My boot camp 4 won't make dvd from windows 7 iso

Help! why is the option to make install dvd from 1so file greyed out?

For some reason it doesn't see the .iso as a burnable disk or it doesn't "see" the iso at all. Is it really an .iso or did you download the .exe by mistake? The .exe can only be used while booted in Windows.
Is it an upgrade version, you need the full version for Boot Camp Assistant?
You may have to be logged as an Administrator?
You can burn it yourself first with "Disk Utility" at 2x only speed if you can't get it going.
Heres a link for more information. Here's an excerp from@Noble Seven's response:
Ok, that is wrong. To burn the iso to a disk, you first need to open the Disk Utility program, which is in the Utilities folder in Applications. If your cd is inside the computer, you should see it in the left pane. Select it. At the top, you will see the biohazard symbol that says "Burn". Select that, and find the iso file on your computer, and burn it.
It should now work fine.
With the Retail Upgrade DVD version, (in 10.6) I could still do a clean install. I don't know if you can with a burned "Upgrade" iso image.

Similar Messages

In boot camp I do not arrive to download windows 7 ISO in my pen drive

When I launch boot camp he recognizes my pen drive and start to download : then stops asking if I agree to download just windows 7 since is the only one supported for my Mac. I answer Yes but after few seconds appear that sign: "Impossibile installare il software perche' non e' attualmente disponibile dal server di aggiornamento software." The translation is: "Impossible to install that software because actually is not available in server for updating software". The meaning is "software actually not available in server " I did try again many times in 3 days and I did also try to change the pen drive, but the answer was alwais the same.Please help!
Flytaurus

Same problem...
Mac Book Pro 13'' Mid 2009, Mavericks, Windows 7
Igor

Boot Camp Assistant won't read my windows 7 professional installation dvd, HELP!!

Hi Guys,
For some reason Boot Camp Assistant won't read my Windows 7 Professional x64 Installation DVD? It appears in Finder, however there is only 1 readme.txt file on the disc in Finder. I had Boot Camp set up and working on my Macbook for almost a year but had to remove it and start again, so I can't understand why all of a sudden it can't seem to load any Windows DVD's? I even tried my Windows 7 Home Premium disc but again, the same message keeps popping up that I need to insert my installation disc and wait a few seconds for it to be recognised
Can someone pretty, pretty, possibly please help me out here in some way?

Hi Guys,
For some reason Boot Camp Assistant won't read my Windows 7 Professional x64 Installation DVD? It appears in Finder, however there is only 1 readme.txt file on the disc in Finder. I had Boot Camp set up and working on my Macbook for almost a year but had to remove it and start again, so I can't understand why all of a sudden it can't seem to load any Windows DVD's? I even tried my Windows 7 Home Premium disc but again, the same message keeps popping up that I need to insert my installation disc and wait a few seconds for it to be recognised
Can someone pretty, pretty, possibly please help me out here in some way?

Boot Camp Assistant Won't Work....

I've been wrestling with this for two days now (along with my very technically adept brother). I'll try to offer as much information as possilble. I've scoured this and other online forums without success. Here goes:
Early 2011 MBPro/ 7500rpm HItachi dry/ OS 10.8.3 / no updates in queue....recent clean install of OS at Apple store ~2 mo. ago (due to battery issue).
Placed BootCamp partition on mac ~6/ 2012....easy install and worked flawlessly. Used Amazon purchased legal copy of Windows 7 (64 bit OEM System Builder Pack, CD which included Service Pack #1; purchased sometime early 2011). Downloaded all required updates (then and with continued booting into Windows). Installed Stream/ Origin and 4 games (CoD, Portal etc.). Worked fine without a hitch. Two Mac side extensions added for use: Boot Champ for quick changing of OS and gfxCard Status (to control Mac OS side video card choice). NO PROBLEMS with extensive use!
This week: exchanged out Hitachi driive with Samsung SSD (512gb 840 PRO) after extensive online research (in particular MacOS Rumors which has long thread for this SSD. Note: Apple uses the Samsung 830 series SSD in rMBPs). Used CCC (CarbonCopyCloner). Single partition/ Mac OS Extended(Journaled).No problems with OS and SSD. Went to set up Boot Camp partition (note; NOT to reinstall windows; I just want the partition to WinClone my partition contents from the Hitachi over to the Samsung. Many on other sites using the same SSD have been able to do this....some have had issues akin to mine. Problem: BCA (Boot Camp Assistant) only offers two options: download Windows software (drivers etc.) or re-install Windows 7. I of course I only need the first. However, after (~20) trys the download still hangs (~half/way). When I quit and check the target USB: empty, not even fragments. Have tried with at least 6 USB (8gb) drives of 4 different manufactures....no change. Have reformated the USB drives (MS DOS/Fat32 ...all Disk Utiilty offers) no change. Was on phone with Apple Technical today, tried a few things but couldn't get the download to perform (removed all other USB devices from MBP/ tried using Ethernet to router etc. ..) They will get back to me tomorrow. NOTE: Apple Technical DOES offer BootCamp Support!
Have tried using my Win7 disk to make .dmg and converted it to .iso and place iso files on desktop and into destination USB drive: no luck
Tried to use my Hitachi as start-up disk then try to partition the SSD: no go
Tried to use my original OSX.6 disks.....won't take/ work on my MBP now (I think due to previous firmware updates).
Saw some tidbits online that since I had first used BCA that Apple had revised it and its options?
One thing that my brother and I noticed: when he tries to use BCA on his 2012 rMBPro (Samsung 830 SSD) he is offered a third ( the first ) option: ' Remove or resize (?) current partition'. May just be because he already has a partition and I don't.
I will post other 'tries' as I remember them or try them. I suspect that at the end of this road a 'clean sweep/swipe/re-format/ re-install' etc. may be the last attempt but I've seen enough of this issue on line that a simple process (if discovered) would come in handy: many of us often change out internal drives and will probably continue to have Boot Camp partitions ( also: my SSD was placed on the 6gb supported SATA as the original HD).
So: any ideas, suggestions or (online forums to check )etc. would be much appreciated .....and not just by me!
Sorry for the long post but wanted to give as much information on the first pass as possible.
Thanks.....

Follow up:
Used WinClone to make image of my Boot Camp partition form former internal HD (conneceted via USB /2.) Very slow/ but if you track with your cursor you can see slight change, took about 2-3- hrs. Note: told WinClone REPLACE BCD file ( 1 of 2 options given during image production(see notes at WinClone site).....
Previously, and now, did not use (from WinClone site; 'twocanoes') instructions to use ' Sysprep' program in windows prior to making my image (had been reading from a different instruciton set).....
Sequence:
1. PRAM reset (at least 3 consecutive times/new USB drive).
2, Created partition..Did NOT re-install Windows..When it asked( after it had NTFS prepared the Boot camp partition (?)..... I quit the applicatation and checked that the partition had been made (disk utility/ also...about this Mac...).
3. Used WinClone (2.4)...new USB drive...did not use Sysprep route (on 'twocanoes site' this is instructed); cloned from 'Boot camp' icon deposited on my desk top when I mounted my old HD using USB 2 .
4. Did not 'keep' Memory Caches' when offered prior to imagining ...
5. Saved boot camp image (image on new SSD drive from former HD drive via USB 2 (former drive showed
'MacHD (or whatever your name is for your drive ) as well a 'former' BootCamp drive Icon.
6.Took awhile....restored to new Boot Camp Partition via WinClone instrucitons.....
And: Worked. No Window Id or or authetication asked for ; Windows desk top looked identical as from previous HD; STEAM and ORIGIN immediately updated....chedkced into each for a game : all settings perfect....not asked to ID or change anything.....just faster!
Hope this helps someone.....!

Boot Camp Assistant won't work - keeps asking me to use Software Update.

I am trying to use Boot Camp to install Windows but my Boot Camp Assistant won't work - it keeps asking me to use Software Update. So, even though I know everything is up to date, I start Software Update and it confirms that indeed everything is up to date. I try Boot Camp Assistant again, but the same message appears. I search every possible Boot Camp upgrade to download from Apple but they are all .exe files and need Windows to run, so those don't seem to be what I need. So I am caught in a circle of nothing working. Figures - the ONE weekend I need to install Windows and use a Windows-based program!!! And of course Apple support is closed over the weekend - another great asset to spending thousands of dollars on a product. ANY SUGGESTIONS?

I too am having a similar problem. I am trying to install Windows in a newly created Boot Camp partition. I have Windows 7 but Boot Camp Assistant only mentions XP and Vista. I put in my installation disk of Windows 7 but it refuses to install it. My OS is fully up to date.

I made a mistake. i installed windows using boot camp without os x lion dvd. what should i do? help pls

i made a mistake. i installed windows using boot camp without os x lion dvd. what should i do? help pls
Re: can i install windows for pc on my mac or do i need the windows for mac?

There is no Lion DVD. Start Boot Camp Assistant and select the menu item to download the Windows Support Software.
Read and follow the Boot Camp Installation Guide. http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/boot_camp_install-setup_10.7.pdf

Boot Camp Assistant Won't Launch

I have not been able to get Boot Camp Assistant to launch. I double click on it but nothing happens. No error messages. Nothing.
Background: I just replaced the hard drive in my MacBook Pro Core Duo 2.4 GHz. Using the Restore Option of Disk Utility I copied a backup I had made of the full original Mac OS X partition from my old internal drive (I also had a Boot Camp Windows partition but that's another matter I think) to an external USB drive. Booting and operation from the new hard drive once restored seemed fine, but when I tried to launch Boot Camp Assistant to create a partition for Windows nothing happened. I restarted off my external USB backup drive and tried to launch Boot Camp Assistant from that drive, still nothing.
I then performed an Archive & Install of Tiger (I'd been running Leopard 10.5.8) and Boot Camp Assistant still wouldn't start. I'm currently updating Tiger to Leopard on my MacBook Pro but I'm not hopeful Boot Camp Assistant will launch after the update. Why would it? It didn't launch under Leopard after I restored it to the new hard drive. It wouldn't launch in Leopard when I started off my external drive. It wouldn't launch under Tiger after an Archive and Install. Obviously I've used Boot Camp Assistant before to create the Windows partition on my old drive so it would seem my firmware is current enough. I'm not getting any error messages to the contrary. I have no idea why Boot Camp Assistant will not launch.
I'm wondering if there may be something in one of the Previous Systems folders that is preventing Boot Camp Assistant from launching. The old hard drive was pretty messed up with hundreds of "Missing Folders" in the Rescued Items folder which I think was created by Disk Warrior.
Any ideas? Thanks.
Also, I'm wondering if there is any way to go back and use a Previous System. You see, I'm going to have to reinstall a lot of software if I can't do that. I'd rather avoid that hassle. Thanks again.

In addendum to my original post: If I open the Boot Camp Assistant package contents and drill down to the BootCamp Executable file and double click that, Terminal opens with the following message:
Last login: Fri Jun 3 10:34:18 on console
Macintosh:~ photoruss$ /Applications/Utilities/Boot\ Camp\ Assistant.app/Contents/MacOS/Boot\ Camp\ Assistant ; exit;
2011-06-03 10:36:25.865 Boot Camp Assistant[122:10b] No Info.plist file in application bundle or no NSPrincipalClass in the Info.plist file, exiting
logout
[Process completed]
If I do the same thin on my MacPro I get a different message and Boot Camp Assistant starts:
Last login: Fri May 27 10:17:08 on console
/Applications/Utilities/Boot\ Camp\ Assistant.app/Contents/MacOS/Boot\ Camp\ Assistant ; exit;
macpro:~ russgreene$ /Applications/Utilities/Boot\ Camp\ Assistant.app/Contents/MacOS/Boot\ Camp\ Assistant ; exit;
logout
[Process completed]
Does this help?

Boot Camp on Snow Leopard can't install Windows-Stuck on black BIOS screen

I'm running Snow Leopard 10.6.8 on an early 2008 Mac Pro (dual 3.2Ghz Harperton CPU's, 10gb RAM) with Boot Camp version 3.0.4 (all updated). I've successfully had a Boot Camp partition in the past, running WindowsXP32 Bit. I just purchased Windows7 Professional and can't install either the 32bit or 64 bit version. Neither can I install any of my original Windows disc. Boot Camp successfully creates the partion, then asks me to install the Windows install DVD/CD which I do, and then when it reboots, it gets stuck in a black BIOS screen that says "Initializing..."
I've tried all my Windows discs: WindowsXP-32bit, Vista-32Bit, Vista-64Bit, Windows7-32Bit, Windows7-64Bit. Same problem...gets hung on the black BIOS screen. I disconnected all my USB hardware except for my keyboard/mouse. All my other internal drives are disconnected.
The only thing that I can think of is that is different is my MacHD is a 500GB Seagate MomentusXT solid state hybrid drive.
Any help is greatly appreciated!!!!!!!
Thanks

Hi fellow Mac buddie,
I just zapped the PRAM, and also reset the SMC switch on the mother board.....no luck.
In refenece to the hybrid SSD drive, I've already taken that one out, put in a fresh 3.5" drive, formatted and installed a fresh clean version of Lion OS, and then attempted the Boot Camp install using Lion with the newest Boot Camp version (3.1 or 3.2) Please see my original post above.
Same issue, black BIOS screen.
Also tried Boot Camp Windows install on a second drive in drive bay 2 (an option now in Lion's Boot Camp)
same issue, black BIOS screen.
Lastly, I've tried all these interations using my three different Windows install disks (XP, Vista, Windows7).
XP is a "full install" disk, Vista and Windows7 are upgrade disks. But I've had XP installed previously using Boot Camp with no problem. So I'm confused I can't even install XP.
As another option, I went to a friend who has a PC, and I installed Windows 7 on a new hard drive. I'm about to install that in drive bay 2, reboot while holding down "option", and see if I can boot directly into that disk.
That's a workaround, as is VMWare Fusion which I have and Windows7 works fine as a virtual machine.
But when something doesn't work the way it's supposed to (in this case Boot Camp), it bugs me makes me want to know why it doesn't. I'll report back with regard to the 2nd bay Windows7 hard drive install.
SPY500

I bought windows 7 download online and started setting up boot camp but it says to insert the windows 7 disk so how do i do this?

i bought windows 7 download online and started setting up boot camp but it says to insert the windows 7 disk so how do i do this?
plz help me

Hi Jaimie,
To install Windows via Boot Camp you will need to have a copy of Windows on a physical dvd disc.
If your purchase provides you with an ".ISO" file then you can simply burn this to a DVD and then follow the standard Boot Camp installation instructions.
Boot Camp instructions: http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/boot_camp_install-setup_10.7.pdf
If you get stuck, just let me know the website you purchased Windows 7 from and I might be able to help you out.
Cheers

My Predicament In Regards to Boot Camp 2.1, can't update from version 2.0

Dear Experienced Boot Camp Users,
I am in the process of readying my Macbook Pro for the 32-Bit version of Windows Vista. Having read all of the documents provided by Apple, I feel fairly confident in my ability to perform this task. However, the 2.1 Boot Camp update won't "mesh" with my current 2.0 version. I've concluded that (perhaps) it is trying to open it with the wrong program and / or can only be updated once Vista is installed. You see, I've successfully downloaded the update, but when I proceed to click on it the Text Edit program expands the code, rather than installing the update. Any and all help in getting my Boot Camp version updated to 2.1 would be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely, Josh
P.S. I am running the most current version of Leopard, etc.

Hi and welcome to Discussions,
the BCUpdate file is a .exe file which you have to run while in Windows.
It is not meant to (and as you experienced will not) run while in OSX Leopard.
Copy the file to an USB-Memory Stick or burn it to a CD-RW for use when you have installed Windows and booted into it.
Regards
Stefan

HT1461 can i use boot camp if i no longer have my windows xp installation disc?

i have my old PC with XP Pro installed but it's been years since i purchased the computer and no longer have the installation disc. Can i still run boot camp without the disc?

Brad Spalding wrote:
i have my old PC with XP Pro installed but it's been years since i purchased the computer and no longer have the installation disc. Can i still run boot camp without the disc?
You mean, Can I still run boot camp without Windows? because that is what you will have, one empty boot camp partition. Buy a copy of Windows 7.

I have a MacBook 10.5.8 with Boot Camp. I can only operate the Windows side. When I move into MacOS it does not open.

I have a MacBook 10.5.8 with Boot Camp. I can only operate the Windows side. When I move into MacOS it does not open.

Your phrasing is not clear. How do you reboot into Mac OS? /can you describe the process step by step?
Usually, you should do like this:
- while in win, restart
- immediately after chime, press option or alt key
- wait for 2-3 seconds, you should see the boot options
- select Mac OS partition
If you have performed all these steps, and, after choosing Mac OS partition, you cannot boot into Mac OS, then your system is corrupt and should be reinstalled.

Should I Use Boot Camp or Parallels for use of a Windows Desktop?

I am migrating from a PC to a Mac; I want to take advantage of having a Windows desktop to run some apps until i buy Mac equivalent software;
I have Tiger, but am installing Leopard this weekend;
Should I Use Boot Camp or Parallels for use of a Windows Desktop?
I am tempted by not having to reboot, but i don't want my mac to slow down?
I am a photographer and use Photoshop and other graphics intensive programs.

Hi,
to achieve full computing power while in Windows you have to use BootCamp and for Photoshop and other apps of that caliber in Windows its the best.
For apps less demanding using Parallels (VMWare Fusion) is sufficient enough and the slight downgrade in speed is negligible.
You should however (if not already done) max out the RAM of your Mac.
Regards
Stefan

Boot camp lost after upgrading to Yosemite from mountain lion

I lost my windows7 boot camp after I upgrade to Yosemite from mountain lion. When I press ALT when rebooting there is no more alternative to boot for window anymore. I did read some thread about this but my case is different since when I tried to type 3 steps(diskutil.......etc) as LonerT user answers it did not work. The attached files here are what I faced with. Please help. I have a lot of important files in windows

If you look at the GAP between GPT3 and GPT4 it is start/size of 782929176/37595880 but the NTFS header starts at 782929920 according to your Testdisk output shown here.
MS Data                782929920 976773112 193843193
The difference is 782929920 - 782929176 = 744 bytes. You will need to delete the current GPT4 and recreate a new GPT4. Please stop if you see any error messages and post here.
1. Delete the old entry and create a new entry at GPT#4.
sudo gdisk /dev/disk0
p
d
4
n
4
782929920
976773112
0700
p
w
y
Here is an example of the delete/new...
Command (? for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 4
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (4-128, default 4): 4
First sector (34-1954210086, default = 1454210080) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 1454211072
Last sector (1454211072-1954210086, default = 1954210086) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 1954209791
Current type is 'Apple HFS/HFS+'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = AF00): 0700
Changed type of partition to 'Microsoft basic data'
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/disk0: 1954210120 sectors, 931.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 6ED0C429-00D1-4759-B50E-04B6FB80D0E3
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1954210086
Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1293 sectors (646.5 KiB)
Number Start (sector)    End (sector) Size       Code Name
   1              40          409639   200.0 MiB   EF00 EFI System Partition
   2          409640      1452940543   692.6 GiB   AF00 Customer
   3      1452940544      1454210079   619.9 MiB   AB00 Recovery HD
   4      1454211072      1954209791   238.4 GiB   0700 Microsoft basic data
2. This is a tedious process and you want to check after the second 'p'rint command that it looks reasonable, before the 'w'rite and 'y'es to confirm.
3. You will need to reboot after the change, because the disk you are booted from is the one being modified. Reboot will rebuild disk0s4 using the start/end you entered.
4. Run the dd command - sudo dd if=/dev/rdisk0s4 count=1 2>/dev/null | hexdump -C and check that the first line contains "R.NTFS".
5. Once you have a working GPT#4, a new hybrid MBR needs to be created which will overwrite what you see in your Fdisk output. This is also done using GPT Fdisk (Gdisk). Your numbers will look different than what are in the following example. In most cases, you will use the default except entry 4, which should have a 'y' for bootable flag.
sudo gdisk /dev/disk0
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Warning: Devices opened with shared lock will not have their
partition table automatically reloaded!
Partition table scan:
MBR: hybrid
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with hybrid MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/disk0: 490234752 sectors, 233.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 59BDFEEB-1EB4-4529-94FE-3CBC2C3CD513
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 490234718
Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2604 sectors (1.3 MiB)
Number Start (sector)    End (sector) Size       Code Name
   1              40          409639   200.0 MiB   EF00 EF
   2          409640       401060383   191.0 GiB   AF05 Macintosh HD
   3       401060384       402329919   619.9 MiB   AB00 Re
   4       402331648       490233848   41.9 GiB    0700 Microsoft basic data
Command (? for help): r
Recovery/transformation command (? for help): h
WARNING! Hybrid MBRs are flaky and dangerous! If you decide not to use one,
just hit the Enter key at the below prompt and your MBR partition table will
be untouched.
Type from one to three GPT partition numbers, separated by spaces, to be
added to the hybrid MBR, in sequence: 2 3 4
Place EFI GPT (0xEE) partition first in MBR (good for GRUB)? (Y/N): y
Creating entry for GPT partition #2 (MBR partition #2)
Enter an MBR hex code (default AF): AF
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): n
Creating entry for GPT partition #3 (MBR partition #3)
Enter an MBR hex code (default AB): AB
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): n
Creating entry for GPT partition #4 (MBR partition #4)
Enter an MBR hex code (default 07): 07
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): y
Recovery/transformation command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/disk0.
Warning: Devices opened with shared lock will not have their
partition table automatically reloaded!
Warning: The kernel may continue to use old or deleted partitions.
You should reboot or remove the drive.
The operation has completed successfully.
6. a. Test 1 - Can you see your Bootcamp volume in Finder.
    b. Test 2 - Can you files in the Bootcamp volume?
    c. Test 3 - Can you see Bootcamp in your System Preferences -> Startup Disk.
    d. Test 4 - If Test 1-3 are successful, select Bootcamp and click on Restart. You may need Windows startup repair, if you see a hanging underline cursor at the top left corner of your screen. In most cases, it is not required.
Here is an example...
Command (? for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 4
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (4-128, default 4): 4
First sector (34-1954210086, default = 1454210080) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 1454211072
Last sector (1454211072-1954210086, default = 1954210086) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 1954209791
Current type is 'Apple HFS/HFS+'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = AF00): 0700
Changed type of partition to 'Microsoft basic data'
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/disk0: 1954210120 sectors, 931.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 6ED0C429-00D1-4759-B50E-04B6FB80D0E3
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1954210086
Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1293 sectors (646.5 KiB)
Number Start (sector)    End (sector) Size       Code Name
   1              40          409639   200.0 MiB   EF00 EFI System Partition
   2          409640      1452940543   692.6 GiB   AF00 Customer
   3      1452940544      1454210079   619.9 MiB   AB00 Recovery HD
   4      1454211072      1954209791   238.4 GiB   0700 Microsoft basic data

I was partitioning my HD to allocate free space to give to my windows partition in Boot Camp. Now I cant access my windows partition at all. Please help.

I was partitioning my HD to allocate free space to give to my windows partition in Boot Camp. Now I cant access my windows partition at all. Please help

TTBOMK the only way you can increase the Windows partition is to repartition the drive back to a single partition
Then reinstall Mountain Lion
Restore all data from backup
Create new larger partition with Boot Camp
Install Windows
Restore data from backup
Allan

My boot camp 4 won't make dvd from windows 7 iso

Similar Messages

Maybe you are looking for