Msexchangerepl.exe processor utilization keeps climbing

Hello,
We have an exchange server 2010 sp2 installation that is about 6 months old. We have always had an increasing processor utilization issue since the environment was built that we have not been able to resolve. Our setup is as follows:
We have a DAG with two member servers, and one witness server. The servers are located in separate data centers with a 100Mbps link and <1ms latency. There is only one AD site for both data centers, there is not an AD site per datacenter. I
believe the subnet/nic configuration is different than what Microsoft recommends. We have 2 nics per server, replication and local area connection. On one server, both nics are on a .0 subnet, and on the other server, both NICs are on a .47 subnet.
I have a theory that the lack of seperate AD sites, and the non-standard subnet configuration could be contributing to, if not causing our replication issues. Is this the wrong line of thinking? Thanks!

Hi,
Please use the performance monitor and compare with the performance counters to find the root cause:
Perfwiz for Exchange 2010
http://blogs.technet.com/b/mikelag/archive/2010/01/11/perfwiz-for-exchange-2010.aspx
Performance and Scalability Counters and Thresholds
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd335215.aspx
Thanks,
Simon

Similar Messages

Excel 2013 and Random Excessive Processor Utilization

Every now and then (about once per day), my Excel 2013 will randomly seize one of my 8 threads and max it out. My PC is quad-core and hyper-threaded, so it shows up in task manager as 8 cores. When Excel seizes, its UI still seems to function
properly... I can input data and format cells, etc. But even when my machine should be idle, I'll notice that my laptop fan is running at the maximum. When this happens, a quick look at task manager shows me that "excel.exe *32" is consuming
13% of my processor utilization (100% divided by 8).
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is still an excel.exe *32 process hanging out in my task list, consuming exactly 13% of the CPU until I end the process).
I notice this more often when editing network files via VPN, but every now and then it will happen with local files, too.
Perhaps this is an issue with multi-cores and memory locks? I'm tempted to permanently set the processor affinity for excel.exe to see if this alleviates the issue...
Do you have any suggestions?

Seems that Excel crash issue only happen for a single user in your site, and you've tried some of troubleshoot steps already. Please continue to perform the following method which mention in the
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RAM utilization keeps increasing over time

Environment: SharePoint Server 2010 on a stand-alone server, total RAM: 24GB
I noticed that on our server the RAM utilization keeps going up until it gets to about 94-97% at which point everything become extremely slow or completely non-responsive. we reboot the server, the RAM utilization goes down to about 28% but then starts
increasing again. I used Resource Monitor and looked at the memory section. From the processes listed there it looks like the sqlserver.exe process's private memory usage keeps increasing proportionally to the whole RAM utilization while the other
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Could you please suggest any tools or techniques that would help us determine what is causing this increase in RAM utilization?
thanks,

For single instance SQL 2008 R2 or higher installations where no other applications (like SharePoint) are running, it is not necessary to set MAXMEM.
Trevor Seward, MCC
Follow or contact me at...
This post is my own opinion and does not necessarily reflect the opinion or view of Microsoft, its employees, or other MVPs.

What is the cause of high processor utilization?

We have Netware 6.5 SP8. About a month ago we started getting high processor utilization (in Monitor it goes up to around 50% - 55%) on the server every day around 11:00AM, and it stays high for about an hour, and then after an hour or so, it will drop back down to normal. During the high utilization time, the server really slows down to a crawl causing major user problems. I have no idea what is causing this; as far as I know nothing has changed on the server. I checked the backup system and nothing is running. I also checked the cron file and no cron jobs are running. In Monitor checking the Kernel, Busies Threads doesn't give much information either. It always shows something like "Server 34" or "Server 17". Is there any way to find out what is causing the high utilization?
Thanks....

In addition to David's comments, love the minions reference, I'd only add that in NoRM you can see the stack trace of a process. NoRM --> Diagnose Server --> Profile / Debug --> Server XXX ( from the list, you can see the %utilization ) This also works for any process you see running, but since your issue is in server work to do's we'll look at them.
After a few times you can catch the WTO in the act of actually processing work. The output will include something like the following... including a work description and the source of the work. This is NOT always present, as most of the time the worker thread is idle and you will see a very abbreviated stack dump and not much else. Keep trying and you will get a more detailed looking output referencing a type of work as well as potentially the module and stack dump of what is happening.
-- Bob
Example:
Code:
Thread Name Server 11
Thread ID 8AA3A5A0
Parent NLM SERVER.NLM
Processor Assignment 0
Total Execution Time days: 20, hours: 20, minutes: 46, seconds: 4, milliseconds: 304
MP Status In classic NetWare
Stack Bottom 896C2040
Current Stack Pointer 896C9A18
Stack Top 896C9FC0
Stack Size 32,640 Bytes
Suspend Reason Blocked on Semaphore
Work Description _SkulkerWorkerProc (Outbound Replication) <-- Ah Ha!
Semaphore Information
Semaphore Name NOVDB
Semaphore ID 8FCA90A0
Semaphore Value -1
Threads Waiting on Semaphore 1
Current Owner Server 11
Active Work To Do Information <-- All of this is useful to know.
Work To Do ID 8FF4BC14
Work Location 90C86CE2 (DS.NLM|BackgroundEvent+0)
Work To Do Description DS AES Process
Work Owner DS.NLM
Stack:
896C9A18: 00226431 (SERVER.NLM|SchedSwitch+2A9)
896C9A1C: --896C9A50 ?
896C9A20: --00000246 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+246)
896C9A24: --8FCA90A0 ?
896C9A28: --1C23E388 ?
896C9A2C: 002168A4 (SERVER.NLM|kSemaphoreWait+E0)
896C9A30: --896C9A50 ?
896C9A34: --ADB0BB24 ?
896C9A38: --ABA05828 ?
896C9A3C: --8FF3A408 ?
896C9A40: 90E67991 (DS.NLM|waitToComplete$F_IOBuffer+14)
896C9A44: --8FCA90A0 ?
896C9A48: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9A4C: --8FF3A408 ?
896C9A50: --896C9A60 ?
896C9A54: 90E6751B (DS.NLM|waitForAllPendingIO$F_IOBufferMgr+14)
896C9A58: --ABA05828 ?
896C9A5C: --8A9AD088 (NSSWIN.NLM|DisplayHelp+9B8)
896C9A60: --896C9A94 ?
896C9A64: 90D90D47 (DS.NLM|completeTransWrites$F_Rfl+2D0)
896C9A68: --8FF3A408 ?
896C9A6C: --FE2D4900 ?
896C9A70: --896C9A94 ?
896C9A74: --896C9AAC ?
896C9A78: --00000001 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+1)
896C9A7C: --00000001 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+1)
896C9A80: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9A84: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9A88: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9A8C: --ADB0BB24 ?
896C9A90: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9A94: --896C9B0C ?
896C9A98: 90D85794 (DS.NLM|flmCommitDbTrans+4FB)
896C9A9C: --8A9AD088 (NSSWIN.NLM|DisplayHelp+9B8)
896C9AA0: --ADB0BB24 ?
896C9AA4: --00000001 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+1)
896C9AA8: --00000001 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+1)
896C9AAC: --8AA3A5A0 ?
896C9AB0: --ADB0BB24 ?
896C9AB4: --3C8D5048 ?
896C9AB8: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9ABC: 00214492 (SERVER.NLM|kMutexUnlock+10A)
896C9AC0: --8AA3A5A0 ?
896C9AC4: --00000001 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+1)
896C9AC8: --8ACF71EC (DHOST.NLM|?_V__YAXPAX_Z+2BDC)
896C9ACC: --896C9B04 ?
896C9AD0: --ADB0BB24 ?
896C9AD4: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9AD8: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9ADC: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9AE0: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9AE4: --3C8D5048 ?
896C9AE8: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9AEC: --00000001 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+1)
896C9AF0: --8ACF7288 (DHOST.NLM|?_V__YAXPAX_Z+2C78)
896C9AF4: --00000001 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+1)
896C9AF8: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9AFC: --8ACF7064 (DHOST.NLM|?_V__YAXPAX_Z+2A54)
896C9B00: --896C9C3C ?
896C9B04: --00000000 (LOADER.NLM|KernelAddressSpace+0)
896C9B08: --ADB0BB24 ?
896C9B0C: --896C9C28 ?
896C9B10: 90D859E9 (DS.NLM|FlmDbTransCommit+CB)
896C9B14: --ADB0BB24 ?

EXCEL.EXE process is keep running even after closing all the handles

I am using Excel Report Instrument functions for creating excel application and sheet,workbook after reading/writing in to excel file am closing all the handles using CA_DiscardObjHandle (handle);     even after file is getting closed m checking it in TaskManager then one EXCEl.EXE process is keep running there,pls let me know how to deal with this....
Solved!
Go to Solution.

A Kumar:
Have you tried running the example program excelreportdemo.prj that ships with CVI? It ends the excel process by discarding multiple handles, and it works even if you're editing a cell or have an Excel dialog open, etc. Try running this without modification and verify that the excel process is closed when you quit the CVI app.
Here's the Quit function from excelreportdemo. It checks for and closes handles for the worksheet, chart, workbook, and excel application.
int CVICALLBACK Quit (int panel, int control, int event,
        void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
    switch (event)
        case EVENT_COMMIT:
            if (worksheetHandle)
                CA_DiscardObjHandle(worksheetHandle);
            if (chartHandle)
                CA_DiscardObjHandle(chartHandle);
            if (workbookHandle)
                ExcelRpt_WorkbookClose(workbookHandle, 0);
                CA_DiscardObjHandle(workbookHandle);
            if (applicationHandle)
                ExcelRpt_ApplicationQuit(applicationHandle);
                CA_DiscardObjHandle(applicationHandle);
            QuitUserInterface (0);
            break;
    return 0;

TS3899 Why is the number of e-mails higher on my iPhone than in my e-mail when I log into it on my computer? The difference between the 2 keeps climbing.

Why is the number of e-mails higher on my iPhone than in my e-mail when I log into it from my computer? And how do I fix it? The number keeps climbing on my phone, making the difference between the two greater.

You're welcome.
In order to have the account's Sent mailbox synchronized with the server with the Mail.app on your Mac and with the iPhone's Mail application, you must store the account's Sent mailbox on the server with each. The same applies to the account's Drafts and Trash mailboxes.
With store sent messages on the server deselected for the account preferences with the Mail.app on your Mac, create an "On My Mac" location mailbox. At the Mail.app menu bar go to Mailbox and select New Mailbox. Choose On My Mac for the mailbox location - which will be stored locally on your computer's hard drive and enter a name for the mailbox. You can name this mailbox MobileMe Sent. Select OK to create the mailbox, which will be available under "On My Mac" in the Mail.app mailboxes drawer.
Select your MobileMe Sent mailbox. Select a sent message in the mailbox and at the menu bar go to Edit and choose Select All. Follow this - at the Mail.app menu bar go to Message and select Move To and then select the new On My Mac location mailbox in the window provided. This will move all messages from the account's locally stored sent mailbox to the newly created On My Mac location mailbox. When this transfer has been completed, re-select store sent messages on the server for the account preferences.
Now do the same with the newly created On My Mac location mailbox where all sent messages were transferred to. Select a message in the mailbox and at the menu bar go to Edit > Select All. At the menu bar go to Message > Move To and select your MobileMe account's server stored Sent mailbox under Sent in the window provided. This will transfer all messages stored locally on your computer's hard drive from the newly created "On My Mac" location mailbox to the account's server stored Sent mailbox. These messages will no be available when accessing the account with the iPhone's Mail application.

Multi processor utilization

Hi,
I have two questions.
My multi-threaded server application utilizes more than 95%
of the CPU under high load conditions. However on a dual
processor machine the processor utilization does not cross
70% under high load conditions. The load is simulated by
a test environment that can pump in as much load as is desired
and has no limitation.
My second question is, does SUN document the maximum amount of
data that a SUN machine can read/write per second from its ethernet
internet. If yes, where can I find this information.
A quick reply with copy to [email protected] is very very appreciated.
Regards,
PK

Interesting to me too . .
I read on the FCP forum that FCP 5.0.4 only uses two processors. The poster was asking whether the universal upgrade was modified to use all four on a quad - or whether it was for the new Intels only.
Funny how you only find this stuff out AFTER you've spent a fortune on the latest hardware!
Andy

High processor utilization during DAQmxReadCounterF64

Hardware: PCI-6220
Software: C++ 6.0
Driver: NI-DAQmx 7.3
This is a typical function call to get an encoder reading that is sampled on a 60Hz clock:
lStatus = DAQmxReadCounterF64(m_hEncHandle, 1, 0.25, dEncData, BUFFER_SIZE, &lEncPtsRead, NULL);
No problem getting the data. But while it is waiting for the 60Hz clock I get almost 100% processor utilization. My expectation of how this should work - my thread calls this function and it blocks releasing the processor to perform other functions until a sample clock event or .25 seconds expires (error condition). Any idea why the processor is being hogged at this point and is this the way it should act?
Ed

Hi Ed,
What you are seeing is a known feature of NI-DAQmx. DAQmx uses all available processor power to ensure that you get the BEST data acquisition performance. However, the DAQmx driver was written so that if ANY other application requests to use the processor, DAQmx will release it to the other program. This way DAQmx uses all of the processor unless something else needs it.
Check out this KB:
http://digital.ni.com/public.nsf/websearch/09D80223FA84113D86256D6A004B97C3?OpenDocument

ASA-SSM-10 7.0(4)E4 100% processor utilization

I updated my ASA 5510 SSM modules this morning to 7.0.(4)E4. Ever since then both my primary and failover unit has been showing at what I am guessing is 100% processor utilization.
Primary:
Memory Usage
   usedBytes = 663646208
   freeBytes = 368848896
   totalBytes = 1032495104
Summertime Statistics
   start = 03:00:00 UTC Sun Mar 13 2011
   end = 01:00:00 GMT-06:00 Sun Nov 06 2011
CPU Statistics
   Usage over last 5 seconds = 100
   Usage over last minute = 99
   Usage over last 5 minutes = 99
Memory Statistics
   Memory usage (bytes) = 663646208
   Memory free (bytes) = 368848896
Auto Update Statistics
   lastDirectoryReadAttempt = N/A
   lastDownloadAttempt = N/A
   lastInstallAttempt = N/A
   nextAttempt = 16:25:24 UTC Sat Apr 30 2011
Failover:
Memory Usage
   usedBytes = 665214976
   freeBytes = 367280128
   totalBytes = 1032495104
Summertime Statistics
   start = 02:00:00 UTC Sun Mar 13 2011
   end = 02:00:00 UTC Sun Nov 06 2011
CPU Statistics
   Usage over last 5 seconds = 100
   Usage over last minute = 100
   Usage over last 5 minutes = 100
Memory Statistics
   Memory usage (bytes) = 665214976
   Memory free (bytes) = 367280128
Auto Update Statistics
   lastDirectoryReadAttempt = 20:26:48 UTC Sat Apr 30 2011
    =   Read directory: https://198.133.219.25//cgi-bin/front.x/ida/locator/locator.pl
    =   Success: No installable auto update package found on server
   lastDownloadAttempt = N/A
   lastInstallAttempt = N/A
   nextAttempt = 21:26:43 UTC Sat Apr 30 2011
Anyone have any suggestions on what I should do? I figure since my failover doesnt have ANY traffic going through it that it being pegged at 100% means something is seriously wrong.

Jerry, have you resolved cpu problem? 7.0(5) is available, maybe you should give it a try.
Regards,
Sasa

Viewing processor utilization within the application?

I need to view the processor utiliation from within my application. Is there a call I can make to the operating system or does LabVIEW have the capability to do it? Thanks in advance.

If you have LV7 and have installed the .Net framework there is an example included with LV called SimpleTaskMonitor.vi, it does just that - using .Net
MTO

Connections in use keeps climbing

I have a BM 39 SP1 proxy running on NW65 SP7. The proxy was originally just BM39, and was working fine for months. Recently, we got reports that users couldn't get to the internet, and found that communication with the server was down. We could shut off BorderManager from the console and communication would return. But if we started the proxy again it would stop communicating again. A reset of the server fixes the problem for a while, until the 'Connections in use' field on the NBM FastCache Current Activity screen would climb back up to around 10,000+ connections.
After reading through some posts on this forum about the same problem, I tried updating the proxy to SP1. I haven't had the same communication problem yet, but its only been an hour or so and already the connections in use have reached 4500+. Normally I see a maximum of 1000 connections on a busy day.
I have wiresharked the packets on the internet NIC for this server, all traffic seems consistent with normal internet use. I am not very experienced at packet analysis so I could have missed something there.
We did not make any configuration changes to this server between when it was working and when it wasn't as far as I know.
Any thoughts?

sledneck 9 wrote:
> 1. config.txt?
> 2. proxy.cfg?
> 3. Virus or malware on your network? lan trace will show that
>
> 1. config.txt is attached, I removed the abend.log file from it so it
> would fit on this forum.
>
> 2. proxy.cfg:
>
> ============================
> [Log Format]
> Delimiter-Character=space
>
> [MiniWeb Server]
> Port-Number=1959
> Root-Directory=SYS:\ETC\PROXY\DATA
>
> [MiniWeb Server: Mime Types]
> Content-Type: text/html=htm,html
> Content-Type: text/plain=txt,text,cla,class
> Content-Type: image/gif=gif
> Content-Type: image/jpeg=jpg,jpeg,jpe,jfif,pjpeg,pjp
> Content-Type: image/tiff=tiff,tif
> Content-Type: image/x-xbitmap=xbm
> Content-Type: video/x-msvideo=avi
> Content-Type: video/quicktime=qt,mov,moov
> Content-Type: video/x-mpeg2=mpv2,mp2v
> Content-Type: video/mpeg=mpeg,mpg,mpe,mpv,vbs,mpegv
> Content-Type: audio/x-pn-realaudio=ra,ram
> Content-Type: audio/x-mpeg=mpega,mp2,mpa,abs
> Content-Type: audio/x-wav=wav
> Content-Type: audio/x-aiff=aif,aiff,aifc
> Content-Type: application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig=pac
> ============================
>
> 3. I am having our anti-virus person double check but we are not aware of
> any trouble.
>
> We are noticing these symptoms on a few more of our bm39 servers, not so
> bad as to stop communications, but still in the ~4000 connection range
> with only ~50 clients connected.
>
> thanks
>
>
> +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
> |Filename: misprx2_config.txt |
> |Download: http://forums.novell.com/attachment....achmentid=2330 |
> +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
>
Your server is very bad configured, specially the cache volumes. Can you
follow tid3321740 and properly configure it?
Use the proxy.cfg from http://www.craigjconsulting.com/

Win32_Processor CPUSTATUS shows ideal where logical processors utilization more than 20%.

Trying to collect CPU’s status by using Win32_processor WMI.
In this, one of the processor CPU status always shows ideal (4) but logical processor usage is more than 20% when checking in Task manger.
Is there any reason behind CPU status (Win32_processor), Why it is always show the value 4 (Ideal).
CPU status – win32_processor
CpuStatus
Data type:
uint16
Access type: Read-only
Current status of the processor. Status changes indicate processor usage, but not the physical condition of the processor.
Value
Meaning
0 (0x0)
Unknown
1 (0x1)
CPU Enabled
2 (0x2)
CPU Disabled by User via BIOS Setup
3 (0x3)
CPU Disabled by BIOS (POST Error)
4 (0x4)
CPU Is Idle
5 (0x5)
Reserved
6 (0x6)
Reserved
7 (0x7)
Other
Server: windows 2003 enterprise
Processor#: 2 (Dual core)
WMI code:
strServer = "."
Set objWMI = GetObject("winmgmts://" & strServer & "/root\cimv2")
Set objInstances = objWMI.InstancesOf("Win32_Processor",48)
On Error Resume Next
Wscript.echo "CPU_Status
Status
Info"
For Each objInstance in objInstances
WScript.Echo objInstance.CpuStatus & vbtab & objInstance.Status & vbtab & objInstance.StatusInfo
On Error Goto 0
Next

Hi Sir,
Sorry for the delay .
But I have tested all servers in my lab , they are all showing "1 (0x1)CPU Enabled" .
Best Regards,
Elton Ji
Please remember to mark the replies as answers if they help and unmark them if they provide no help. If you have feedback for TechNet Subscriber Support, contact [email protected] .

HOTSYNC.exe and DVZMSGR.exe Processor Hostile Takeover

Fairly frequently my Dell Inspiron 6000 comes to a screeching halt. When I go to the task manager to see what is going on one of the above two files has taken over my processor. I can end the process and the problem goes away. Why is this happening?
Post relates to: Centro (AT&T)

I am having the exact same problem with the error message on exit of InDesign CS5.
I tried to rebuilt the files with Alt+Shift+Ctrl and then exit the program afterwards. The first time it worked without a flaw. Then the second and third time the problem appeared again.
On top of that InDesign crashed in Win XP and the possibility for an error report was given.
I asked one of my colleagues that has the exact same setup (OS) and CS5 suite and she doesn't have this problem ever. However I read that somebody in this thread assumed it could have something to do with installed fonts. I did install fonts in the windows fonts folder as well as locally in the Adobe font folder a month or two ago but this problem seemed to have appeared some time after this when it happened for the first time (not 100% sure though when exactly that was).
Also I have noticed something interesting.
The error message only appears when InDesign is closed WITH a document open and not when there is no document open while closing InDesign down. Thought this could be of interest... :-)
If someone can shed light on a solution I'd be most grateful.

Render time just keep climbing!

I am trying to output DVC Pro HD to apple pro res (1080).
I have done this similar output many times before and typically it take about 12 hrs for the 3 hr timeline.
This project, which is no different than the dozen Ihave done before, just does not want to render out.
Yesterday, after waiting 22 hrs for it to complete, I got a "general error" message.
I repaired the permissions on my drives, I trashed my preferences (cause that usually helps when I get a "final cut has unexpectedly quit message)
now at 14 hrs into the output, I is telling me I have 30 more to go.
It seems to be going up not down in time.
any thoughts on what might be going on here?
perhaps failing ram?? or some other hardware.
if permissions keep going bad on my main HD, perhaps a clean install of operating system is necessary?

I would recommend that you export a self-contained quicktime of you sequence, which I'm assuming is DVCProHD. Then take that file into Compressor to do the ProRes conversion.

HDV or AVCHD editing = processor utilization = import/exp. quality loss

Hello,
my question about processability of HDV/AVCHD Movies with iMovie. I have learned that HDV and AVCHD files are transfered in the AIC format. That should mean editig a movie would be always in the AIC format and I assume no difference whether I come from HDV or AVCHD format it should be similar demanding to the core2duo processor except initial transcoding from H264 to AIC - is this right?. When I save a movie out of iMovie do I save it in AIC or in HDV/AVCHD? Is there a quality loss transferring a movie back and forth from/to HDV/AVCHD to AIC since HDV employs mpeg2 and AVCHD employs H264 which are both compressed formats? Practically does this also mean that AIC can work as a bridge to between both formats?
Thanks for your replies to my several questions!

I have cut/pasted this from another thread where I posted it following a question from a Canon HV20 owner. The info applies to all HDV and AVCHD cams though. Might help you decide.
This comes from www.camcorderinfo.com
Compression (7.0)
The Canon HV20 (Review, Specs, Recent News, $903) uses HDV compression, a very efficient MPEG-2 codec with a fixed data rate of 25Mbps, identical to the data rate of standard definition DV compression. HDV excels in capturing stunningly high-resolution video, but it is inferior to DV in terms of rendering motion realistically, due to its dependence on interframe compression. This means that at 1080i, only one in fifteen frames is a full-frame picture, while the intervening frames are compressed in relation to each full I frame. Interframe compression is much more efficient than intraframe compression, and allows HDV to squeeze a full 1920 x 1080 picture into a 25Mbps stream, recordable to inexpensive MiniDV tapes. DV uses intraframe compression, so each frame is a fully independent picture, allowing much better motion capture. DV also uses a superior 4:1:1 color space while HDV encodes via a truncated 4:2:0 color space.
The inherent weaknesses of HDV have led many networks to deem the format sub-standard for broadcast, but it is still the best high definition format available on the consumer camcorder market. Most consumers find the stunning resolution of HDV trumps the superior motion handling of DV. A professionally lit HDV interview (or any HDV shot without too much detail or motion) can look nearly as good as footage shot in a professional HD format on a $20,000 camera. AVCHD, a new HD format that uses H.264 compression was introduced in 2006 and compresses video even more aggressively than HDV. Our tests of Canon's UX1 (Review, Specs, Recent News, $729.95) and SR1 (Review, Specs, Recent News, $1119.99) last fall show that while AVCHD video is very sharp, it suffers from grain and artifacts much more than HDV compression. The wildcard in the consumer high definition arena is a new MPEG-2 format developed by JVC, the MPEG Transfer Stream codec, which appears for the first time in the Everio HD7 (Review, Specs, Recent News, $1529). MPEG Transport Stream compresses video at up to 30Mbps, and may rival or even outclass HDV compression.
Media (6.0)
Like other HDV camcorders, the Canon HV20 records to MiniDV cassettes, the same inexpensive and widely available format used by standard definition DV camcorders. MiniDV cassettes have a run time of 60 minutes in SP mode, but can hold up to 90 minutes of more compressed LP video. Unlike the DVD, memory card, and HDD formats, MiniDV tapes are linear media so moving clips to a PC from tape is a real-time process. For anyone serious about the quality of his or her video, HDV recorded to MiniDV cassette remains the best consumer HD option available. To date, consumer non-linear video formats do not support the highest-quality video compression codices for high definition (HDV) and standard definition (DV).

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