Mail won't talk to my IMAP servers

I've been trying to play with using Mail.app (I'm still using Eudora) but can't get it to talk to any of my IMAP servers. I've tried three different ones that I have accounts on, all running different sofware and on different computers. Mail refuses to talk to them, and I can't see why. I can telnet to port 143 on each of them. I've tried deleting the account info in Mail and recreating it, but to no avail. For each attempt, Mail's "connection doctor" shows:
CONNECTED Jul 09 11:56:09.171 [kCFStreamSocketSecurityLevelNone] -- host:XXX.XXXX.XXX -- port:143 -- socket:0x121b66ec0 -- thread:0x1206ab780
This appears to show that it opened a TCP connection to the IMAP port (143) on the server, but didn't receive or send any data.
If I manually Telnet to the IMAP port on the server, I get an IMAP gretting and can send commands. So why can't Mail?
$ telnet XXX.XXXX.XXX 143
Trying XX.XX.XX.XX...
Connected to XXX.XXXX.XXX.
Escape character is '^]'.
* OK IMAP4 server ready (XXXXXXXXXX)
a1 logout
* BYE server logging out
a1 OK LOGOUT complete
Connection closed by foreign host.
Mail connects to all of my SMTP servers just fine; the Connection Doctor shows Mail opening connections, receiving an SMTP greeting, etc. It does this for servers using port 25, 587, and custom ports.
UPDATE: On a lark, I configured an SSH tunnel on my local machine that forwards port 9143 to port 143 on one of the actual machines (note: this of course adds no security, since the tunnel terminates locally). I then configured a new account in Mail, told it the server was 'localhost' and the IMAP port to use is '9143' and Mail talks to it! What can I do to get Mail to talk to an IMAP server over port 143?

Same with me here...
Hey, come on, i can't connect so any more of my Gmail accounts using mail 3.6 (+ the 10.5.7 update too), my University mail account works (configured having a mail.any_university.com server).
Hey apple guys, this can't be...!???!
Maybe you should concentrate a little more on things your computer users need than on making a new iphone that is smaller than a walnut.
I wanna be able to check my mails again !

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Same with me here...
Hey, come on, i can't connect so any more of my Gmail accounts using mail 3.6 (+ the 10.5.7 update too), my University mail account works (configured having a mail.any_university.com server).
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Send Apple feedback. They won't answer, but at least will know there is a problem. If enough people send feedback, it may get the problem solved sooner.
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Same problem as so many other loyal Mac users on these forums...
New Macbook Pro 2013 running Mavericks 10.9.1 and Mail 7.1 (1827).
It's been synching fine with Gmail IMAP for months. Then two days ago, was no longer to synch incoming mail. I can still send Gmail fine. just won't receive new mail.
Yes, I checked my settings. They're fine.
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Mac Mail stopped synching my inbound GMail last evening. Was working fine for several months on 10.9.x. Non-GMail accounts worked okay. Connection Doctor was all green. Restarted Mail and the laptop a few times. Tried Safe Mode, repaired permissions and system disk.
There's a link to Google support at the bottom of the Mail > Preferences > Accounts window so I clicked it, poked around and found this troubleshooting suggestion on the Known Issues page a few minutes ago (link is below):
IMAP client stopped syncing mail from the server
If you are experiencing problems with your IMAP client, try changing the visibility of “All mail” and “Drafts” labels from the (GMail web) settings:
Click the gear icon in the upper-right and select Gmail settings on the top of any Gmail page.
Select the Labels tab.
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Neither of these were checked as I didn't want "All mail" sent down to my Mac. But changing these settings caused unsynced mail to be delivered. Permanent fix? Who knows? Thought I'd mention it though.
https://support.google.com/mail/known-issues/14973?hl=en&ref_topic=3394215

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Mail appears to not provide login information to any of my IMAP accounts. The iPad, iPhone, and Thunderbird on the same Mac all work with the same credentials. Just Apple Mail on the Mac fails. It fails for all user accounts on the same Mac. This has been a problem for a long time.
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Here is the relevant connection doctor log:
INITIATING CONNECTION Jul 24 19:59:13.847 host:**********.*****.*** -- port:993 -- socket:0x0 -- thread:0x608000868640
CONNECTED Jul 24 19:59:13.939 [kCFStreamSocketSecurityLevelTLSv1_0] -- host:**********.*****.*** -- port:993 -- socket:0x6000002d97c0 -- thread:0x608000868640
READ Jul 24 19:59:13.939 [kCFStreamSocketSecurityLevelTLSv1_0] -- host:**********.*****.*** -- port:993 -- socket:0x6000002d97c0 -- thread:0x608000868640
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WROTE Jul 24 19:59:13.939 [kCFStreamSocketSecurityLevelTLSv1_0] -- host:**********.*****.*** -- port:993 -- socket:0x6000002d97c0 -- thread:0x6080002687c0
1.20 CAPABILITY
READ Jul 24 19:59:13.940 [kCFStreamSocketSecurityLevelTLSv1_0] -- host:**********.*****.*** -- port:993 -- socket:0x6000002d97c0 -- thread:0x6080002687c0
* CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 SASL-IR SORT THREAD=REFERENCES MULTIAPPEND UNSELECT LITERAL+ IDLE CHILDREN NAMESPACE LOGIN-REFERRALS UIDPLUS LIST-EXTENDED I18NLEVEL=1 AUTH=PLAIN
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WROTE Jul 24 19:59:13.944 [kCFStreamSocketSecurityLevelTLSv1_0] -- host:**********.*****.*** -- port:993 -- socket:0x6000002d97c0 -- thread:0x60800046e080
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dovecot: Jul 24 19:59:13 Info: auth(default): client out: CONT 1
dovecot: Jul 24 19:59:13 Info: imap-login: Disconnected (auth failed, 1 attempts): method=PLAIN, rip=***.***.***.***, lip=***.***.***.***, TLS
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In Mail, open Window > Activity Viewer. What do you see there when Mail refuses to quit? Actually, you may be able to avoid having to force quit Mail by canceling whatever it’s doing (by clicking on the red stop icon of the activity).
Do you have any Mail plug-ins or any system utilities that could interfere with Mail? In the Finder, go to each of the following folders (if they exist). What do you see there?
/Library/InputManagers/
~/Library/InputManagers/
/Library/Mail/Bundles/
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Note: For those not familiarized with the ~/ notation, it refers to the user’s home folder. You can easily locate any of the folders referred to in this post by copying the file path here, doing Go > Go to Folder in the Finder, and pasting the file path there.

Mail won't talk to my IMAP servers

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