MPLS TE fast-reroute swicth time?

Hi,
I always heard we can achieve 50ms switch time by FRR, when applying to VPLS, make Metro Ethernet using VPLS without STP reduce the covergence time greatly to 50ms too. But I wonder if it's ture? The 50ms switch time could be achieved when SDH is used because FRR can detect alarm from SDH, but how can FRR dectect ethernet link failure faster?
Your comments are appreciated!

Hi,
there are mainly two contributions to FRR time as far as I know.
First you have to detect the failure, second the router switches over to the predefined backup LSP.
The second portion is only a local rewrite of the LFIB and should be practically instantaneous.
The first one is the major contribution. In SONET/SDH a failure condition in the optical network is propagated in the SONET/SDH frames, thus it is rather quick to detect failures.
With ethernet that might be different. Assume two routers connected through a LAN switch. In this case a link-down event in one router will only be detected by means of keepalives. Those might be your routing hellos or in MPLS TE also RSVP messages. With standard timers that means several seconds. However f.e. in IS-IS we can lower keepalive timers to less than a second and hold timer to one second. This should be designed carefully not to introduce unwanted instability into your routing.
In any case you cannot reach 50ms in this scenario.
The question should be really which convergence time is acceptable in your environment, i.e. which applications require much less than a second outage and does it justify the efforts.
Regards
Martin

Similar Messages

MPLS TE Fast-Reroute question?

Hi:
I am trying to configure the mpls te fast-reroute command but the router complains!!
I am running 12.4 Enterprise on a 3640.
Does this only work on a 7200 and up?
Thanks.

Niraj,
The 3640 doesn't support FRR. It does support traffic engineering but can not be used as the Point of Local Repair (PLR) router, which is the router where the backup tunnel is configured.
Hope this helps,

MPLS TE Fast ReRoute

Hi Experts,
I'm just getting started with MPLS TE and wondering on how fast the "fast reroute" feature can be.
I'm planning to create two tunnels for a specific traffic of my network, and looks like MPLS TE with FRR is the most reliable option if we are talking about a really 0% packet loss network.
I saw on some documentations that with MPLS TE is possible to reroute the traffic with 50 ms of RTT and no packet loss at all, considering that the backup tunnel is so reliable as the primary is.
Is this true? I'm new on this subject so I would like to know more about what I could achieve in terms of high availability.
Regards
Paulo Varanda

Hi,
Yes MPLS-TE with FRR gives faster convergence in range of 50ms (usually 50ms is standard convergence time for SDH/Sonet network). But there are some pre-requisities for MPLS-TE FRR to provide that faster convergence.
Tunnel Headend -- Router 1 --- Router 2 ---- Router 3--- Tunnel Tailend
-- Router 4 ---- Router 5----
MPLS-TE FRR protects a particular link or a particular node.
For link protection, the concept is to have a primary tunnel protected by a backup tunnel. The backup tunnel path should be on completely different and fault tolerant physical path when the primary tunnel path fails i.e. both the tunnels should not be in same SRLG links. In the above case if link between Router1-Router2-Router3 fails the tunnel should fallback over Router 4 and Router 5.
Detecting the link or node goes down should require a keepalive mechanism, usually RSVP hellos are used to detect the failure.
Node protection by default provides link protection. So when Router 2 goes down the traffic falls back over backup path.
MPLS-TE FRR wokrs by pre-signalling LSP over both primary and secondary paths even before the failure occurs. In normal conditions (with multiple path-option), only when primary LSP on primary path goes down, LSP gets signalled over secondary path option.
HTH
Arun

IP-Fast Reroute with MPLS remote LFA tunnels

I have a simple ring network with 4 3600Xs with IP/MPLS 10 gig backbone between all units (with OSPF running in the core). Per the 3600 design guide I turned on IPFRR under OSPF for fast reroute of traffic around faults. I have a l3vpn on the 3600s that I'm using to test. The FRR works quite well when the repair route is a ECMP (equal cost multipath) route, I don't even notice an interruption in ping between l3vpn sites when an 'active' link goes down.
The issue arises when the repair route is a remote-LFA (loop free alternative) MPLS tunnel. I've done a few tests, and the failover time when the repair route is a remote LFA tunnel is the same as when FRR isn't turned on at all, it's just the normal route convergence time and there is a significant traffic interruption (as compared to FRR when an ECMP route is the repair route).
The thing is I'm not quite sure how even to diagnose this. I was thinking that maybe the remote FLA tunnel was using the link that failed, so it in essence was 'down' as well, hence the traffic interruption as routing fully converged. But I looked at the remote-LFA interfaces, and as much as I understand them they are taking the right path out of the router anyway (that is, away from the link that would fail in order to activate the remote-LFA route).
Are there any resources or tips to help troubleshoot why these remote-LFA tunnel repair routes don't seem to be working well?

Thanks for the reply Nagendra. When you ask if I've seen the back path installed in RIB/FIB, I'm not exactly sure what you mean. I do see repair paths referncing remote LFAs on both the 3600 that would be the source and the destination of the test traffic. Like this:
* 172.16.0.3, from 10.10.10.3, 01:55:50 ago, via TenGigabitEthernet0/2
      Route metric is 2, traffic share count is 1
      Repair Path: 10.10.10.4, via MPLS-Remote-Lfa40
and on the other router:
* 172.16.0.2, from 10.10.10.1, 01:56:34 ago, via TenGigabitEthernet0/1
      Route metric is 2, traffic share count is 1
      Repair Path: 10.10.10.2, via MPLS-Remote-Lfa32
If you're looking for some specific command output, let me know.

MPLS: changing mtu-size on a fast reroute tunnel

Hi,
please can someone tell me how to change the MTU of a fast reroute tunnel interface ?
Best regards

You should be able to change the MTU on the interface tunnel itself. Using the "ip MTU xxx" command.
Regards,
Niranjan

RSVP Hello for Fast Reroute

Hi,
i am trying to set up TE tunnels with Fast Reroute protection. As i am using FastEthernet and GigabitEthernet links i need to use RSVP Hello for link or node failure detection.
I have a little problem understanding and properly configuring the rsvp hello feature. The topology looks as follows:
PE1 - P1 - PE2
|                |
P3 ----------- P4
I am trying to set up fast reroute to protect the connection PE1-P1-PE2 with backup path PE1-P3-P4-PE2. Both primary and backup tunnels are set up and working. I configure RSVP Hello on the link between PE1 and P1 with following commands on PE1 and P1:
PE1#configure terminal
PE1(config)#interface Fastethernet 0/0
PE1(config-if)ip rsvp signalling hello
PE1(config-if)ip rsvp signalling hello refresh interval 50
P1#configure terminal
P1(config)#interface Fastethernet 0/0
P1(config-if)ip rsvp signalling hello
P1(config-if)ip rsvp signalling hello refresh interval 50
After issuing the sh ip rsvp hello instance detail command on PE1 i can see that the RSVP hello session is active:
Neighbor 195.10.3.1 (router ID: 3.3.3.3) Source 195.10.3.254
    Type: Active    (sending requests)
    I/F: FastEthernet0/0
    State:   Up        (Since: 2012 January Thursday 12 00:14:22 )
    Clients: Fast Reroute
    LSPs protecting: 1
    Missed acks: 4, IP DSCP: 0x30
    Refresh Interval (msec)
      Configured: 50
However on the P1 router the output shows different values:
Neighbor 195.10.3.254 (router ID: 33.33.33.33) Source 195.10.3.1
    Type: Active    (sending requests)
    I/F: FastEthernet0/0
    State:   Up        (Since: 2012 January Wednesday 11 23:43:18 )
    Clients: ReRoute
    LSPs protecting: 3
    Missed acks: 4, IP DSCP: 0x30
    Refresh Interval (msec)
      Configured: 2000
The configuration guide for IOS 12.2SR refers to active instances:
If a neighbor is unreachable when an LSP is ready to be fast rerouted, an active Hello instance is needed. Create an active Hello instance for each neighbor with at least one LSP in this state.
and to passive instances:
Passive Hello instances respond to Hello Request messages (sending Ack messages), but do not initiate Hello Request messages and do not cause LSPs to be fast rerouted.
At this point i am not sure if i configured the RSVP Hello properly. After shuting the interface FastEthernet 0/0 on P1 down i do get the backup tunnel active and rerouted, but the convergence time is too slow. I would expect the convergence time to be 4xRSVP Hello interval which is 4x50=200ms. However, the testing revealed the convergence time to be round 2,5 seconds. My goal is to get the convergence time under 300ms.
The question is, what is the actual difference between active and passive rsvp hello session? What does the Clients statement in the sh ip rsvp hello instance detail command mean and shoud i see the same interval on both ends of the link?
If you need any other specification, i will provide any other show command outputs necessary.
Thank you for any help or clarifiation.
Adrian

Adrian,
Would it be possible to post the relevant tunnel configurations from your PE routers? From what you described, I am not sure if you want to achieve an MPLS path protection, MPLS link protection (NHOP) or MPLS node protection (NNHOP) here.
Best regards,
Peter

Fast-reroute: failure detection on ATM

Hi,
I have read in Designing MPLS TE Networks book that in essence fast-reroute feature failure detection of under 50ms is possible on pure POS interfaces and not possible on ATM interfaces which might also be runnig over POS.
I have noticed a command that had been available since 12.1T - "oam ais-rdi". According to this command description, it is possible to bring down ATM PVC after receiving one AIS indicating cell.
Isn't that exactly how it works on POS?
Was this Ciscopress book so much outdated or am I missing something?
Thanks,
David

Hello,
there is a major difference (on a ms time scale) in POS and in ATM AIS. With POS interfaces one utilizes the error indication in the SONET/SDH frame. This means the first frame after failure detection of end OR intermediate systems (muxer) will contain the error bits needed to bring down the interface and trigger fast reroute.
If you look into an ATM solution, then only ATM equipment will be able to insert ATM cells for failure indication. This means a mux will not be able to indicate anything. Only ATM switches or end devices might "help" out, but for them failure detection is maybe bound to keepalives as well.
So you MIGHT get very low recovery times, but you could also have failure conditions only detectable by keepalive mechanisms. The latter are slower than in POS.
Once you are relying on keepalives you could also use subsecond keepalives with OSPF or ISIS to achieve pretty fast recovery times.
Hope this helps! Please rate all posts.
Regards, Martin

Fast-Reroute on a ring with Gig Interface

Hi,
I'm trying to setup a fast-reroute option on a 4 routers ring connected through gige with OSPF.
The main idea is to be able to use xconnect between A & B for normal route with a backup through C & D in case of Gig failure AB.
I created two tunnel as follow on A
interface Tunnel50
ip unnumbered Loopback0
tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
tunnel destination b.b.b.b
tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce
tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 2 2
tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 1 explicit name b-fast
tunnel mpls traffic-eng fast-reroute node-protect
interface Tunnel51
ip unnumbered Loopback0
tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
tunnel destination b.b.b.
tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce
tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 5 5
tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name b-low
and configure A to B interfaces with
mpls traffic-eng backup-path Tunnel51
ip rsvp bandwidth
router ospf
mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0
mpls traffic-eng area 0
Same kind of conf on B side...
Well, if I shutdown A to B interface, the fast-reroute doesn't seems to operate and the xconnect resume on a ospf convergence base latency.
Should I also create tunnel A-C, A-D, B-C, B-D, ... like a full mesh ? or point to point on a ring AB, BC, CD, DA ?
Thanks for your help.
Laurent

I tried a xconnect between br01 and br04.
Routers are on a ring : br01(ge3/2)--(ge3/1)br03--br02--br04(ge3/2)--(ge3/1)br01
tunnel50 is the straight route and tunnel 51 is the low route
*Here the output from br04
br04-7600-mtp02#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels brief
Signalling Summary:
    LSP Tunnels Process:            running
    Passive LSP Listener:           running
    RSVP Process:                   running
    Forwarding:                     enabled
    Periodic reoptimization:        every 3600 seconds, next in 2803 seconds
    Periodic FRR Promotion:         Not Running
    Periodic auto-bw collection:    every 300 seconds, next in 103 seconds
P2P TUNNELS/LSPs:
TUNNEL NAME                      DESTINATION      UP IF      DOWN IF    STATE/PROT
br04-7600-mtp02_t50              94.103.128.56    -         Gi3/2     up/up
br04-7600-mtp02_t51              94.103.128.56    -         Gi3/1     up/up
br01-7600-par01_t50              94.103.128.59    Gi3/2      -          up/up
br01-7600-par01_t51              94.103.128.59    Gi3/1      -          up/up
Displayed 2 (of 2) heads, 0 (of 0) midpoints, 2 (of 2) tails
P2MP TUNNELS:
Displayed 0 (of 0) P2MP heads
P2MP SUB-LSPS:
Displayed 0 P2MP sub-LSPs:
          0 (of 0) heads, 0 (of 0) midpoints, 0 (of 0) tails
br04-7600-mtp02#show mpls traffic-eng fast-reroute database
P2P Headend FRR information:
Protected tunnel               In-label Out intf/label   FRR intf/label   Status
Tunnel50                       Tun hd   Gi3/2:implicit-n Tu51:implicit-nu Ready
P2P LSP midpoint frr information:
LSP identifier                 In-label Out intf/label   FRR intf/label   Status
P2MP Sub-LSP FRR information:
*Sub-LSP identifier
src_lspid[subid]->dst_tunid    In-label Out intf/label   FRR intf/label   Status
* Sub-LSP identifier format: _[SubgroupID]->_
Note: Sub-LSP identifier may be truncated.
Use 'detail' display for the complete key.
br04-7600-mtp02#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels backup
br04-7600-mtp02_t51
LSP Head, Admin: up, Oper: up
Tun ID: 51, LSP ID: 35, Source: 94.103.128.59
Destination: 94.103.128.56
Fast Reroute Backup Provided:
    Protected i/fs: Gi3/2
    Protected LSPs/Sub-LSPs: 1, Active: 0
    Backup BW: any pool unlimited; inuse: 0 kbps
    Backup flags: 0x0
*Here the output from br01
br01-7600-par01#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels brief
Signalling Summary:
    LSP Tunnels Process:            running
    Passive LSP Listener:           running
    RSVP Process:                   running
    Forwarding:                     enabled
    Periodic reoptimization:        every 3600 seconds, next in 2489 seconds
    Periodic FRR Promotion:         Not Running
    Periodic auto-bw collection:    every 300 seconds, next in 89 seconds
P2P TUNNELS/LSPs:
TUNNEL NAME                      DESTINATION      UP IF      DOWN IF    STATE/PROT
br01-7600-par01_t50              94.103.128.59    -         Gi3/1     up/up
br01-7600-par01_t51              94.103.128.59    -         Gi3/2     up/up
br04-7600-mtp02_t50              94.103.128.56    Gi3/1      -          up/up
br04-7600-mtp02_t51              94.103.128.56    Gi3/2      -          up/up
Displayed 2 (of 2) heads, 0 (of 0) midpoints, 2 (of 2) tails
P2MP TUNNELS:
Displayed 0 (of 0) P2MP heads
P2MP SUB-LSPS:
Displayed 0 P2MP sub-LSPs:
          0 (of 0) heads, 0 (of 0) midpoints, 0 (of 0) tails
br01-7600-par01#show mpls traffic-eng fast-reroute database
P2P Headend FRR information:
Protected tunnel               In-label Out intf/label   FRR intf/label   Status
Tunnel50                       Tun hd   Gi3/1:implicit-n Tu51:implicit-nu Ready
P2P LSP midpoint frr information:
LSP identifier                 In-label Out intf/label   FRR intf/label   Status
P2MP Sub-LSP FRR information:
*Sub-LSP identifier
src_lspid[subid]->dst_tunid    In-label Out intf/label   FRR intf/label   Status
* Sub-LSP identifier format: _[SubgroupID]->_
Note: Sub-LSP identifier may be truncated.
Use 'detail' display for the complete key.
br01-7600-par01#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels backup
br01-7600-par01_t51
LSP Head, Admin: up, Oper: up
Tun ID: 51, LSP ID: 30, Source: 94.103.128.56
Destination: 94.103.128.59
Fast Reroute Backup Provided:
    Protected i/fs: Gi3/1
    Protected LSPs/Sub-LSPs: 1, Active: 0
    Backup BW: any pool unlimited; inuse: 0 kbps
    Backup flags: 0x0
Thx,
Laurent

Fast Reroute on 7600 platform

Hi,
One quick enquiry, does 7600 platform support MPLS Fast Reroute.
Practical inputs would be of immense help.
Thanks
Cheers
~sultan

The MPLS Traffic EngineeringFast Reroute MIB provides Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)-based network management of the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Fast Reroute (FRR) feature in Cisco IOS software.
The Fast Reroute MIB has the following features:
"Notifications can be created and queued.
"Command-line interface (CLI) commands enable notifications, and specify the IP address to where the notifications will be sent.
"The configuration of the notifications can be written into nonvolatile memory.
Refer to MPLS Traffic EngineeringFast Reroute MIB section for more information
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/mpls/configuration/guide/mp_te_fast_rr_mib_ps6922_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html#wp1101191

Fast entry of Time data

Hi all,
i'm looking for a way to enter a lot of entries for a lot of EE.
PA71 don't permit to do this for IT2012, and 41.
-> Does anybody have an idea?
Thanx

Hi Fafa,
If you can assign the infotype 2012 to Inftotype menu 09-Fast Entry for Time you can do fast entry using PA71. Like wise if you assign the infotype 41 to infotype menu 07-Fast entry for Master Data, you can do fast entry using PA70.
U can assign the infotypes to infomenu following path:
Personnel Management -- Personnel Administration -- Customizing Procedures -- Infotype Menus
Under that you need to perform Infotype Menus, and probably setup infotype menus for fast entry
Hope this will help you to resolve your issue.
Thanks

Does JMF support RTP packets being sent "Faster than real time"?

I have a situation where some stored audio is passed to a speech recogniser using RTP. This is all working well with JMF. However, since this operation is "offline" (i.e. no live person is actually speaking or hearing this audio stream) and the recognizer is capable of processing the audio very quickly, then the RTP stream could be sending the audio in "faster than real time". What settings in the following components would allow this?
DataSource _dataSource = Manager.createDataSource(source);
Processor _processor = Manager.createProcessor(_dataSource);
TrackControl[] trackControls = _processor.getTrackControls();
Codec codec[] = new Codec[3];
codec[0] = new com.ibm.media.codec.audio.rc.RCModule();
codec[1] = new com.ibm.media.codec.audio.ulaw.JavaEncoder();
codec[2] = new com.sun.media.codec.audio.ulaw.Packetizer();
((com.sun.media.codec.audio.ulaw.Packetizer) codec[2]).setPacketSize(160);
_processor.realize();
DataSource dataOutput = _processor.getDataOutput();
SendStream _sendStream = _rtpManager.createSendStream(dataOutput, 0);
_sendStream.start();
_processor.start();I tried "setRate" on the processor but this had no effect. getRate showed that it was still 1.0
Best Regards,
Jamie

I wrote my own RTP client in about an hour - (seemed simpler than navigating JMF options). It is very basic, but works as I want. The RTP server (the speech recognizer it able to consume the stream and gives exactly the same results).
package com.sss.mrcp;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.Random;
public class RTP extends Thread {
     InputStream is;
     String address;
     int port;
     int localPort;
     public RTP(InputStream is, int localPort, String address, int port) {
          this.is = is;
          this.address = address;
          this.port = port;
          this.localPort = localPort;
     public void run() {
          try {
          DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(localPort);
          Random r = new Random();
          int sequenceNumber = r.nextInt();
          int syncId = r.nextInt();
          int timeStamp = 0;
          int len = 256;
          byte[] buf = new byte[len];
          int code = 0;
          int headerLength = 12;
          while ((code = is.read(buf, headerLength, len - headerLength)) > -1) {
               int i = 0;
               buf[i++] = (byte) 0x80; // version info
               buf[i++] = (byte) 0x08;     // 8=alaw,0=ulaw
               sequenceNumber++;
               buf[i++] = (byte) (sequenceNumber / 0x100);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (sequenceNumber % 0x100);
               timeStamp += (len - 12);
               int timeStampTop = (timeStamp / 0x10000);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (timeStampTop / 0x100);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (timeStampTop % 0x100);
               int timeStampBottom = (timeStamp % 0x10000);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (timeStampBottom / 0x100);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (timeStampBottom % 0x100);
               int syncIdTop = (syncId / 0x10000);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (syncIdTop / 0x100);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (syncIdTop % 0x100);
               int syncIdBottom = (syncId % 0x10000);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (syncIdBottom / 0x100);
               buf[i++] = (byte) (syncIdBottom % 0x100);
               DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, code+headerLength, InetAddress.getByName(address), port);
               socket.send(packet);
               Thread.sleep(1); // this sets the speed of delivery "faster than real time"
          } catch (Exception e) {
               throw new RuntimeException(e);
}

Custom Fast formula for Time Entry Rule in OTL

Hi,
i have created custom validation for time entry rules. I need to validate where Project and task fields are null or not? If Yes, it has to fire the custom message that i have mentioned in function. Please check the below code and help me whether i am on right path:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION NON_pto_against_projects (
p_time_category_id NUMBER,
p_person_id NUMBER
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
--Variables used for retrieving timecard id and ovn
l_db_pre_period_start DATE;
l_db_pre_period_stop DATE;
l_time_building_block_id hxc_time_building_blocks.time_building_block_id%TYPE;
l_object_version_number hxc_time_building_blocks.object_version_number%TYPE;
--Variables used for loading timecard tables
l_time_building_blocks hxc_self_service_time_deposit.timecard_info;
l_time_app_attributes hxc_self_service_time_deposit.app_attributes_info;
l_attributes hxc_self_service_time_deposit.building_block_attribute_info;
--Variables used for getting exploded time details
v_blocks_tab hxc_block_table_type;
v_attr_tab hxc_attribute_table_type;
l_messages_tab hxc_message_table_type;
l_detail_blocks hxc_self_service_time_deposit.timecard_info;
l_detail_messages hxc_self_service_time_deposit.message_table;
CURSOR csr_category_elements (p_category_id NUMBER)
IS
SELECT 'ELEMENT - ' || TO_CHAR (value_id) element_type_string
FROM hxc_time_category_comps_v
WHERE time_category_id = p_category_id;
l_cat_elements_string VARCHAR2 (2000);
l_temp VARCHAR2 (1000); --Trace message
l_success_flag CHAR (1); --Return values
BEGIN
--Initialize variables
l_success_flag := 'S';
l_time_building_blocks := hxc_self_service_time_deposit.get_building_blocks;
l_attributes := hxc_self_service_time_deposit.get_block_attributes;
v_blocks_tab :=
hxc_deposit_wrapper_utilities.blocks_to_array (l_time_building_blocks);
v_attr_tab :=
hxc_deposit_wrapper_utilities.attributes_to_array (l_attributes);
IF v_blocks_tab.FIRST IS NOT NULL
THEN
Take each ELEMENT type attribute, and search whether PROJECTS type attribute exists for the SAME BLOCK-START
FOR index1 IN v_attr_tab.FIRST .. v_attr_tab.LAST
LOOP
IF v_attr_tab (index1).attribute_category = 'ELEMENT - %'
THEN --Element attr
FOR element_rec IN csr_category_elements (p_time_category_id)
LOOP
If Element Attribute matches any of the NON-TOP elements in the Time Category-START
IF v_attr_tab (index1).attribute_category =
element_rec.element_type_string
THEN
Check PROJECTS Attributes project and task belonging to ELEMENT attribute's owner block-START
l_success_flag := 'E';
FOR index2 IN v_attr_tab.FIRST .. v_attr_tab.LAST
LOOP
IF v_attr_tab (index2).attribute_category LIKE
'PROJECT - %'
AND v_attr_tab (index2).building_block_id =
v_attr_tab (index1).building_block_id
AND v_attr_tab (index2).attribute1 IS NOT NULL
AND v_attr_tab (index2).attribute2 IS NOT NULL
THEN
l_success_flag := 'S';
EXIT;
END IF;
END LOOP;
IF l_success_flag = 'E'
THEN
RETURN 'E';
END IF;
Check PROJECTS Attributes project and task belonging to ELEMENT attribute's owner block-END
END IF;
If Element Attribute matches any of the NON-TOP elements in the Time Category-END
END LOOP;
END IF; --Element attr
END LOOP;
Take each ELEMENT type attribute, and search whether PROJECTS type attribute exists for the SAME BLOCK-END
END IF;
RETURN l_success_flag;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS
THEN
RAISE;
END NON_pto_against_projects;

INPUTS ARE resource_id (number)
, submission_date (text)these inputs are passed in PLSQL Code and some of them in formula context
2. While we define a new context for a time entry rule. How is the data that we enter in the time entry rule passed to the fast formula?See the time Rule entry screen and you will find the parameters window there.

Super fast wifi at times on original iPad

Was wondering if anyone else has experienced this on their original iPad.
So I own a 3G / wifi 32 original iPad ... Bought in 2010.    It works great, iOS 5.1.1
I've noticed that at certain times, especially at night, between 6-midnight and slightly past , that my iPad not only gets really fast wifi speed, but also the screens resolution is slightly "crisper" than usual..... More "hd" if there is such a term .... Icons look sharper, Colors are sharper, even letter, text, etc... Appear to be really crisp, sharp.... Even home page icons seem slightly tighter, smaller, very clean and crisp and clear, extremely sharp. Even the screen keyboard type action is tighter and "less sluggish".
I know it sounds crazy, but I assure you, this occurs. Then, in the morning, it's back to normal,,then repeats at night.   Wt.... Is going on?
Thx.

Thx James for your response.
I understand network may be less cluttered , which would explain the faster speeds, but, my main question is why and how a stronger wifi speed, connection, etc.... makes my screen "crisper" and super clean, tight. I love it, and I wish it was like that all the time, but like I said , usually in the morning, it's back to "normal" which is still pretty crisp and clean, but not as ... As at night.     Again, question is screen res. is affected by wifi network speed, strength?

Automatically Sync clock so that it is 5 minutes faster than actual time.

Is there a way to have Leopard Automatically sync the time AND have it be 5 minutes faster than the actual time?
I have all my clocks set 5 minutes fast and would like to have my Leopard (10.5.6) clocks automatically sync and be 5 minutes fast without me always having to check and make sure the time has not slipped to far behind or gotten more than "Actual Time" + 5 minutes fast.

There may be some 3rd party software, but if your other clocks are not synched, but running ahead, then why not simply unsynch the Leopard clock and set it manually as you are most likely doing with all your other clocks?

External hard drive doesn't wake up fast enough for Time Machine

I am having trouble with using SuperDuper and Time Machine doing their jobs with my external firewire drives.
Config: One 750GB drive (one partition called DataDisk) and one 1TB drive (with two partitiions - Clone and TMDisk) connected thru daisychained firewire to the mac mini.
*Backup Strategy*: SuperDuper clones the internal hard drive to the Clone partition once a week. The Time Machine is setup to backup the DataDisk to the TMDisk.
Usage: My Mac mini is essentially a media server with iTunes always running. Per advice on another thread, I have the mini's power saving setup to let the hard drives go to sleep when possible.
Problem: Once the external drives have gone to sleep, and the SuperDuper tries to do the cloning, it fails. Similarly, the TM fails to find the backup drive. However, if I keep the drive active at the time of these backups, both SD and TM work fine.
Is there a way for me to wake up the drives before SD starts its cloning? Note: I am not letting the mini go to sleep as I use Apple TV to play its contents remotely.
Also, is there a way to wake up the drive before TM starts its operation every hour?
Appreciate any help.
Message was edited by: new2appletv

Hi Andy,
Thank you very much for your suggestions.
I will try to test with USB connection. I will try with the 1TB drive first as the 750GB drive needs work. The 750GB drive needs the firewire interface card to be replaced by the USB card whereas the 1TB has both available together.
I am not terribly in favour of keeping everything ON for the following reasons:
1. The mini or the drives make a whirring noise all the time that they are ON. One of the reasons, I retired my windows PC is that it is inside a computer armoire in my bedroom and even then the noise from the SMPS and CPU fans drive me crazy.
2. The TM starts a backup cycle every hour even when there is nothing to backup and this causes clicking noise from the drives. If I could configure TM to run only once a day so that I can get the rollback uption (which SD can't) when I accidentally delete some data file. But, I am told that TM can't be configured thus.
3. Power consumption: I have a power meter that plugs into the AC outlet into which I can connect the devices under measurement. I will find out how much power it really consumes. I had purchased this device to measure the power consumption of the pump/filter in my Koi pond as that runs 24/7 and I don't like drawing too much of electricity as it is a scarce resource today (the electricity cost is also very high in Northern California).
I am just wondering if I should buy one of those RF remotes that you connect to USB port which can operate from upto a distance of 60ft. I could keep this next to my Apple TV remote and use it to wake up the mac mini before using my Apple TV. I only hope that the mac mini wakes up on this type of remote as well.

MPLS TE fast-reroute swicth time?

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