MPLS : IGP route aggregation and broken LSPs.

If I do (IGP) route aggregation inside a MPLS domain it would break LSPs created between end-points, I mean ingress-egress points (PEs), that have the node deploying route aggregation is its path.
Also, LSP creation is topology driven, not traffic driven; and LSPs are created
among all possible ingress/egress points/options inside a MPLS Domain.
However as far as I think I know, LSPs are always established between PEs´
(Edge-LSRs) router-ids, and so the egress PE does Layer 3 forwarding (as result of penultimate hop popping) when routing toward a CE.
01) Is that right ?
If so I understand that, if I allocate a CIDR to a PE and all its customers' wans & lans prefixes (or if you prefer, all PE´s connected and static routes) are subnets of this CIDR; the PE IGP could
advertise to other PEs only one route regarding the whole CIDR instead of all its subnets, without break any LSP that has this PE as one of its endpoints.
02) Did I make myself clear ?
03) Is that right ?
Yours Truly.
Murilo Pugliese.

Say you are summarising on Router1 and Router 2 receives the summarized route and router 3 is the loopback you are trying to reach. Router 1 will generate a label for the Summarized route. When the packet comes to router 2 , it will do an IP lookup for router 3 as the label is for the summarised route and hence the LSP breaks.
Iam sure someone will correct me if iam wrong

Similar Messages

MPLS VPN routes with core IGP costs

Hi,
Is there any way to use the IGP cost between PEs, and pass that into the VRF prefixes?
For example:
A branch site has 2x CEs (CE-A & CE-B), each with a link to a different PE (PE-A & PE-B). EBGP is used between CE-PE. IBGP Between CE-A & CE-B. CE-C is also connected to PE-B with EBGP.
Without any manual intervention, the link from CE-A to PE-A and the link from CE-B to PE-B would be equal cost away. In reality it would be preferable (in our case at least) for traffic destined to CE-C to use the CE-B to PE-B link, because it would result in a shorter path in the core.
I have been looking for a way to use the IGP metric associated with the VRF route next hop. Ideally, I would like to have the option to copy the IGP cost to next hope into the VRF prefix's MED field... or if you're already using MED as a metric then perhaps the option to ADD the IGP cost to next hope to the existing MED value. I was hoping you would be able to do this with an Import Map on the VRF but I can't see a way of acheiving this.
Is there another way to get this result?
Thanks,
Peter

Hi Giuseppe
Thanks very much for your response but I think perhaps I did not explain my question correctly...
What I was trying to acheive was to influence the rouitng at the branch (CE level with the use of MED), rather than at the PE VRF as you have described with Local Preference.
I would like the branch AS (consisting of CE-A & CE-B) to choose the link between CE-B - PE-B to get to CE-C's networks, because it is directly connected or has an IGP cost of 0.
I'm aware I can do this on CE-B by identifying the prefixes from that AS and applying a route-map on CE-B, but I was hoping there was a solution that would be more automatic and less admin overhead by being able to copy the IGP cost into the BGP MED field, as this would then be sent to the CE-B. The prefix sent from PE-A to CE-A would have a higher IGP cost and so would send a higher MED. I hope what I'm trying to explain makes sense.
If this is not possible (I can't find any reference to such a feature...) then are you aware of any other feature that would result in similar behaviour withou having to manually identify prefixes with route maps? The best I can come up with so far is to tag routes into each PE with a community and use a route-map outbound on PE to CE to add a higher MED value to prefixes that do not contain this same community... Or perhaps this can be done with the SOO attribute. The trouble with this method is it only works for PEs with directly connected CEs. It would be nice to leverage the information in the IGP routing table...
Thanks,
Peter

MPLS vs ROUTING

Guys first of all i am vvv new to this (MPLS) now guys i have read some few articles......plus some few chapters of few books on MPLS......the main theme of MPLS i sthat it is a lable technology send...froward packets on labels rather then plooking the ip address (tradional)........now guys what is th eplus point then.........i mean the only thing which i can see is that routers would not hold routing tables......so whats th emain theme of MPLS.......i mean i didnt get any main different....please help me clearing my concept....thanks alot for looking

The routers would still hold the IGP routing table. MPLS isn't a routing protocol. There used to be some performance gains because the router did a lookup on the label (32 bits). However that really isn't the case anymore with lookups being done in hardware. If you're running BGP across your network, with MPLS implemented you can remove BGP from you core devices and just have it on the edge devices. The biggest thing with MPLS though is the other services you can offer on the network once MPLS is deployed. You can offer Layer 3 VPNs, Layer 2 VPNs (EoMPLS, VPLS..) and MPLS Traffic Engineering.

The command line 'route' command is broken - what alternatives are there?

The 'route' command appears to be broken in Mavericks ( now also in 10.9.4 ). It does update that tables, so netstat -r makes it seem that it has worked. However, browsers, pings and trace routes all give errors such as 'out of memory'.
So, what can I do to set up working alternatives to the standard routing?
There certainly is some routing capability, and the ability to change it - if you use the OS/X server and set up a VPN, you can set up routing there. So it should be possible to access it through the command line somehow.
Any suggestions gratefully received.
I really thought that this would be easy, but it's turned into quite a headache.

This isn't a great fix but it's helped us out. We created an autoit script to edit the firefox.js file found in program files\mozilla firefox\default\pref. It searches for the line "pref("app.update.auto", true);" and changes it to "pref("app.update.auto", false);". It's a pain but it's the best we could come up with.
Note: We updated to 3.6.14 and even with the setting above FF still did an auto update to 3.6.15.

CRS, IOS-XR: local IGP route not installed in BGP table when learned from RR

Hello,
We use CRS routers in our IGP/BGP network core, some of which are acting as BGP originators and reflectors (RRs) for IPv4 unicast. We also use CRS routers as Internet PEs. The problem we have is between those PEs and the core routers.
Premise: each Internet PE is terminating customer cisrcuits and injects those downstream routes in IGP (via redistributing static, or just learned via IGP from a downstream router). The core (P) routers then learn those routes from the PE via the IGP. Two of the P-routers act as BGP originators and install the necessary routes in BGP using the network statement. These routes are mostly supernets (i.e. summarized), but some coincide with IGP routes, as learned from the PEs. The P-routers acting as RRs then reflect all iBGP routes to all IPv4 unicast BGP speakers in the network, including the Internet PEs (we also have BGP peers on those PEs, which is why this is necessary).
Problem: if a specific downstream route, learned on an Internet PE via IGP (i.e. from downstream), is then received by that PE from an RR via iBGP (i.e. from upstream), the route is not installed in the BGP table (the output of the show bgp x.x.x.x/xx command is: Network not in table)
Question: does anyone know why this is happening? This is concictent on all of our CRS PEs. As far as I am aware there is no BGP rule that would explain this behavior. We don't expect the PE to prefer the iBGP route over the IGP route, but that should not prevent it from learning it and installing it in the BGP table... The only discrepancy I could think of is that the IGP route has a next-hop pointing downstream, whereas the the same route, learned over iBGP has a next-hop pointing upstream. Then again,this shouldn't prevent the route to appear in the BGP table....
Your help would be appreciated!
Thanks!

Hi !
If I am understandung you correctly then Split Horizon is the keyword
Because if the route is learned from downstream BGP drops any same path information learned from upstream
SPLIT-HORIZON only applies to distance-vector routing protocols. In case of BGP, it simply means that a prefix learned via a peer is not advertised back to that peer.
Split horizon will simply block out routes with the same neighbor as the next-hop for the router
regards
alexander

Is it possible to create l3vpn without enabling mpls in the core and PE routers .

Hi
i have below setup , in this PE1,P,PE2 routers do not have mpls support , it have only MGRE and GRE tunnel support ,
is it possible to create l3vpn without mpls here .
bgp session between PE1 and PE2,
CE1---------------PE1-----------------P---------------PE2------------CE2 .
PE1,P,PE2 do not have mpls support .
Thanks
Duraipandi

hi durai,
you can use the vrf-lite model but this is complex to manage in larger networks.
for example:
CE1 ---PE----core(x)---P------PE---CE1
CE2 --/ \----CE2
in this case, without mpls, I need to create on the core(x) link 2 vrf's with 2 vlans to go to "P".
and the same on the other PE and link.
Now if you think that there are more P's with backup paths or more CE's that linkage exponentially increases to define those vlans and in all your P routers is that awareness of every CE route!
MPLS just simplifies this; single core link,by just using labels. Your P routers only see PE next hops and are opaque to the number of vrf's you carry/service. Adding another P or PE device integrates into the routing naturally and MP BGP takes care of the PE advertisement. So expanding and rerouting are more natural and graceful here too.
So while technically MPLS can be omitted, it is just not a smart thing to do from a design perspective in l3vpn.
cheers!
xander

Full mesh VPN solution for on MPLS network with PE and CPEs

Hi,
We are trying to evaluate some best solution for Hub-Spoke mesh vpn solution in a MPLS network. The VPN hub router will be in PE router and all the VPN spoke will be in CPE.
Can someone please let us know what will be the best vpn solution, we understands that there will be some technical limitations going with GETVPN but still we did counld find any documenation for possiblity of using DMVPN.
How about the recent flexvpn, can fex-vpn work on this requirement, where can i get a design/configuration document.?
thanks in advance.

Hello,
GetVPN is intended for (ANY-to-ANY) type of VPN communication, over an MPLS network with Hub and Spoke Topology, your best Option is to look for Cisco (DMVPN) implementation where this type of VPN is primarily designed for Hub & Spoke.
Regards,
Mohamed

Route Determination and allowed substitutions

Can anyone please help with the following issue.
I need to make changes in config so that a customer can receive a delivery on a different route than originally on the delivery.
i.e. customer x has an order with route a. The LSP shippes the order but changes the route to b or c.
How do I make the changes in config for a specific customer or Sales organisation to allow more than one route.
Thanks

Hi,
The system can propose route automatically via customizing.If alternative values are defined for your system you can change route manually in the delivery.It also depends on weight group(if product unit is weight) and configuration of delivery type(T-code-OVLK) for redetermination of route.
Route determination:
Departure zone of shipping pointShipping conditionTransportation Group+Transportation Zone of ship-to-party.
If you change any one of the above four criteria Route changes.
LE-Shipping-Basic shipping function-Routes-Route determination- Select Departure zone and receiving(destination) zone and Double click on the folder on Left hand corner (Route dete.with weight group or without weight group).
Maintain all required Shipping conditions,transportation group and actual route.
If you maintain these entries,it will allow you to change route manually in the delivery.(You need to hit F4 to display all possible routes).
2)If transportation zone of the customer is changed then you need to create another ship-to-party record for this customer.
Thanks,
Vrajesh

Explanation for Aggregation and Disaggregation

Hi all
What is the use of Aggregation and Disaggregation in demand planning. Please share your knowledge with a real time example.
Regards,
a.fahrudeen

Aggregation is the automatic function by which key figure values on the lowest level of detail are summed at run time and displayed or planned on a high level; for example, if you display the forecasted demand for a region in the interactive planning table, what you see is the forecasted demand for all of the different sales channels, product families, brands, products, and customers in that region which the system has added together.
Disaggregation is the automatic function by which a key figure value on a high level is broken down to the detailed level; for example, if you forecast demand in a particular region, the system instantly splits up this number among the different sales channels, product families, brands, products, customers, and so on, in this region
Aggregation and disaggregation ensure a consistent planning approach throughout your organization. The sum of the details on the low level always equals the total on the high level. Key figure values are always saved at the lowest level of detail. If aggregates exist, the data is also saved on the aggregate level.
Check the OSS note 758618 for more idea........generally this functionality used in Macro to calculate the aggregrated quantity based on the keyfigure

MPLS migration from IPv4 and IPv6

                   Hello,
i have existing MPLS VPN setup using IPv4 between all devices (P,PE,CPE), i want to start to migrate to IPv6 but i want to start the migration for one link between P and PE and all other devices will be the same (IPv4). Can you please tell me how i can acheive this scenario without impcat the services because is life.
Thanks

Dear All,
when i configured IPv6 between PE and CPE the neighbor between them is idle the following the configuration between PE and CPE:
PE:
router bgp 100
bgp router-id 10.200.200.3
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
bgp log-neighbor-changes
neighbor MPLS-Group peer-group
neighbor MPLS-Group remote-as 100
neighbor MPLS-Group update-source Loopback0
neighbor MPLS-Group-IPV6 peer-group
neighbor MPLS-Group-IPV6 remote-as 100
neighbor MPLS-Group-IPV6 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 10.200.200.5 peer-group MPLS-Group
neighbor 2002:10:200:200::5 peer-group MPLS-Group-IPV6
address-family ipv4
no synchronization
no auto-summary
exit-address-family
address-family vpnv4
neighbor MPLS-Group send-community both
neighbor MPLS-Group next-hop-self
neighbor 10.200.200.5 activate
exit-address-family
address-family vpnv6
neighbor MPLS-Group-IPV6 send-community both
neighbor MPLS-Group-IPV6 next-hop-self
neighbor 2002:10:200:200::5 activate
exit-address-family
address-family ipv4 vrf TEST
no synchronization
redistribute connected
neighbor 10.225.0.2 remote-as 101
neighbor 10.225.0.2 activate
exit-address-family
address-family ipv6 vrf TEST
redistribute connected
no synchronization
neighbor 2002:10:225::2 remote-as 101
neighbor 2002:10:225::2 activate
exit-address-family
ipv6 router ospf 200
router-id 10.200.200.3
log-adjacency-changes
mpls ldp router-id Loopback0
CPE:
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.225.100.1 255.255.255.255
ipv6 address 2002:10:225:100::1/128
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex half
interface GigabitEthernet1/0
ip address 10.225.0.2 255.255.255.252
negotiation auto
ipv6 address 2002:10:225::2/126
router bgp 101
no synchronization
bgp router-id 10.225.100.1
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 10.225.100.1 mask 255.255.255.255
neighbor 10.225.0.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 2002:10:225::1 remote-as 100
no auto-summary
address-family ipv6
no synchronization
network 2002:10:225:100::1/128
neighbor 2002:10:225::1 activate
exit-address-family
CPE-1#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 10.225.100.1, local AS number 101
BGP table version is 4, main routing table version 4
2 network entries using 242 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 104 bytes of memory
3/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 228 bytes of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP using 598 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 4/0 prefixes, 4/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs
Neighbor        V    AS MsgRcvd MsgSent   TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.225.0.1      4   100       6       5        4    0    0 00:01:50        1
2002:10:225::1 4   100       0       0        0    0    0 never    Idle
and i received this error:
*Nov 24 15:40:17.715: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 2002:10:225::2 vpn TEST                                                                                        Up
*Nov 24 15:40:19.079: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.225.0.2 vpn vrf TEST Up
*Nov 24 15:40:23.067: %BGP-3-NOTIFICATION: sent to neighbor 2002:10:225::2 passi                                                                                        ve 2/8 (no supported AFI/SAFI) 3 bytes 000101
Thanks

MPLS Customer router physical interface

My provider wants to sell me MPLS services but I can't seem to get a straight answer regarding what the physical interface on my customer router needs to be. Some personnel tell me it will be a normal ethernet connection, other say it'll be a DS3 or T1 connection depending on the speed.
Please give me some advice on what to expect regarding an MPLS circuit? Or point me to some good documentation to maybe I can communicate better with the service provider.
Thank you.

Hi Tod
Few points from my side for your query
Access Link should be considered based on whether we are going for MPLS L3 VPN or MPLS L2 VPN Soilution
MPLS L3 VPN from my understanding is independent of Access Media but the Access Media will definitely put different hardware requirements for your Customer Edge Router
The Access Link Type and Bandwidth would vary depending upon the BW requirements for the network. The T1/T3 or a Subrate T3 Access Links would be a choice when we have BW requirements in that range(<45 Megs)
Using FE as an Acces link would require SP to provide Colocation Services or rather go for spanning a Fiber out from their Colo and deploying Optical Mux at Customer Premises and again suitable for BW requirements more than 45 Megs
MPLS L2 VPN
Ethernet is the choice for taking MPLS L2 VPN Services to connect your different branches in a point-to-multipoint fashion using VPLS at SP end.
You can go through the Cisco Doc - "Layer 3 MPLS VPN Enterprise Consumer Guide" which should help you gain more insight for choosing the PE-CE Routing Protocol and other points to consider for an MPLS L3 VPN Service.
Thats from my understanding. Hope you will get more good advises on this.
Regards
Vaibhava Varma

Shattered Screen and Broken Camera Worth Repairing?

I've had my original iPhone since the week of it's release and never had a problem with it until I dropped it down the stairs of my house last year.
When it finally came to rest at the bottom of the stairs it suffered a shattered screen and broken camera.
Everything else has worked perfectly fine and I've been able to continue using it despite it's shattered screen while I've looked for a job.
With a new job and some cash in my wallet I'm looking to fix this phone disaster.
Now while I know purchasing a 3G phone for $99 is cheaper than having my 2G repaired, I just can't seem to want to part with my AT&T plan.
I have such a great deal going being under a family plan that if I change to the 3G my bill monthly will close to double.
Over time I'll save more money just repairing it than purchasing the 3G for $99 and getting ripped off with AT&T's plan for it.
My question is does Apple still do repairs on their original phones?
Or would I have to go about finding the parts and repairing it myself?

You could also look at second-hand original phones on eBay or somesuch.
There are also third-party services--google "iphone repair" or something.
Also, are you sure about the plan? AT&T currently does not give discounts on multiple data plans within a family--did they with the original iPhone? The difference for data and 200 texts with a 3G/3GS should be $15/month (plus tax).
Also, I would not buy the 3G, if you do go that route. You'll get much more for your $35/month by spending a bit more upfront on the 3GS, especially since you seem to be a person who is happy to keep a phone for a long time.

HT201335 It got nA new router today and wanted to turn on apple tv but my remote app on iPad and iPhone will not recognize apple tv. Btw- I do not have apple tv remote.

It got A new router today and wanted to turn on apple tv but my remote app on iPad and iPhone will not recognize apple tv. Btw- I do not have apple tv remote.

It reboots it but unplugging can also rectify communication issues like this. A restore would be the next step.

It is asking for a router name and password???

The sales person told me how easy this would be to set up..."just plug it in" he said...right. Anyhoo - I disconnected my ancient wireless router and put the cd in - started doing its thing and then it asks for a router name and password...the only name and password I have is from my old ancient router...how could it be the same? Where do I find this info? Thank you for any help!

Just go to the Linksys support site, find your router model and hardware version there, and download the User Guide or User Manual for your router, and there's all kinds of useful information there. I'm surprised that there isn't a "Quick Start" guide in with the router that gives basic instructions like go to 192.168.1.1 and then how to login to set up your router. But it is in the downloaded user manual for sure.

I am a fitst time user of the new airport extreme time capsule 2TB. I have a mac book pro and an imac. I installed the router today and got my computers online wirelessly. BUT I cannot get my previous wireless printers to connect with the router.

I am a first time user of the new airport extreme time capsule 2TB. I use a macbook pro and imac. I installed the router today and got on wirelessly. BUT I cannot get my 2 printers that were previously wireless to find the router signal. The worked fine on my current set up OS Mounitain Lion 10.8.4. Apple tells me it is the printer mfr issue and printer companies tell me it is apple issue. Any help appreciated.

birdmanjay wrote:
... Apple tells me it is the printer mfr issue and printer companies tell me it is apple issue.
Arguably, they're both right.
Changing your router changes everything, so your best course of action is to research the respective printer's documentation and determine how to reset them to factory default condition. Then, add them again using System Preferences > Print & Scan.
For that, I recommend you first "reset the printing system" according to these instructions: Mac OS X: How to reset the printing system. Its instructions for Lion are identical to those for Mountain Lion.
As the article states, it will remove all your existing printers, leaving the Mac's printing system in a similar "factory default" condition ready for you to create a new print queue for each printer, which you should probably do.
Apple's printing support documents contain a great deal of redundancy, but this one may be a good place to start: OS X Mountain Lion: Set up a printer to print wirelessly

MPLS : IGP route aggregation and broken LSPs.

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