Modify Search Refiner for People (Add phone number)

Question

Right now, the item hover panel for people only shows Department and Title.  I would like to add Phone number but I am hitting a brick wall in doing so. Here's what I've done:
1) Assigned 'work phone' to available refiner (RefinableString00)
2) Added RefinableString00 to the Search webpart
This isn't working, however.  No results are being returned even though I know phone numbers are assigned and show up when I click the person's entry.  I'm not even sure I have the right field for phone number (I've tried all fields
that have "phone" in the title).  Do I have to force a re-index in order for these items to show up--even in preview?  Is there a way to find out the name of the field I am referencing (I've been using InfoPath to find out the name but
maybe I am doing it wrong)?
Thanks,
JARED 

Answer 1

Thanks Jed. The information you provided was helpful but I still cannot get this to work.  Should I be using Mapped crawled properties or property name as the reference in the Item_person html file?  here's what I have done so far:
Added the </mso:ManagedPropertyMapping> of 'WorkPhone':'WorkPhone'
Added  var has_WorkPhone = !$isEmptyString(ctx.CurrentItem.WorkPhone)
Added the code:
<!--#_
                                        if(has_WorkPhone == true)
_#-->
<div id="WorkPhoneField">
<!--#_
var encodedWorkPhone = ctx.CurrentItem.WorkPhone;
var displayWorkPhone = Srch.U.getSingleHHXMLNodeValue(hhProps, "WorkPhone");
if ($isEmptyString(displayWorkPhone)) { displayWorkPhone = encodedWorkPhone }
_#-->
<div id="WorkPhoneValue" class="ms-srch-ellipsis" title="_#= encodedWorkPhone =#_"> _#= displayWorkPhone =#_ </div>
</div>
<!--#_
I then created a new result type and mapped it to 'phone people item' display template.  Any thoughts?
Thanks,
JARED