config['imap_force_caps'] = false;
$rcmail_config['imap_force_lsub'] = false;
$rcmail_config['imap_force_ns'] = false;
$rcmail_config['imap_timeout'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['imap_auth_cid'] = null;
$rcmail_config['imap_auth_pw'] = null;
$rcmail_config['imap_cache'] = null;
$rcmail_config['messages_cache'] = false;
$rcmail_config['smtp_server'] = 'tls://localhost/';
$rcmail_config['smtp_port'] = 587;
$rcmail_config['smtp_user'] = '';
$rcmail_config['smtp_pass'] = '';
$rcmail_config['smtp_auth_type'] = '';
$rcmail_config['smtp_auth_cid'] = null;
$rcmail_config['smtp_auth_pw'] = null;
$rcmail_config['smtp_helo_host'] = '';
$rcmail_config['smtp_timeout'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['enable_installer'] = false;
$rcmail_config['dont_override'] = array();
$rcmail_config['support_url'] = '';
$rcmail_config['skin_logo'] = 'sorrybutnocookie';
$rcmail_config['auto_create_user'] = true;
$rcmail_config['user_aliases'] = false;
$rcmail_config['log_dir'] = 'logs/';
$rcmail_config['temp_dir'] = 'temp/';
$rcmail_config['message_cache_lifetime'] = '10d';
$rcmail_config['force_https'] = false;
$rcmail_config['use_https'] = false;
$rcmail_config['login_autocomplete'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['login_lc'] = 2;
$rcmail_config['skin_include_php'] = false;
$rcmail_config['display_version'] = false;
$rcmail_config['session_lifetime'] = 10;
$rcmail_config['session_domain'] = '';
$rcmail_config['session_name'] = null;
$rcmail_config['session_auth_name'] = null;
$rcmail_config['session_path'] = null;
$rcmail_config['session_storage'] = 'db';
$rcmail_config['memcache_hosts'] = null;
$rcmail_config['ip_check'] = true;
$rcmail_config['referer_check'] = false;
$rcmail_config['x_frame_options'] = 'sameorigin';
$rcmail_config['des_key'] = '0JaV%FnEivx9e+JdH2g*?n3n';
$rcmail_config['username_domain'] = '';
$rcmail_config['mail_domain'] = '';
$rcmail_config['password_charset'] = 'ISO-8859-1';
$rcmail_config['sendmail_delay'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['max_recipients'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['max_group_members'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['useragent'] = 'Roundcube Webmail/'.RCMAIL_VERSION;
$rcmail_config['product_name'] = 'Test';
$rcmail_config['include_host_config'] = false;
$rcmail_config['generic_message_footer'] = '';
$rcmail_config['generic_message_footer_html'] = '';
$rcmail_config['http_received_header'] = false;
$rcmail_config['http_received_header_encrypt'] = false;
$rcmail_config['mail_header_delimiter'] = NULL;
$rcmail_config['line_length'] = 72;
$rcmail_config['send_format_flowed'] = true;
$rcmail_config['mdn_use_from'] = false;
$rcmail_config['identities_level'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['client_mimetypes'] = null;
$rcmail_config['mime_magic'] = null;
$rcmail_config['mime_types'] = null;
$rcmail_config['im_identify_path'] = null;
$rcmail_config['im_convert_path'] = null;
$rcmail_config['image_thumbnail_size'] = 240;
$rcmail_config['contact_photo_size'] = 160;
$rcmail_config['email_dns_check'] = false;
$rcmail_config['no_save_sent_messages'] = false;
$rcmail_config['plugins'] = array();
$rcmail_config['message_sort_col'] = '';
$rcmail_config['message_sort_order'] = 'DESC';
$rcmail_config['list_cols'] = array('subject', 'status', 'fromto', 'date', 'size', 'flag', 'attachment');
$rcmail_config['language'] = null;
$rcmail_config['date_format'] = 'Y-m-d';
$rcmail_config['date_formats'] = array('Y-m-d', 'Y/m/d', 'Y.m.d', 'd-m-Y', 'd/m/Y', 'd.m.Y', 'j.n.Y');
$rcmail_config['time_format'] = 'H:i';
$rcmail_config['time_formats'] = array('G:i', 'H:i', 'g:i a', 'h:i A');
$rcmail_config['date_short'] = 'D H:i';
$rcmail_config['date_long'] = 'Y-m-d H:i';
$rcmail_config['drafts_mbox'] = 'Drafts';
$rcmail_config['junk_mbox'] = 'Junk';
$rcmail_config['sent_mbox'] = 'Sent';
$rcmail_config['trash_mbox'] = 'Trash';
$rcmail_config['default_folders'] = array('INBOX', 'Drafts', 'Sent', 'Junk', 'Trash');
$rcmail_config['create_default_folders'] = false;
$rcmail_config['protect_default_folders'] = true;
$rcmail_config['quota_zero_as_unlimited'] = false;
$rcmail_config['enable_spellcheck'] = false;
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_dictionary'] = false;
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_engine'] = 'googie';
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_uri'] = '';
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_languages'] = NULL;
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_ignore_caps'] = false;
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_ignore_nums'] = false;
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_ignore_syms'] = false;
$rcmail_config['recipients_separator'] = ',';
$rcmail_config['max_pagesize'] = 200;
$rcmail_config['min_refresh_interval'] = 60;
$rcmail_config['upload_progress'] = false;
$rcmail_config['undo_timeout'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['address_book_type'] = 'sql';
$rcmail_config['ldap_public'] = array();
$rcmail_config['autocomplete_addressbooks'] = array('sql');
$rcmail_config['autocomplete_min_length'] = 1;
$rcmail_config['autocomplete_threads'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['autocomplete_max'] = 15;
$rcmail_config['address_template'] = '{street}<br/>{locality} {zipcode}<br/>{country} {region}';
$rcmail_config['addressbook_search_mode'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['default_charset'] = 'ISO-8859-1';
$rcmail_config['skin'] = 'larry';
$rcmail_config['mail_pagesize'] = 50;
$rcmail_config['addressbook_pagesize'] = 50;
$rcmail_config['addressbook_sort_col'] = 'surname';
$rcmail_config['addressbook_name_listing'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['timezone'] = 'auto';
$rcmail_config['prefer_html'] = true;
$rcmail_config['show_images'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['message_extwin'] = false;
$rcmail_config['compose_extwin'] = false;
$rcmail_config['htmleditor'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['prettydate'] = true;
$rcmail_config['draft_autosave'] = 300;
$rcmail_config['preview_pane'] = false;
$rcmail_config['preview_pane_mark_read'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['logout_purge'] = false;
$rcmail_config['logout_expunge'] = false;
$rcmail_config['inline_images'] = true;
$rcmail_config['mime_param_folding'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['skip_deleted'] = false;
$rcmail_config['read_when_deleted'] = true;
$rcmail_config['flag_for_deletion'] = false;
$rcmail_config['refresh_interval'] = 60;
$rcmail_config['check_all_folders'] = false;
$rcmail_config['display_next'] = true;
$rcmail_config['autoexpand_threads'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['reply_mode'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['strip_existing_sig'] = true;
$rcmail_config['show_sig'] = 1;
$rcmail_config['force_7bit'] = false;
$rcmail_config['search_mods'] = null;
$rcmail_config['addressbook_search_mods'] = null;
$rcmail_config['delete_always'] = false;
$rcmail_config['delete_junk'] = false;
$rcmail_config['mdn_requests'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['mdn_default'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['dsn_default'] = 0;
$rcmail_config['reply_same_folder'] = false;
$rcmail_config['forward_attachment'] = false;
$rcmail_config['default_addressbook'] = null;
$rcmail_config['spellcheck_before_send'] = false;
$rcmail_config['autocomplete_single'] = false;
$rcmail_config['default_font'] = 'Verdana';
- From what i can see, postfixadmin used and populated its database, but not roundcube.
- I can open postfixadmin and log in with no apparent errors (not that i know what to do with it instead of roundcube, but at least works...)
- Whenever i open roundcube it begins to output errors everywhere about db connection (I was only able after changing its .htaccess to Allow from all, is it a bad idea?)
DB Error in /usr/share/webapps/roundcubemail/program/lib/Roundcube/rcube_db.php (416): [1146] Table 'roundcube_db.session' doesn't exist (SQL Query: SELECT vars, ip, changed FROM session WHERE sess_id = 'pq5ofv7ja0gh2sunsg38jmd3g1')
Warning: session_start(): Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent in /usr/share/webapps/roundcubemail/program/lib/Roundcube/rcube.php on line 445
DB Error: [1146] Table 'roundcube_db.session' doesn't exist
DATABASE ERROR: CONNECTION FAILED!
Unable to connect to the database!
Please contact your server-administrator.
DB Error in /usr/share/webapps/roundcubemail/program/lib/Roundcube/rcube_db.php (416): [1146] Table 'roundcube_db.session' doesn't exist (SQL Query: INSERT INTO session (sess_id, vars, ip, created, changed) VALUES ('pq5ofv7ja0gh2sunsg38jmd3g1', 'dGVtcHxiOjE7bGFuZ3VhZ2V8czo1OiJlbl9VUyI7dGFza3xzOjU6ImxvZ2luIjs=', 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx', '2014-02-08 07:34:46', '2014-02-08 07:34:46'))
Thats all i know. Whats wrong? (i already tried to set db logins with no pw at all, but still with the same problems)
How far am i to be able to send/receive one email? Please, tell me i am close...
Mail servers could be so much more linear to set up
Thanks for your help. Time to get some sleep!

Answer 1

The roundcube db schema needs to setup manually. See /usr/share/webapps/roundcube/INSTALL
Also, from your /etc/webapps/postfixadmin/config.inc.php:
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'NO';
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'YES';
$CONF['maildir_name_hook'] = 'NO';
..which results in /var/mail/vmail/[email protected]
From your dovecot.conf
mail_home = /var/mail/vmail/%d/%u
...which results in /var/mail/vmail/domain.com/user
That doesn't fit together.