MPLS, Summarisation, OSPF and stubby areas

Since summarisation breaks the LSP and this is not desired in an MPLS VPN network on the core, can it be concludded then that stubby areas can not be used on the service provider core, if he wants to offer MPLS VPN service?.
Or how does he avoid or workaround the issue of summarisation, small Link State Database and areas on the core.

You are correct. It is not possible to use stubby areas if you want to deploy MPLS VPN. You can still summarize though as long as you don't summarize the IP addresses assigned to the loopback interfaces. One way to do it is to use a different address range for the loopback interface of all your PEs and to use summarization for all address ranges but this one. This way only the loopback addresses will be advertised as /32 and the rest of your prefixes will be nicely summarized.
Hope this helps,

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OSPF - Stub / Totally Stubby Area

Hello,
Reading into OSPF again after not touching it for a while.
From what I'm reading - Stub area, allows LSA 1 and 2 within the stub area and the ABR sends LSA 3 into the stub area. This LSA 3 is a default route - 0.0.0.0 /0 pointing to the ABR
A Totally stubby area is the same, LSA 1 and 2, but instead of LSA 3 - ABR injects a default route of 0.0.0.0 /0 pointing to itself?
Is this not exactly the same outcome for both areas? I'm obviously missing something here

One particular scenario that I've come across.
Site A (third party) is connected to the enterprise network via WAN router. This WAN router is in its stub area, it has the following static routes and OSPF route to its internal organisational networks and default route for outbound.
S 10.0.0.0/8
S 172.16.0.0/12
S 192.168.0.0/24
*O IA 0.0.0.0/0
A PC in this third party site needs to get to 10.1.1.1 (server A which exists in the enterprise network)
If we had totally stub, we have one default route out. In which case we could potentially have a routing loop. This WAN router has a more preferred route back into its internal network. Why? there is a longer match prefix (10.0.0.0/8) - As Rick pointed out, It's making the wrong decision.
If this was perhaps a stub area we could "leak" routes (using very loosely - allowing type 1,2 and 3) to other inter area routes, therefore we have this in the routing table...
S 10.0.0.0/8
S 172.16.0.0/12
S 192.168.0.0/24
O IA10.1.1.0/24
*O IA 0.0.0.0/0
In this case it will send out the packet correctly taking the OSPF path out rather than back in to its local network, as a result of having the extra information required to make these types of scenario's work.
hth

I have two location one is Delhi(IP-192.168.100.*) and another is Mumbai(IP-192.168.1.*) and both are connected by MPLS line and ping with each other. We have one DC in Delhi location and domain name is CAPLDC and Delhi location all PC is member of this

I have two location one is Delhi(IP-192.168.100.*) and another is Mumbai(IP-192.168.1.*) and both are connected by MPLS line and ping with each other.
We have one DC in Delhi location and domain name is CAPLDC and Delhi location all PC is member of this domain and working properly.
now i am trying join the Mumbai location PC with my Domain(CAPLDC) but they are not join with my DC and generate the error.
I have chek the DNS and nslookup all are correct but this is generate error.
Is this possible Mumbai location join with this Domain(CAPLDC)???
One more thing when i have created another DC with this name (papldc.com) then Mumbai location is joined properly.
Pls find the error message below and also find the attachment.
Note: This information is intended for a network administrator. If you are not your network's administrator, notify the administrator that you received this information, which has been recorded in the file C:\Windows\debug\dcdiag.txt.
The domain name "capldc" might be a NetBIOS domain name. If this is the case, verify that the domain name is properly registered with WINS.
If you are certain that the name is not a NetBIOS domain name, then the following information can help you troubleshoot your DNS configuration.
DNS was successfully queried for the service location (SRV) resource record used to locate a domain controller for domain "capldc":
The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.capldc
The following domain controllers were identified by the query:
capldcserver.capldc
win-dyfq2poc88q.capldc
However no domain controllers could be contacted.
Common causes of this error include:
- Host (A) or (AAAA) records that map the names of the domain controllers to their IP addresses are missing or contain incorrect addresses.
- Domain controllers registered in DNS are not connected to the network or are not running.
Pankaj Kumar

Why are you using a single labeled domain? I would recommend renaming the domain name to be something like domain.com.
Please refer to the articles below to fix your current issue:
http://www.wincert.net/tips/networking/1614-cant-join-pc-to-a-domain-with-single-label.html
http://www.itgeared.com/articles/1128-using-single-label-dns-names-for-active/
This posting is provided AS IS with no warranties or guarantees , and confers no rights.
Ahmed MALEK
My Website Link
My Linkedin Profile
My MVP Profile

How do you Redistribution EIGRP into OSPF and maintain a distance of 250 for a static route?

Ok, I have scoured the forums long enough and have to post. The design is below. I moved a firewall to our new data center, which required adding some static routes for VPN connections and broadband backups. To minimize the amount of static routes I redistribute static into EIGRP with a route-map and prefix-list.
My problem is the next part of my network. When the data leaves my 56128's it hits an edge device connecting to our dark fiber. On this edge device I am running OSPF onto the dark fiber, then redistribute some EIGRP subnets into OSPF and again all is well.
Everything works up until the point the redistributed routes hit my RIB at my main data center where I am running IBGP. IBPG is run between our MPLS router and core for all our remote sites. When my backup route from the 56128's hits the cores, it supersedes the BGP route because the AD route O E2 [110/20] is lower than the BGP AD B [200/0]. Given the configuration below what can be done to remedy this? Oh when I redistribute I can only change the AD for the backup routes, all other routes should stay the same.
56128's where my static routes are:
ip route 192.168.101.0/24 192.168.30.77 name firewall 250
router eigrp 65100
redistribute static route-map Static-To-Eigrp
route-map Static-To-Eigrp permit 10
match ip address prefix-list Static2Eigrp
ip prefix-list Static2Eigrp seq 2 permit 192.168.101.0/24
Edge device:
router eigrp 65100
network 172.18.0.5 0.0.0.0
network 172.18.0.32 0.0.0.3
network 172.18.0.36 0.0.0.3
redistribute ospf 65100 metric 2000000 0 255 1 1500
redistribute static metric 200000 0 255 1 1500 route-map STATICS_INTO_EIGRP
passive-interface default
no passive-interface Port-channel11
no passive-interface Port-channel12
eigrp router-id 172.18.0.5
router ospf 65100
router-id 172.18.0.5
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute eigrp 65100 subnets route-map EIGRP_INTO_OSPF
passive-interface default
no passive-interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
no passive-interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
no passive-interface GigabitEthernet2/0/1
no passive-interface GigabitEthernet2/0/2
network 172.18.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
ip prefix-list EIGRP_INTO_OSPF seq 5 permit 172.18.0.0/16 le 32
ip prefix-list EIGRP_INTO_OSPF seq 10 permit 192.168.94.0/29 le 32
ip prefix-list EIGRP_INTO_OSPF seq 15 permit 192.168.26.32/29 le 32
ip prefix-list EIGRP_INTO_OSPF seq 20 permit 192.168.30.72/29 le 32
ip prefix-list EIGRP_INTO_OSPF seq 25 permit 192.168.20.128/25 le 32
ip prefix-list EIGRP_INTO_OSPF seq 26 permit 192.168.101.0/24 le 32 <- Backup Route for MPLS Remote Office
route-map EIGRP_INTO_OSPF permit 10
match ip address prefix-list EIGRP_INTO_OSPF

So in the case of a /24. If it were say broken up into /25's? From our remote sites we are using aggregate-address summary-only. Not sure how I would advertise a more specific route via BGP, sorry.
I didnt have this problem until I moved my firewalls. They plugged into the cores where IBGP was running and the static never kicked in unless the bgp route disappeared. I guess I could use my static redistribution for my VPN sites and use statics across the cores for the handful of backup links I have.

What are NSSA and TNSSA area?

What is the significance of these?
What kind of LSA types can be advertised in these areas in OSPF?

the difference between totally stubby and NSSA is that the totally stubby area doesn't allow any summary routes from other areas, and no external routes. Instead it receives a default route from the area border router. The NSSA is basically the same as a stubby area in that it doesn't allow summary routes, but in the case where you have to redistribute connected routes or routes from another routing protocol, you can use an NSSA, which will allow external routes as Type 7 LSAs.

Enabl BGP between PE-CE when PE and CE are in same AS

We have BGP enable PE-CE setup in MPLS network. Customer A has branches with unique AS numbers.
We connected our PE routers via BGP with customer CE. Issue is Customer's Head Office AS number is equal to our AS number .
We are telecom provider having same AS for iBGP in our MPLS network.
Can you say how connect customer AS (Headoffice) with our PE router when PE and CE are in same AS

No, you cannot use it only at one side otherwise one side will try to do an iBGP peering while the other will try to do an eBGP peering. And anyway, IOS is smart enough to refuse the local-as command if the remote-as matches its local AS.

Enable BGP between PE-CE when PE and CE are in same AS

We have BGP enable PE-CE setup in MPLS network. Customer A has branches with unique AS numbers.
We connected our PE routers via BGP with customer CE. Issue is Customer's Head Office AS number is equal to our AS number .
We are telecom provider having same AS for iBGP in our MPLS network.
Can you say how connect customer AS (Headoffice) with our PE router when PE and CE are in same AS

AS Override?

Redistributing OSPF and eigrp

We have a medium size network consisting of 14 locations connected to one location via a mixture of T-1?s , fiber, wide area wireless and metro e. We us a mixture of Cisco and Dell switches.
We have run in to a problem combining the Cisco and the Dell and need some guidance.
The locations that come to us via the P2P T-1?s start at the branch locations on 2620 Cisco routers and run back to 3600 Cisco router ? we are currently using router eigrp to define our networks.
The problem that we are having at one location is that we have a layer 3 Dell switch behind the 2620 - the Dell switches will run OSPF and not Eigrp ? this there a way to have Eigrp advertise the the OSPF information it receives?
OR may be to sum it up better can you run Eigrp on the outside interface that passes OSPF from the internal interface?
Or is there a better way to do what I?m trying to do?
Any help is greatly welcome

Please see below config on the 2620:
ip subnet-zero
lane client flush
cns event-service server
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.100.187.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
interface Serial0/0
description *** NEW T-1 to admin ***
ip address 10.100.181.10 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
no fair-queue
router eigrp 100
redistribute connected
redistribute ospf 1
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
router ospf 1
network 10.100.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0.0.0.0
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.100.181.9
no ip http server
And on the 3600
interface Serial2/0
description *West Circuit ID 60.DHZ T-1
ip address 10.100.181.9 255.255.255.252
no cdp enable
router eigrp 100
network 10.100.178.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.100.181.0 0.0.0.3
network 10.100.181.4 0.0.0.3
network 10.100.181.8 0.0.0.3
network 10.100.181.12 0.0.0.3
network 10.100.181.16 0.0.0.3
network 10.100.181.20 0.0.0.3
network 10.100.181.24 0.0.0.3
network 10.100.181.28 0.0.0.3
no auto-summary
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.100.177.2
ip route 10.100.150.0 255.255.254.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.152.0 255.255.254.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.154.0 255.255.254.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.154.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.155.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.158.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.187.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.188.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.190.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.192.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.10
ip route 10.100.199.0 255.255.255.0 10.100.181.6
ip http server
Thank you I will also review the link you sent.

Igrp And Ospf And Rip And Sending Packet Out ?

If I have got a scenario asking me not to send EIGRP packets out any other interfaces except interface Ethernet 0/0 (ip address is 183.1.123.3),,,,,,,,,,,then I can configure the router like this:
Router eigrp 100
Network 183.1.123.3 0.0.0.0------ ip address for fa 0/0,,,not the whole network.
I can this for OSPf as well.
Can I use same procedure with RIP ?
Second question:
For OSPF we choose router-id , why do we need to configure this for EIGRP or IGRP

Hi,
Router eigrp 100
Network 183.1.123.3 0.0.0.0
With this command, OSPF and EIGRP works only on that interface not any other interface.
In case of RIP, its not possible. You have to use " passive interface " command in order to stop the RIP packets.
in case of EIGRP, router -id is used to identify the originating router for external routes. If an external route is received with the local router ID, the route is discarded. The router ID can be configured with any IP address with two exceptions; 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255 are not legal values and cannot be entered. A unique value should be configured for each router.
HTH,
-amit singh

MPLS TE Bandwidth and Priority

Hi everybody
Hopefully, everyone is doing great. I stumbled upon the following link on MPLS TE bandwidth and priority:
http://blog.ipexpert.com/2009/05/27/mpls-te-bandwidth-and-priority/
it was a very good read. But I am left with one question. How does R2 decide which tunnel to drop? In the example, R2 drops tunnel 1, but how does R2 decide which one to drop?
Thanks and have a great sunday

Hi Thanveer
I hope you are doing fine. Here is what i found in a book ( traffic engineering with MPLS by Eric, Ajay, great book, still reading it)
There are two priorities:
1) set up priority
2) hold prioritity
Based on the book the code works this way
Imagine we have two tunnels already established and are passing through R3
t1, set up priority 6 hold priority 5
t2 set up priority 6 hold priority 4
Let say R3 just receives a RSVP path request for a new tunnel, lets call it tunnel 3 with set up priority 4 hold priority 6. This tunnel requires a bandwidth which R3 can not accommodate without dropping one of the established tunnels.
Router will take t3's set up priority ( 4) and compares it against the current established tunnel's hold priorities where lower the number means higher the priority. In our example, set up priority of tunnel 3 is 4 and R3 compares it against both hold priorities of established tunnels. R3 then concludes it has to drop t1 to accommodate t3 ( set up priority of tunnel3 is higher than the hold priority of tunnel1)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
what is not cleared is how will router 3 behave if all the established tunnels have same hold priority i.e 4 and a request for a new tunnel i.e t3 comes with the set up priority of 4?
Not sure if R3 just randomly picks any established tunnel and drops it or there is some move involved process that R3 goes through to decide which tunnel gets dropped.
Lets hope somebody way smarter than me might chime in :)
Have a great weekend

When CE and PE are combined

Hello,
I would like to know how to differentiate if CE and PE are seprate devices (Routers) or it is same. I have seen in many deployment, the CE is combined with PE and kept at customer place. It may be since there is not many Services Configured (other customer) in that PE ?
How to distinguish the both pattern.
Also how to identified via SNMP if the given router is P or PE may be both ?
Regards,
Ayush

Hi Ayush,
The main difference between the PE and the CE is that the former runs MPLS and the latter not. The PE is also part of the SP core igp, which is not the case for the CE. Sometimes SP deliver l3vpn services where the CE is not needed. Just a L2 device drectly connected to the PE.
The difference between a P and a PE is more subtle. A P router technically does not perform label imposition and dispotion, therefore only label swapping. Not sure how you would identify that via SNMP though.
I am not sure I answered your question. let me know if not.
Regards

Diff btwn Comany Code and Buiness Area

Hi Frnds,
Can anyone please let me know the clear difference btwn company code and business area and what are the advantages and disadvantages of these organizational units ?
Under which cases we can go for having a company code and not business area?
Expecting answer ASAP
Thank you
Regards,
Sharon.

This could help you....Picked it up from some documentation I had...Hope it helps
A common requirement which seems to be of concern to some, is to be able to produce Financial Statements, specifically Balance Sheets by some entity other than the legal entity (I shall call this the SBU - Strategic Business Unit). These SBU's are either below the legal entity or sometimes run across the legal entities.
If this is a requirement on your project, the first step is not to take this 'stated' requirement entirely at face value.   Dig a little deeper - ask for examples of current reporting, use "what-ifs", to determine the real or practical requirement. Sometimes it is not a full Balance Sheet that is required, especially if the SBU's are not fully autonomous, but more specifically the ability to report some Balance Type information by SBU in order. For example to provide some ROI type reporting.
If this is the case, the options are broader and implementation and use may be simpler.
The options in SAP are to implement the SBU's as :
SAP Business Areas
SAP Company Codes, if they do not run across legal entities
SAP Profit Centres
These options are discussed below. Note that requirements or impacts in other modules must also be considered and may influence this decision. Organisation Structure and Integration must be properly understood.
1. SAP Business Areas
The SAP Business Area is an FI organisational element which is intended to provide Financial Statements below or across company codes. The standard GL, financial statement functionality and reporting all support this.
However it is important to understand how SAP implements this, because it is by no means the same as the company code. The following points must be noted:
SAP company code will always be in balance, all the time, document by document.   The SAP Business Area will not. IE: it is possible to post a DR to one Business Area and a CR to another, or to leave one line item with a blank business area.
Business Area is not a mandatory field. It is dangerous to attempt to force this. It is not always possible for the system to determine the appropriate business area, it will then post a blank business area (unless you have 'forced' a substitution, which often just has the effect of replacing 'blank' with some other default).
SAP 'rectifies' this out of balance situation by providing period end programs which 'clean up' and post adjusting journals or inter-business area journals depending on the situation. See the documentation on these period end programs in the GL module.
Reporting by Business Area is available during the month (albeit out of balance) and visible within GL accounts. Compare with Profit Centre implementation below.
2. SAP Company Codes, if they do not run across legal entities
This is potentially a dangerous route, because of the possible across the board impact on day to day operational transactions, not just in FI, but in other modules. 'Test' all scenarios. SAP intends the SAP company code to be implemented as the legal entity and thus there is fairly 'rigorous' functionality around the company code. If you decide to implement SBU's as SAP company codes, you want to be sure that the majority and the key business transactions will be within one SBU.
In order not to compromise legal entity reporting, you should only take this option if the SBU's are subsets of a single legal entity. You can then use the standard multi- company summarisation reporting, or the consolidation functionality to provide your legal entity reporting.
3. SAP Profit Centres
This could be a good option if you do not require full/rigorous balance sheet by SBU, but are looking for some ROI type information. Standard configuration exists to :
flow revenues and expenses automatically through to Profit Centres.   (Expenses via cost centres, and revenues through a fairly complex 'assignment to profit centre' configuration logic)
transfer at period end balance sheet info such as payable, receivable, fixed assets, material stocks and work in process
allow specification of additional Balance Sheet accounts to be transferred.   You must then ensure that a profit centre has been nominated on all the line items, or else a default profit centre will be used. The issues with some accounts here will be the same as with attempting to force or identify a business area. See above.
Standard reporting is available to do ROI reporting, however this will of course only be available after the period end programs have been.

HT5012 I am having difficulty XMIT/REC text messages to family members using Android phones? I have a 3GB data plan and all switches and buttons are set properly. Any suggestions?

I am having difficulty XMIT/REC text messages to family members using Android phones? I have a 3GB data plan and all switches and buttons are set properly. Any suggestions?

Hello APVzW, we absolutely want the best path to resolution. My apologies for multiple attempts of replacing the device. We'd like to verify the order information and see if we can locate the tracking number. Please send a direct message with the order number so we can dive deeper. Here's steps to send a direct message: http://vz.to/1b8XnPy We look forward to hearing from you soon.
WiltonA_VZW
VZW Support
Follow us on twitter @VZWSupport

TS1741 my iPhone and iPod are no longer being seen by iTunes on my computer. Everything is up to date.

my iPhone and iPod are no longer being seen by iTunes. All software is up to date. I have tried following the fixes suggested by the support on iTunes, to no avail. my computer said that my iPhone 5 is "older" and that usb2 is not compatible with usb3 on my computer. it worked until a week ago. can someone help?

See TS1538: iOS: Device not recognized in iTunes for Windows.
tt2

Probably asked and answered a million times but my laptop died and my boyfriend and i are now sharing a computer when i went to back up my contacts i ended up with all of his! Is there a way to get them off and how do i prevent this from happening again?

probably asked and answered a million times but laptop died and my boyfriend and i are now sharing a computer when i went to back up my contacts i ended up with all of his? Is there a way to get them off without deleting each one? Also how do i prevent this from happening again? can someone direct me to some info on multiple phones on one itunes i am lost.

Hey there 79usma79!
I have a couple of articles for you that can help you troubleshoot the issues you are seeing with iTunes on Windows XP. The first is a general troubleshooting article, which can be found right here:
iTunes for Windows XP: Troubleshooting unexpected quits, freezes, or launch issues
http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1421
This article can help you find out if there are any conflicts between your copy of Windows XP and iTunes, and can tell you what to do if there are. Before going down the troubleshooting route though, you should take a look at this article, which can help you back up your entire iTunes library to an external hard drive, so if this issue is recurring, you will be able to restore from that backup and will not have to worry about losing your playlists or music again:
iTunes: Back up your iTunes library by copying to an external hard drive
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1751
Thanks for using the Apple Support Communities!
Cheers,
Braden

MPLS, Summarisation, OSPF and stubby areas

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