Need help using terminal to back up failed HDD

The stock HDD on my MacBook has developed S.M.A.R.T. errors and is on its way out. I need to get all of my pictures and documents backed up before everything gets completely lost. I was finally able to get the thing fired up, and everything seems to somewhat work, except for Finder. I opened up terminal and attempted copying folders to my external HDD (1 TB Western Digital MyBook) but i can't seem to get it to work.
I'm not sure if it is best to copy just the files I need (such as the.whole Documents and Pictures folders), or to do a complete backup. What would be the best solution for when I install the new HDD and reload everything?
Can anyone provide me with any advice or the line(s) of code that ill need to get this done, starting from when i open Terminal?
Much appreciated!!!

Melvin Richards wrote:
All of the files seem like they're in tact and accessable, I just can't use Finder to access them.
Create a external bootable drive.
Create a data recovery/undelete external boot drive

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