Need help in date to number conversion

Hi,
I have a doubt in a date conversion, please help me.
I executed the below query, its throwing "invalid number" error.
select * from test
where date_sid between to_number(to_char('01-05-2009','dd-mm-yyyy'),'yyyymmdd') and to_number(to_char('02-05-2009','dd-mm-yyyy'),'yyyymmdd')
date_sid column is number datatype.
In my above query i want to pass the date value like '12-05-2009'. If i check my table date_sid looks like yyyymmdd. So how to convert '12-05-2009' to 20090512 in my above query. Please help me.
Thanks.

Use to_date instead of your to_char, and to_char instead of your to_number.
That said, that's very very sad to work on date as number format.
Nicolas.

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         public static void main(String args[])
              Workshop5 f = new Workshop5();
              f.setTitle("Carol's Mortgage Calculator");
              f.setBounds(200,100,800,800);
              f.setResizable(false);
              f.setVisible(true);
         }//end of main method
         //exit method
         void Exit()
              System.exit(0);
         }//end of exit method
    }//program end
    My data file is called: "InterestData.dat" and only contains the following text:
    5.35, 5.5, 5.75

    Ok, now I am getting this error message:
    cannot resolve symbol method lenght()
    Please help me out here, this is due tomorrow and I've been killing myself on it...
    attaching program with revised code included, see beginning of calculation method line 250:
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.event.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.* ;
    import java.text.NumberFormat;
    import java.text.DecimalFormat;
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
    public class Workshop5 extends JFrame implements ActionListener
         //declare gui components
        //declare labels
        JPanel contentPane = new JPanel();
         JPanel graphPane = new JPanel();
         JLabel instructionLabel = new JLabel();
            JLabel amountLabel = new JLabel();
        JLabel orLabel = new JLabel();
        JLabel comboBoxLabel = new JLabel();
        JLabel termLabel = new JLabel();
        JLabel rateLabel = new JLabel();
        JLabel calcLabel = new JLabel();
        JLabel paymentLabel = new JLabel();
        JLabel tableLabel = new JLabel();
        //declare font object
        Font labelFont = new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 16);
        //declare text fields
        JTextField amountField = new JTextField(20);
        JTextField termField = new JTextField(20);
        JTextField rateField = new JTextField(20);
        JTextField paymentField= new JTextField(20);
        //declare combo box for loan selection
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
            //declare button group and radio buttons
            ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
            JRadioButton enterRadioButton = new JRadioButton("Enter amount, term, & rate", true);
            JRadioButton selectRadioButton = new JRadioButton("Select a preset term/rate loan", false);
        //declare button objects
        JButton clearButton = new JButton();
            JButton calcButton = new JButton();
            JButton quitButton = new JButton();
        //declare text area for amortization
        JTextArea amortTextArea = new JTextArea();
        JTextArea testTextArea = new JTextArea();
        //declare scroll bar for amortization table
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(amortTextArea, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS,ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);
         public Workshop5()
             instructionLabel.setText("Choose one of the following payment calculation options:");
            instructionLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma",Font.PLAIN,16));
            //adds both buttons to button group
            buttonGroup.add(enterRadioButton);
            buttonGroup.add (selectRadioButton);
            enterRadioButton.setFont(labelFont);
            enterRadioButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
            enterRadioButton.setContentAreaFilled(false);
            enterRadioButton.addActionListener(this); //adds action listener to enter radio button
            orLabel.setText("OR");
            orLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma",Font.BOLD,18));
            selectRadioButton.setFont(labelFont);
            selectRadioButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
            selectRadioButton.setContentAreaFilled(false);
            selectRadioButton.addActionListener (this); //adds action listener to select radio button
              amountLabel.setText("Enter mortgage amount");
            amountLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN,16));
            amountField.requestFocusInWindow();
            termLabel.setText("Enter term length in years:");
            termLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN,14));
            rateLabel.setText("Enter interest rate:");
            rateLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN,14));
            comboBoxLabel.setText("Select a loan:");
            comboBoxLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN,14));
            comboBox.setBackground(new Color(255,255,255));
            comboBox.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 14));
            comboBox.setEnabled(false);
            ComboBox();
            calcLabel.setText("Press Calculate button to determine monthly payment.");
            calcLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 16));
            calcButton.setText("Calculate");
            calcButton.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.BOLD, 14));
            calcButton.setBackground(new Color(202,255,112));
            calcButton.addActionListener(this);
            //define monthly payment label
            paymentLabel.setText("Monthly payment:");
            paymentLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 16));
            //define monthly payment text field
            paymentField.setFont (new Font("Tahoma", Font.BOLD,16));
            paymentField.setBackground(new Color(255,255,255));
            paymentField.setEditable(false);
              //define clear button
            clearButton.setText("Clear");
            clearButton.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.BOLD,14));
            clearButton.setBackground(new Color(202,255,112));
            clearButton.addActionListener(this);
            //define quit button
            quitButton.setText("Quit");
            quitButton.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.BOLD,14));
            quitButton.setBackground(new Color(202,255,112));
            quitButton.addActionListener(this);
              //define label for amortization table
            tableLabel.setText ("Amoritization Table");
              tableLabel.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.BOLD, 16));
            graphPane.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
            //add components to content
            getContentPane().add(contentPane);
            contentPane.setLayout(null);
              addComponent(contentPane, instructionLabel, 80,10,450,26);
            addComponent(contentPane, enterRadioButton, 30,40,220,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, orLabel, 280,40,100,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, selectRadioButton, 335,40,350,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, amountLabel, 100,80,220,26);
            addComponent(contentPane, amountField, 300,80,150,26);
            addComponent(contentPane, termLabel, 15,125,200,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, termField, 195,125,125,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, rateLabel, 62,160,200,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, rateField, 195,165,125,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, comboBoxLabel, 400,125,200,26);
            addComponent(contentPane, comboBox, 400,155,150,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, calcLabel, 100,200,400,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, calcButton, 250,240,100,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, paymentLabel, 150,285,200,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, paymentField, 300,285,100,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, clearButton, 100,330,100,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, quitButton, 400,330,100,30);
            addComponent(contentPane, tableLabel, 200,370,300,26);
            addComponent(contentPane, scrollPane, 10,400,450,360);
            addComponent(contentPane, graphPane, 475,400,305,360);
            //add window listener to close window when user presses X
            addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
                 public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
                      System.exit(0);
            pack();
           //method to add components
           private void addComponent(Container container, Component c, int x, int y, int width, int height)
                   c.setBounds(x, y, width, height);
                   container.add(c);
           //action performed method
           public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
                   Object source = event.getSource();
                   if (source == calcButton)
                           Calculate();
                   if (source == clearButton)
                           Clear();
                   if (source == quitButton)
                           Exit();
                   //defines active area based on user selection of mortgage calculation method
                   //if user chooses to enter the mortgage manually, combo box fields are inactive
                   if (source == enterRadioButton)
                           comboBox.setEnabled(false);
                           termField.setEnabled(true);
                   termField.setEditable(true);
                   rateField.setEnabled(true);
                   rateField.setEditable(true);
                   amountField.setText ("");
                           amountField.requestFocusInWindow();
                           termField.setText("");
                       rateField.setText("");
                       paymentField.setText ("");
                       amortTextArea.setText("");
                   //if user chooses to select from a preset mortgage, rate and term fields are inactive
                   if (source == selectRadioButton)
                           comboBox.setEnabled(true);
                           termField.setEnabled(false);
                           termField.setEditable(false);
                           rateField.setEnabled (false);
                           rateField.setEditable(false);
                           amountField.setText("");
                           amountField.requestFocusInWindow();
                           termField.setText ("");
                           rateField.setText("");
                           paymentField.setText("");
                           amortTextArea.setText("");
           }//end of action performed method
           //combo box method
            public void ComboBox()
                   String[] LoanArray = {" 7 years at 5.35 %", " 15 years at 5.50 %", " 30 years at 5.75 %"};
                   for (int i = 0; i < LoanArray.length; i++)
                           comboBox.addItem(LoanArray);
    }//end combo box method
    //calculation method
         void Calculate()
              //resets fields
              paymentField.setText("");
              amortTextArea.setText("");
              //calculation variables
              NumberFormat currency = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
              //declare input stream object
              InputStream istream;
              //create a file object to refer to the outside file
              File interestData = new File("InterestFile.dat");
              //assign instream to the new file object
              istream = new FileInputStream(interestData);
              try
                   StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
                   BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(interestData));
                   String line = "";
                   while((line = in.readLine()) != null)
                        sb.append(line);
                   in.close();
                   String fileData = sb.toString();
                   String[] splitData = fileData.split(", ");
                   double [] yearlyInterestArray = new double[splitData.length()];
                   for(int j = 0; j < splitData.length(); j++)
                        yearlyInterestArray[j] = new Double(splitData[j]).doubleValue();
              catch (IOException e)
                   JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "File does not exist." + e.getMessage());
              int [] termArray = {7, 15, 30}; //array of years
              double [] yearlyInterestArray = { 5.35, 5.5, 5.75}; //array of interest
              int totalMonths = 0; //total months
              double Loan = 0.0; //amount of loan
              double MonthlyInterest = 0.0; //monthly interest rate
              double Payment = 0.0; //calculate payment
    double monthlyPayment = 0.0; //calculate monthly payment
    double Interest = 0.0; //variable for Interest Array input
    int Term = 0; //variable for Term Array input
    double NewMonthlyInterest = 0.0; //new interest amount
    double NewLoan = 0.0; //new loan amount
    double Reduction = 0.0; //principle reduction
    //validate input
    try
         Loan = Double.parseDouble(amountField.getText());
    catch (NumberFormatException e)
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Invalid Entry. Please enter valid loan amount.", "Error", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
    //resets input fields after error message
    amountField.setText("");
    amountField.requestFocusInWindow ();
              //if select button is chosen
              if (selectRadioButton.isSelected())
                   int index = comboBox.getSelectedIndex ();
                   Term = termArray[index];
                   Interest = yearlyInterestArray[index];
              //if user chooses to enter mortgage information
              else
                   if (enterRadioButton.isSelected())
              //validates input
              try
                   Term = Integer.parseInt(termField.getText());
    catch (NumberFormatException e)
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Invalid entry. Please enter valid term length in years.", "Error",JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
         //clears fields after error message
         termField.setText("");
         termField.requestFocusInWindow();
    try
         Interest = Double.parseDouble(rateField.getText());
    catch (NumberFormatException e)
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Invalid entry. Please enter valid rate (without percent symbol).","Error",JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
         //clears fields after error message
         rateField.setText("");
         rateField.requestFocusInWindow();
              //perform calculations
              if (Loan > 0)
                   Loan = Double.parseDouble(amountField.getText ());
                   MonthlyInterest = (Interest / 12)/100;
                   totalMonths = Term * 12;
                   monthlyPayment = Loan * MonthlyInterest *(Math.pow ((1 + MonthlyInterest), totalMonths)/(Math.pow((1 + MonthlyInterest), totalMonths)-1));
    paymentField.setText("" + currency.format(monthlyPayment));
    //send information to amortization text area
    amortTextArea.append("Number\t");
    amortTextArea.append(" Amount\t");
    amortTextArea.append("Interest\t");
    amortTextArea.append("Principle\t");
    amortTextArea.append("Balance\n");
                   NewLoan = Loan;
                   for (int i = 1; i <= totalMonths; i++)
         NewMonthlyInterest = MonthlyInterest * NewLoan;
         Reduction = monthlyPayment - NewMonthlyInterest;
         NewLoan = NewLoan - Reduction;
         amortTextArea.append(" " + i +"\t");
         amortTextArea.append (" " + currency.format(monthlyPayment) + "\t");
         amortTextArea.append(" " + currency.format(NewMonthlyInterest)+ "\t");
         amortTextArea.append(" " + currency.format(Reduction) + "\t");
         amortTextArea.append(" " + currency.format(NewLoan) + "\n");
    //resets fields if loan amount is less than zero
    if((Loan <= 0 || Term <= 0 || Interest <= 0))
         paymentField.setText("");
         amortTextArea.setText("");
         }//end calcualtion method
    //clear method
    void Clear()
    amountField.setText("");
    amountField.requestFocusInWindow();
    termField.setText("");
    rateField.setText("");
    paymentField.setText("");
    amortTextArea.setText("");
    }//end of clear method
    //main method
    public static void main(String args[])
    Workshop5 f = new Workshop5();
    f.setTitle("Carol's Mortgage Calculator");
    f.setBounds(200,100,800,800);
    f.setResizable(false);
    f.setVisible(true);
    }//end of main method
    //exit method
    void Exit()
    System.exit(0);
    }//end of exit method
    }//program end

  • Need help correcting message error number

    Hello, i need help correcting message number for running archiving test runs.
    05.08.2011 08:31:42 Message number 999999 reached. Log is full                                BL           252          E
    05.08.2011 08:31:42 Job cancelled after system exception ERROR_MESSAGE                        00           564          A
    Any help wopuld be appreciated.
    Regards.

    Summary
    Symptom
    One or several database tables of the application log contain too many entries.
    The following database tables belong to the application log:
    - BALHDR (all releases)
    - BALHDRP(< 4.6C)
    - BALM   (< 4.6C)
    - BALMP  (< 4.6C)
    - BALC   (< 4.6C)
    - BALDAT  (>= 4.6C)
    - BAL_INDX (all releases)
    Other terms
    RSSLG200,
    RSSLGK90,
    SLG2,
    application log,
    log
    delete,
    performance
    Reason and Prerequisites
    The application log is a tool to collect, save and display logs.
    Many different applications collect messages in the application log which contain information or messages for the end user. The application automatically log serves as a temporary storage for messages. The logs are written on the database but they are not automatically deleted.
    There is no general procedure for switching the application log on or off. Some applications provide this option or they offer the option of reducing the number of entries created. (See Notes 91519, 183960, 141244).
    The expiration date of application logs
    A log usually has an expiration date, which is set by the application, that calls the 'Application log' tool. If the application log does not set an expiration date, the 'Application log' tool sets the expiration date as 12/31/2098 or 12/31/9999,depending on the release, which allows the logs to stay in the system for as long as possible. The end user cannot set the expiration date. The expiration date does not mean that logs which have reached that date will automatically be deleted. It is used to control the deletion of logs when you call the Deletion report. The DEL_BEFORE flag in the BALHDR table determines whether or not the log can be deleted even before the expiration date is reached.
    DEL_BEFORE= SPACE means that the log can be deleted before the expiration date is reached. (Default value)
    DEL_BEFORE='X' means that the log can only be deleted after the expiration date.
    Solution
    Deleting the logs of the application log.
    Releases >= 4.6A:
    =====================================================================
    In Releases >= 4.6A, use Transaction SLG2.
    On the selection screen you can restrict the amount of logs to be deleted:
    The 'Object' and 'Subobject' fields specify the application area in which the logs were written (see F4 Help).
    The 'External Identification' field specifies the number which was          provided for this log by the application.
    o  If you also want to delete logs which have not reached the expiration date you must set the option "Also logs which can be deleted before the expiration date".
    Select 'Help with application' in Transaction SLG2 for further explanation of the procedure for deleting.
    SLG2 is a report transaction. The corresponding report is SBAL_DELETE. At regular intervals, this can be scheduled as a background job.
    Releases < 4.6A:
    =====================================================================
    For Releases < 4.6A, note the following instructions:
    In general, the deletion of application logs can be carried out in two steps:
    1. Report RSSLG200: Deletion of all logs which expired:
    Use report RSSLG200 to delete all logs whose expiration date is reached or exceeded. (This report is not yet available in the standard in Release 3.0F. In this case, the report can be installed in advance; see corrections attached to this note).
    As of Release 3.1H, Report RSSLG210 is also available. This report allows the definition of a job that runs regularly and deletes such logs.
    2. Report RSSLGK90: Deleting all logs for which a deletion is allowed before expiration:
    Sometimes, step 1 does not delete enough logs. The reason for this might be that the expiration date of the logs is too far in the future or that no expiration date has been defined at all (in this case, depending
    on the release, the assumed expiration date is 12/31/2098 or 12/31/9999)
    Use report RSSLGK90 for these logs.
    When you execute this report, you can restrict the logs to be deleted in a selection screen:
    The fields 'Object' and 'Subobject' specify the application area which wrote the logs (see F4 help).
    The field 'External number' indicates the number which was assigned by the application for this log.
    Field 'Log class' indicates the importance of the log.
    NOTE: By default, this field contains the value '4', this means only logs with additional information. If you want to delete all logs, enter the value '1' in this field. All logs with log class '1' or higher will then be deleted.
    The fields 'To date' and 'Until time' refer to the creation date of a log.
    If you enter 12/31/1998 and 23:59:59, you get all logs created in and before 1998
    NOTES:
    Client-dependency:
    Note that the application log tables are client-dependent. Therefore, you must delete data in each client.
    Which applications create entires in the application log:
    To determine which applications create the logs, look in Table BALHDR to see which objects the logs were created for ( Transaction SE16, Table BALHDR, Field OBJECT). You can find the text description for the object in Table BALOBJT. The application is usually derived from the name and text of the object. The log is displayed in Transaction SL61. The display is restricted to certain objects, among other things.
    Database error:
    If very many data exists on the DB, Report RSSLGK90 might cause problems. In this case, implement Note 138715.
    In very rare cases a dump is created even after Note 138715 was implemented:
        ABAP/4 runtime error  DBIF_RSQL_SQL_ERROR
        SQL error 1555 occurred accessing table "BALHDR "
        Database error text...: "ORA-01555: snapshot too old
    If you cannot correct the error by means of database utilities, Note 368700 provides a way to bypass this error.
    Report RSSLG200 can also run into problems. In this case, use the correction for Report RSSLG200 attached to this Note.
    Expiration date in Report RSSLGK90:
    There are logs on the database which may only be deleted explicitly after the expiration date (flag DEL_BEFORE = 'X' in table BALHDR). These logs are not deleted in advance by report RSSLGK90. Since, however, this flag is used very rarely, you can ignore this data.
    Restriction of the quantity of log data by the application:
    To avoid large quantities of logs from different applications, also refer to the following notes:
    - 91519
    - 183960
    - 141244
    Archiving logs:
    As of Release 6.20, it has been possible to archive logs.
    The logs are archived via archiving object BC_SBAL.
    The archiving programs are started via Transaction SARA (archive administration).
    Via Support Packages, the archiving of application logs has been made available for Releases 4.6C (SAPKB46C27), 4.6D (SAPKB46D17), and 6.10 (SAPKB61011) as well.
    Header Data
    Release Status: Released for Customer
    Released on: 04.08.2005  13:55:45
    Master Language: German
    Priority: Recommendations/additional info
    Category: Consulting
    Primary Component: BC-SRV-BAL Basis Application Log
    Affected Releases
    Software
    Component Release From
    Release To
    Release And
    subsequent
    SAP_APPL 30 30F 31I  
    SAP_APPL 40 40A 40B  
    SAP_APPL 45 45A 45B  
    SAP_BASIS 46 46A 46D X
    SAP_BASIS 60 610 640 X
    Corrections Instructions
    Correction
    Instruction Valid
    from Valid
    to Software
    Component Last
    Modifcation
    158903 30F 30F SAP_APPL 16.05.2000  07:13:08
    162069 31H 45B SAP_APPL 16.05.2000  07:16:07
    Related Notes
    1009281 - LAW: Runtime error CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_TYPE
    856006 - Mass processing saves unnecessary logs
    737696 - Add. info on upgrade to SAP R/3 Enterprise 4.70 Ext. 2 SR1
    706478 - Preventing Basis tables from increasing considerably
    637683 - Add info about upgrade to SAP R/3 Enterprise Core 4.70 Ext 2
    587896 - Add. info on upgrade to SAP R/3 Enterprise Core 4.70 SR1
    540019 - Report RJBTPRLO does not work correctly
    400687 - Delete application log: DBIF_RSQL_INVALID_CURSOR
    390062 - Additional information about upgrading to 4.6C SR2
    370601 - Composite SAP note: APO 3.0 and 3.1 performance
    365602 - M/AM: Sales agent determination log - perf.
    327285 - Additions to upgrade to 4.6C SR1
    183960 - ALE: Deactivating application logs for data transfers
    141244 - Deactivating the application log during data transfer
    138715 - RSSLGK90: Too many lock entries in the database
    118314 - Installing the interface to a separate EH&S
    91519 - Deleting logs of the application log
    Print Selected Notes (PDF) 
    Attributes
    Attribute Value
    Transaction codes BALC
    Transaction codes BALM
    Transaction codes CLEAR
    Transaction codes HIER
    Transaction codes SARA
    Transaction codes

  • Need help with date range searches for Table Sources in SES

    Hi all,
    I need help, please. I am trying to satisfy a Level 1 client requirement for the ability to search for records in crawled table sources by a date and/or date range. I have performed the following steps, and did not get accurate results from Advanced searching for date. Please help me understand what I am doing wrong, and/or if there is a way to define a date search attribute without creating a LOV for a date column. (My tables have 500,00 rows.)
    I am using SES 10.1.8.3 on Windows 32.
    My Oracle 10g Spatial Table is called REPORTS and this table has the following columns:
    TRACKNUM Varchar2
    TITLE Varchar2
    SUMMARY CLOB
    SYMBOLCODE Varchar2
    Timestamp Date
    OBSDATE Date
    GEOM SDO_GEOMETRY
    I set up the REPORTS table source in SES, using TRACKNUM as the Primary Key (unique and not null), and SUMMARY as the CONTENT Column. In the Table Column Mappings I defined TITLE as String and TITLE.
    Under Global Settings > Search Attributes I defined a new Search Attribute (type Date) called DATE OCCURRED (DD-MON-YY).
    Went back to REPORTS source previously defined and added a new Table Column Mapping - mapping OBSDATE to the newly defined DATE OCCURRED (DD-MON-YY) search attribute.
    I then modified the Schedule for the REPORTS source Crawler Policy to “Process All Documents”.
    Schedule crawls and indexes entire REPORTS table.
    In SES Advanced Search page, I enter my search keyword, select Specific Source Group as REPORTS, select All Match, and used the pick list to select the DATE OCCURRED (DD-MON-YY) Attribute Name, operator of Greater than equal, and entered the Value 01-JAN-07. Then the second attribute name of DATE_OCCURRED (DD-MON-YY), less than equals, 10-JAN-07.
    Search results gave me 38,000 documents, and the first 25 I looked at had dates NOT within the 01-JAN-07 / 10-JAN-07 range. (e.g. OBSDATE= 10-MAR-07, 22-SEP-07, 02-FEB-08, etc.)
    And, none of the results I opened had ANY dates within the SUMMARY CLOB…in case that’s what was being found in the search.
    Can someone help me figure out how to allow my client to search for specific dated records in a db table using a single column for the date? This is a major requirement and they are anxiously awaiting my solution.
    Thanks very much, in advance….

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