Nested aggregation and additional sql in query
Hi experts,
I need to create a measure in the rpd that will look like:
measure 1 = SUM(count distinct (ID)) over(order by T11687.MON_CODE asc rows unbounded preceding)
Is it possible to have a nested aggregation and the over (...) in the query that willl be generated?
NB: I can't use the evaluate function
because measure 1 will be just a factor in a complex calculation where other measures are derived from different tables.
Regards
In doesn't work that way.
this query is a bit "stupid", but try this
select * from topping where topping_id = 1
union all
select * from topping where topping_id = 1
union all
select * from topping where topping_id = 1Or better yet, let it return once, and then do
var = rs.getString(1);
var2 = var;
var3 = var;
Similar Messages
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How to select data from one nested table and into another nested table
create or replace
TYPE ctxt_code_rec as object
ctxt_header varchar2(10),
header_description varchar2(300),
status varchar2(30),
adjacent_code varchar2(300),
adjacent_desc Varchar2(400),
adjacent_flag varchar2(4000),
adjacent_text_href varchar2(4000)
create or replace
type ctxt_code_table as table of CTXT_CODE_REC
d_table ctxt_code_table ;
v_tab ctxt_code_table ;
Iam trying to select data from d_table to v_tab
using and bulk collect into
select m.*
bulk collect into p_code_result
from table(l_loop_diag_code_table1)m
order by 1;
Receiving error:
ora 94007 : not enoughvalues
Could you please let me know how to solve it?
Thanks,
in advance>
create or replace
TYPE ctxt_code_rec as object
ctxt_header varchar2(10),
header_description varchar2(300),
status varchar2(30),
adjacent_code varchar2(300),
adjacent_desc Varchar2(400),
adjacent_flag varchar2(4000),
adjacent_text_href varchar2(4000)
create or replace
type ctxt_code_table as table of CTXT_CODE_REC
d_table ctxt_code_table ;
v_tab ctxt_code_table ;
Iam trying to select data from d_table to v_tab
using and bulk collect into
select m.*
bulk collect into p_code_result
from table(l_loop_diag_code_table1)m
order by 1;
Receiving error:
ora 94007 : not enoughvalues
Could you please let me know how to solve it?
>
Not unless you provide the code you are actually using.
There is no definition of 'p_code_result' in your post and you say you 'trying to select data from d_table' but there is no code that loads 'd_table' in what you posted.
And the SELECT query you posted actuall selects from an object named 'l_loop_idag_code_table1' which isn't mentioned in your code.
Post the actual code you are using and all of the structures being used.
Also explain why you even need to use nested tables and PL/SQL for whatever it is you are really doing. -
Query Engine report error with Crystal Report 9 And MS SQL SErver 2000
Hi,
Currently I m doing a report with Crystal Report 9 and MS SQL as back End.I used a stored procedure to fetch data from DB.The Stored procedure works properly with query analyzer . But when I take report through application
"Table Not Found" Error is coming.Later I Found that In stored procedure for certain conditions only this error comes.But I cant resolve it.
Can any One check any pblm with this query
ELSE IF ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 10 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 11 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 12 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 13 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 14
BEGIN
IF ISNULL(@intSchemeID,0) <> 0
BEGIN
Select* From table
END
ELSE IF ISNULL(@intSchemeID,0) = 0
BEGIN
Select
END
END
When I comment the above codes , report works fine....
Can any one help me....plz....I m in such a critical situation...Hi,
Currently I m doing a report with Crystal Report 9 and MS SQL as back End.I used a stored procedure to fetch data from DB.The Stored procedure works properly with query analyzer . But when I take report through application
"Table Not Found" Error is coming.Later I Found that In stored procedure for certain conditions only this error comes.But I cant resolve it.
Can any One check any pblm with this query
ELSE IF ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 10 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 11 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 12 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 13 Or ISNULL(@intSourceID,0) = 14
BEGIN
IF ISNULL(@intSchemeID,0) <> 0
BEGIN
Select* From table
END
ELSE IF ISNULL(@intSchemeID,0) = 0
BEGIN
Select
END
END
When I comment the above codes , report works fine....
Can any one help me....plz....I m in such a critical situation...
Refer the above statement highlighted in BOLD. That statement is WRONG. Select what ???? Try any one of the below statement,
select ''
--or
select 0
--or
select null
Regards, RSingh -
Declare, Set, and Use a variable in a SQL Developer Query
I come from the SQL Server world and am trying to do something very simple: Declare, set, and use a variable in a query. For example:
Declare @lastPeriod date;
Set @lastPeriod = (select max(payperiod) from table 1 where payperiod < current_date);
Select field 1,
Field2
From table2
Where payperiod = @lastPeriod
The variable is going to be used in more areas in the query which is why I am simply not using a Sub-query in the where clause. I appreciate any assistance.This forum is for issues with the SQL Developer tool. You'd get more response in the SQL And PL/SQL forum.
That said, read up on bind variables and substitution variables.
Whenever you can you should use Bind variables (e.g. *:lastPeriod* ), as they increase performance. In sqldev, there's no need to declare as you will be prompted to enter them on execution (F9), but you do if you execute as script (F5) (e.g. VARIABLE lastPeriod VARCHAR2(30);).
Alternatively, Substitution variables (e.g. *&lastPeriod* ) will literally be substituted in your statement before the database parses it. In sqldev, there's no need to declare as you will be prompted to enter them on execution (either F9 or F5), but you can (DEF lastPeriod='TEST'; ).
Have fun,
K. -
Loop through nested elements and insert via PL/SQL
INSERT INTO Orders(id, OrderXML) VALUES
(S_Orders.Nextval,
'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Order xmlns="urn:foo" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:foo foo-1.xsd">
<OrderRef>BBB</OrderRef>
<OrderDate>2005-03-29</OrderDate>
<CustomerID>1051</CustomerID>
<Items>
<Item>
<ProductID>7</ProductID>
<Price>45.6</Price>
<Quantity>2</Quantity>
</Item>
<Item>
<ProductID>19</ProductID>
<Price>73.5</Price>
<Quantity>10</Quantity>
</Item>
</Items>
</Order>'
I some questions regarding index search of nested elements like,Items in the above example.
I would like to know how I can LOOP through the Items like 1..2 LOOP
and insert those elements(item) into one table. Order information should go in to another table.
Can this be done with xpath and PL/SQL.
Regards
UlfHi Marco!
Here's some more information:
CREATE TABLE ITEM (ProductID NUMBER,
Price NUMBER(8,2)
Quantity 10 NUMBER);
CREATE TABLE ORDER (OrderRef VARCHAR2(10),
ORDER_DATE VARCHAR2(10),
CUSTOMERID NUMBER);
The main problem that I have is to create an solution that can be dynamic so that I can have for instance one order and four items in one XML.
The second XML can have one order and 10 items.
First I want to insert the order elements in the order table and then the items records in the item table.
To complicate things futher my real XML have namespaces in the XML, but this I think I can handle.
Summary: So for each order row(element) I want to traverse the Item elements and insert them to the Item table.
Regards
/Ulf -
Difference between Static SQL Query and Dynamic SQL Query.
Hi,
Please explain the basic difference between static and dynamic sql queries. Please explain with example.Static: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e10472/static.htm
Dynamic: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e10472/dynamic.htm -
SQL Loader, nested tables and default values
Is there a way to specify a default value for a nested table entry when SQL*Loader encounters a 'null' value?
I want to avoid this:
Record 5: Rejected - Error on table LEVEL_DESC, column LEVELS.
NULL nested table element is not allowedUse the NULLIF parameter in your control file for the nested table objects.
e.g
LOAD DATA
INFILE 'level_data.dat'
INTO TABLE LEVEL
(LEVEL_ID POSITION (01:05) CHAR
LEVEL_NAME POSITION (07:20)
LEVEL_DESC COLUMN OBJECT
(LEVELS POSITION (22:25) CHAR NULLIF LEVEL_DESC.LEVELS=BLNAKS,
... )) -
Oracle SQL Select query takes long time than expected.
Hi,
I am facing a problem in SQL select query statement. There is a long time taken in select query from the Database.
The query is as follows.
select /*+rule */ f1.id,f1.fdn,p1.attr_name,p1.attr_value from fdnmappingtable f1,parametertable p1 where p1.id = f1.id and ((f1.object_type ='ne_sub_type.780' )) and ( (f1.id in(select id from fdnmappingtable where fdn like '0=#1#/14=#S0058-3#/17=#S0058-3#/18=#1#/780=#5#%')))order by f1.id asc
This query is taking more than 4 seconds to get the results in a system where the DB is running for more than 1 month.
The same query is taking very few milliseconds (50-100ms) in a system where the DB is freshly installed and the data in the tables are same in both the systems.
Kindly advice what is going wrong??
Regards,
PurushothamSQL> @/alcatel/omc1/data/query.sql
2 ;
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
Plan hash value: 3745571015
| Id | Operation | Name |
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | |
| 1 | SORT ORDER BY | |
| 2 | NESTED LOOPS | |
| 3 | NESTED LOOPS | |
| 4 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | PARAMETERTABLE |
|* 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| FDNMAPPINGTABLE |
|* 6 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PRIMARY_KY_FDNMAPPINGTABLE |
|* 7 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | FDNMAPPINGTABLE |
|* 8 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PRIMARY_KY_FDNMAPPINGTABLE |
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
5 - filter("F1"."OBJECT_TYPE"='ne_sub_type.780')
6 - access("P1"."ID"="F1"."ID")
7 - filter("FDN" LIKE '0=#1#/14=#S0058-3#/17=#S0058-3#/18=#1#/780=#5#
8 - access("F1"."ID"="ID")
Note
- rule based optimizer used (consider using cbo)
Statistics
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
0 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
0 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
0 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
9 rows processed
SQL> -
Reg: SQL select Query in BPEL process flow
<p>
Hi,
I am suppose to execute a SQL select query (in BPEL Process flow) as mention below in JDeveloper using Database adapter.
</p>
<p>
SELECT LENGTH, WIDTH, HEIGHT, WEIGHT,
</p>
<p>
LENGTH*WIDTH* HEIGHT AS ITEM_CUBE
</p>
<p>
FROM CUBE
</p>
<p>
WHERE ITEM= <xyz>
</p>
<p>
AND OBJECT= (SELECT CASE_NAME FROM CUBE_SUPPLIER WHERE ITEM=<xyz> AND SUPP_IND = ‘Y')
<strong>Now my question is:
1.</strong> What does this "*" refer to in the query and how can I retrieve the value of LENGTH*WIDTH* HEIGHT from the query where LENGTH,WIDTH and HEIGHT are the individual field in the table.
2.What does this " AS" refer to? If " ITEM_CUBE " is the alies for the table name "ITEM" to retrieve the value, then query shoud be evaluated as
</p>
<p>
SELECT LENGTH, WIDTH, HEIGHT, WEIGHT,
</p>
<p>
LENGTH*WIDTH* HEIGHT AS ITEM_CUBE
</p>
<p>
FROM CUBE
</p>
<p>
WHERE <strong>ITEM_CUBE.ITEM</strong>= <xyz>
</p>
<p>
AND <strong>ITEM_CUBE.OBJECT</strong>= (SELECT CASE_NAME FROM CUBE_SUPPLIER WHERE ITEM=<xyz> AND SUPP_IND = ‘Y')
Is my assumption correct?
Please suggest asap.
Thanks...
</p>
<p>
</p>Hi
Thank for your reply!
I have a nested select query which performs on two different table as shown below:
<p>
SELECT LENGTH, WIDTH, HEIGHT, WEIGHT,
</p>
<p>
LENGTH*WIDTH* HEIGHT AS ITEM_CUBE
</p>
<p>
FROM CUBE
</p>
<p>
WHERE ITEM= <abc>
</p>
<p>
AND OBJECT= (SELECT NAME FROM SUPPLIER WHERE ITEM=<Item> AND SUPP_IND = ‘Y')
I am using DB adapter of Oracle JDeveloper in BPEL process flow, where I can able to select only one master table in DB adapter say SUPPLIER and its attributes at a time.But as per my requirment I need to select both the table (CUBE and SUPPLIER) in a single adapter to execute my query.
It can be achievable by using two DB adapter , One to execute the nested query and another to execute the main qyery considering value of nested query as a parameter.But I want to achieve it by using a single one.
Am I correct with my concept?
Please suggest how to get it ?
</p>
Edited by: user10259700 on Oct 23, 2008 12:17 AM -
Nested Tables and Full Table Scans
Hello,
I am hoping someone help can help me as I am truly scratching my head.
I have recently been introduced to nested tables due to the fact that we have a poor running query in production. What I have discovered is that when a table is created with a column that is a nested table a unique index is automatically created on that column.
When I do an explain plan on this table A it states that a full scan is being doine on Table A and on the nested table B. I can add an index to the offending columns to remove the full scan on Table A but the explain plan still identifies that a full scan is being done on the nested table B. Bare in mind that the column with the nested table has a cardinality of 27.
What can I do? As I stated, there is an index on this nested table column but clearly it is being ignored.The query bombed out after 4 hours and when I ran a query to see what the record count was it was only 2046.
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Edited by: user11887286 on Sep 10, 2009 1:05 PMHi and welcome to the forum.
Since your question is in fact a tuning request, you need to provide us some more insights.
See:
[How to post a SQL statement tuning request|http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=863295&tstart=0]
and also
[When your query takes too long|http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=501834]
In short:
- database version
- the actual queries you're executing
- the execution plans (explain plans)
- trace/tkprof output if available, or ask your DBA for it
- utopiamode a small but concisive testcase would be ideal (create table + insert statements). +/utopiamode+ -
Oracle SQL and PL/SQL interview questions.
Can anyone forward me all Oracle SQL and PL/SQL Interview questions and answers asap.
Many Thanks.
BbaDear Pal
I not sure all the all answers are correct. I got one mail couple yrs back. I am just sharing mail contents. Kindly keep question and compare answers.
1 Which is more faster - IN or EXISTS?
EXISTS is more faster than IN because EXISTS returns a Boolean value whereas IN returns a value.
2 Which datatype is used for storing graphics and images?
LONG RAW data type is used for storing BLOB's (binary large objects).
3 When do you use WHERE clause and when do you use HAVING clause?
HAVING clause is used when you want to specify a condition for a group function and it is written after GROUP BY clause. The WHERE clause is used when you want to specify a condition for columns, single row functions except group functions and it is written before GROUP BY clause if it is used.
4 What WHERE CURRENT OF clause does in a cursor?
LOOPSELECT num_credits INTO v_numcredits FROM classesWHERE dept=123 and course=101;UPDATE studentsSET current_credits=current_credits+v_numcreditsWHERE CURRENT OF X;END LOOPCOMMIT;END;
5 What should be the return type for a cursor variable.Can we use a scalar data type as return type?
The return type for a cursor must be a record type.It can be declared explicitly as a user-defined or %ROWTYPE can be used. eg TYPE t_studentsref IS REF CURSOR RETURN students%ROWTYPE
6 What is use of a cursor variable? How it is defined?
A cursor variable is associated with different statements at run time, which can hold different values at run time. Static cursors can only be associated with one run time query. A cursor variable is reference type (like a pointer in C).Declaring a cursor variable:TYPE type_name IS REF CURSOR RETURN return_type type_name is the name of the reference type,return_type is a record type indicating the types of the select list that will eventually be returned by the cursor variable.
7 What is the purpose of a cluster?
Oracle does not allow a user to specifically locate tables, since that is a part of the function of the RDBMS. However, for the purpose of increasing performance, oracle allows a developer to create a CLUSTER. A CLUSTER provides a means for storing data from different tables together for faster retrieval than if the table placement were left to the RDBMS.
8 What is the maximum buffer size that can be specified using the DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE function?
1,000,00
9 What is syntax for dropping a procedure and a function .Are these operations possible?
Drop Procedure procedure_nameDrop Function function_name
10 What is OCI. What are its uses?
Oracle Call Interface is a method of accesing database from a 3GL program. Uses--No precompiler is required,PL/SQL blocks are executed like other DML statements. The OCI library provides· -functions to parse SQL statemets· -bind input variables· -bind output variables· -execute statements· -fetch the results
11 What is difference between UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints?
A table can have only one PRIMARY KEY whereas there can be any number of UNIQUE keys. The columns that compose PK are automatically define NOT NULL, whereas a column that compose a UNIQUE is not automatically defined to be mandatory must also specify the column is NOT NULL.
12 What is difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?
SUBSTR returns a specified portion of a string eg SUBSTR('BCDEF',4) output BCDEINSTR provides character position in which a pattern is found in a string. eg INSTR('ABC-DC-F','-',2) output 7 (2nd occurence of '-')
13 What is difference between SQL and SQL*PLUS?
SQL*PLUS is a command line tool where as SQL and PL/SQL language interface and reporting tool. Its a command line tool that allows user to type SQL commands to be executed directly against an Oracle database. SQL is a language used to query the relational database(DML,DCL,DDL). SQL*PLUS commands are used to format query result, Set options, Edit SQL commands and PL/SQL.
14 What is difference between Rename and Alias?
Rename is a permanent name given to a table or column whereas Alias is a temporary name given to a table or column which do not exist once the SQL statement is executed.
15 What is difference between a formal and an actual parameter?
The variables declared in the procedure and which are passed, as arguments are called actual, the parameters in the procedure declaration. Actual parameters contain the values that are passed to a procedure and receive results. Formal parameters are the placeholders for the values of actual parameters
16 What is an UTL_FILE.What are different procedures and functions associated with it?
UTL_FILE is a package that adds the ability to read and write to operating system files. Procedures associated with it are FCLOSE, FCLOSE_ALL and 5 procedures to output data to a file PUT, PUT_LINE, NEW_LINE, PUTF, FFLUSH.PUT, FFLUSH.PUT_LINE,FFLUSH.NEW_LINE. Functions associated with it are FOPEN, ISOPEN.
17 What is a view ?
A view is stored procedure based on one or more tables, its a virtual table.
18 What is a pseudo column. Give some examples?
It is a column that is not an actual column in the table.eg USER, UID, SYSDATE, ROWNUM, ROWID, NULL, AND LEVEL.
19 What is a OUTER JOIN?
Outer Join--Its a join condition used where you can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they dont satisfy the join condition.
20 What is a cursor?
Oracle uses work area to execute SQL statements and store processing information PL/SQL construct called a cursor lets you name a work area and access its stored information A cursor is a mechanism used to fetch more than one row in a Pl/SQl block.
21 What is a cursor for loop?
Cursor For Loop is a loop where oracle implicitly declares a loop variable, the loop index that of the same record type as the cursor's record.
22 What are various privileges that a user can grant to another user?
· SELECT· CONNECT· RESOURCES
23 What are various constraints used in SQL?
· NULL· NOT NULL· CHECK· DEFAULT
24 What are ORACLE PRECOMPILERS?
Using ORACLE PRECOMPILERS, SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks can be contained inside 3GL programs written in C,C++,COBOL,PASCAL, FORTRAN,PL/1 AND ADA.The Precompilers are known as Pro*C,Pro*Cobol,...This form of PL/SQL is known as embedded pl/sql,the language in which pl/sql is embedded is known as the host language. The prcompiler translates the embedded SQL and pl/sql ststements into calls to the precompiler runtime library.The output must be compiled and linked with this library to creater an executable.
25 What are different Oracle database objects?
· TABLES· VIEWS· INDEXES· SYNONYMS· SEQUENCES· TABLESPACES etc
26 What are different modes of parameters used in functions and procedures?
· IN· OUT· INOUT
27 What are cursor attributes?
· %ROWCOUNT· %NOTFOUND· %FOUND· %ISOPEN
28 What a SELECT FOR UPDATE cursor represent. [ANSWER]SELECT......FROM......FOR......UPDATE[OF column-reference][NOWAIT] The processing done in a fetch loop modifies the rows that have been retrieved by the cursor. A convenient way of modifying the rows is done by a method with two parts: the FOR UPDATE clause in the cursor declaration, WHERE CURRENT OF CLAUSE in an UPDATE or declaration statement.
29 There is a string 120000 12 0 .125 , how you will find the position of the decimal place?
INSTR('120000 12 0 .125',1,'.')output 13
30 There is a % sign in one field of a column. What will be the query to find it?
'' Should be used before '%'.
31 Suppose a customer table is having different columns like customer no, payments.What will be the query to select top three max payments?
SELECT customer_no, payments from customer C1
WHERE 3<=(SELECT COUNT(*) from customer C2
WHERE C1.payment <= C2.payment)
32 minvalue.sql Select the Nth lowest value from a table
select level, min('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') <
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second lowest salary:
-- select level, min(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal < sal
-- group by level
33 maxvalue.sql Select the Nth Highest value from a table
select level, max('col_name') from my_table where level = '&n' connect by prior ('col_name') >
'col_name')
group by level;
Example:
Given a table called emp with the following columns:
-- id number
-- name varchar2(20)
-- sal number
-- For the second highest salary:
-- select level, max(sal) from emp
-- where level=2
-- connect by prior sal > sal
-- group by level
34 How you will avoid your query from using indexes?
SELECT * FROM emp
Where emp_no+' '=12345;
i.e you have to concatenate the column name with space within codes in the where condition.
SELECT /*+ FULL(a) */ ename, emp_no from emp
where emp_no=1234;
i.e using HINTS
35 How you will avoid duplicating records in a query?
By using DISTINCT
36 How you were passing cursor variables in PL/SQL 2.2?
In PL/SQL 2.2 cursor variables cannot be declared in a package.This is because the storage for a cursor variable has to be allocated using Pro*C or OCI with version 2.2, the only means of passing a cursor variable to a PL/SQL block is via bind variable or a procedure parameter.
37 How you open and close a cursor variable.Why it is required?
OPEN cursor variable FOR SELECT...Statement
CLOSE cursor variable In order to associate a cursor variable with a particular SELECT statement OPEN syntax is used. In order to free the resources used for the query CLOSE statement is used.
38 How will you delete duplicating rows from a base table?
delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid) from table group by duplicate_values_field_name); or
delete duplicate_values_field_name dv from table_name ta where rowid <(select min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv);
39 How do you find the numbert of rows in a Table ?
A bad answer is count them (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name)
A good answer is :-
'By generating SQL to ANALYZE TABLE table_name COUNT STATISTICS by querying Oracle System Catalogues (e.g. USER_TABLES or ALL_TABLES).
The best answer is to refer to the utility which Oracle released which makes it unnecessary to do ANALYZE TABLE for each Table individually.
40 Find out nth highest salary from emp table
SELECT DISTINCT (a.sal) FROM EMP A WHERE &N = (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (b.sal)) FROM EMP B WHERE a.sal<=b.sal);
For Eg:-
Enter value for n: 2
SAL
3700
41 Display the records between two range?
select rownum, empno, ename from emp where rowid in (select rowid from emp where rownum <=&upto minus select rowid from emp where rownum<&Start);
42 Display the number value in Words?
SQL> select sal, (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'jsp'))
from emp;
the output like,
SAL (TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SAL,'J'),'JSP'))
800 eight hundred
1600 one thousand six hundred
1250 one thousand two hundred fifty
If you want to add some text like, Rs. Three Thousand only.
SQL> select sal "Salary ",
(' Rs. '|| (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'Jsp'))|| ' only.'))
"Sal in Words" from emp
Salary Sal in Words
800 Rs. Eight Hundred only.
1600 Rs. One Thousand Six Hundred only.
1250 Rs. One Thousand Two Hundred Fifty only.
43 Display Odd/ Even number of records
Odd number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,1) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp);
Output:-
1
3
5
Even number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,0) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp)
Output:-
2
4
6
44 Difference between procedure and function.
Functions are named PL/SQL blocks that return a value and can be called with arguments procedure a named block that can be called with parameter. A procedure all is a PL/SQL statement by itself, while a Function call is called as part of an expression.
45 Difference between NO DATA FOUND and %NOTFOUND
NO DATA FOUND is an exception raised only for the SELECT....INTO statements when the where clause of the querydoes not match any rows. When the where clause of the explicit cursor does not match any rows the %NOTFOUND attribute is set to TRUE instead.
46 Difference between database triggers and form triggers?
Data base trigger(DBT) fires when a DML operation is performed on a data base table. Form trigger(FT) Fires when user presses a key or navigates between fields on the screen
Can be row level or statement level No distinction between row level and statement level.
Can manipulate data stored in Oracle tables via SQL Can manipulate data in Oracle tables as well as variables in forms.
Can be fired from any session executing the triggering DML statements. Can be fired only from the form that define the trigger.
Can cause other database triggers to fire.Can cause other database triggers to fire, but not other form triggers.
47 Difference between an implicit & an explicit cursor.
PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all SQL data manipulation statements, including quries that return only one row. However,queries that return more than one row you must declare an explicit cursor or use a cursor FOR loop.
Explicit cursor is a cursor in which the cursor name is explicitly assigned to a SELECT statement via the CURSOR...IS statement. An implicit cursor is used for all SQL statements Declare, Open, Fetch, Close. An explicit cursors are used to process multirow SELECT statements An implicit cursor is used to process INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and single row SELECT. .INTO statements.
48 Can you use a commit statement within a database trigger?
No.
49 Can the default values be assigned to actual parameters?
Yes
50 Can cursor variables be stored in PL/SQL tables.If yes how. If not why?
No, a cursor variable points a row which cannot be stored in a two-dimensional PL/SQL table.
51 Can a primary key contain more than one columns?
Yes
52 Can a function take OUT parameters. If not why?
No. A function has to return a value,an OUT parameter cannot return a value.
53 What are various joins used while writing SUBQUERIES?
Self join-Its a join foreign key of a table references the same table. Outer Join--Its a join condition used where One can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they don't satisfy the join condition.
Equi-join--Its a join condition that retrieves rows from one or more tables in which one or more columns in one table are equal to one or more columns in the second table.
54 Differentiate between TRUNCATE and DELETE
TRUNCATE deletes much faster than DELETE
TRUNCATE
DELETE
It is a DDL statement It is a DML statement
It is a one way trip,cannot ROLLBACK One can Rollback
Doesn't have selective features (where clause) Has
Doesn't fire database triggers Does
It requires disabling of referential constraints. Does not require
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
1 What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
2 Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.
I & ii.
Exception :
3 Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
4 What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are : I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
5 What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
6 What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.
7 What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
8 What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error.
e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
9 What is PL/SQL table ?
Objects of type TABLE are called "PL/SQL tables", which are modeled as (but not the same as) database tables, PL/SQL tables use a primary PL/SQL tables can have one column and a primary key.
Cursors
10 What is Overloading of procedures ?
The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures.
e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ?
11 What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
12 What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
13 What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different
table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
14 What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
15 What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
16 What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
17 What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index,opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes
when all the records have been processed.
eg. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
18 What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
19 What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
20 What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
21 What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY.
Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema.
Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
22 What are the two parts of a procedure ?
Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.
23 What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ?
SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred.
SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.
24 What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR cursor name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
25 What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
26 What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?
Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN.
Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.
27 What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
28 What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
29 What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
30 What are advantages fo Stored Procedures /
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
31 Name the tables where characteristics of Package, procedure and functions are stored ?
User_objects, User_Source and User_error.
32 Is it possible to use Transaction control Statements such a ROLLBACK or COMMIT in Database Trigger ? Why ?
It is not possible. As triggers are defined for each table, if you use COMMIT of ROLLBACK in a trigger, it affects logical transaction processing.
33 How packaged procedures and functions are called from the following?
a. Stored procedure or anonymous block
b. an application program such a PRC C, PRO COBOL
c. SQL *PLUS
a. PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters);
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
EXEC SQL EXECUTE
b.
BEGIN
PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters)
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
END;
END EXEC;
c. EXECUTE PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE if the procedures does not have any
out/in-out parameters. A function can not be called.
34 How many types of database triggers can be specified on a table ? What are they ?
Insert Update Delete
Before Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
Before Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
If FOR EACH ROW clause is specified, then the trigger for each Row affected by the statement.
If WHEN clause is specified, the trigger fires according to the returned Boolean value.
35 Give the structure of the procedure ?
PROCEDURE name (parameter list.....)
is
local variable declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements.
Exception.
exception handlers
end;
36 Give the structure of the function ?
FUNCTION name (argument list .....) Return datatype is
local variable declarations
Begin
executable statements
Exception
execution handlers
End;
37 Explain the usage of WHERE CURRENT OF clause in cursors ?
WHERE CURRENT OF clause in an UPDATE,DELETE statement refers to the latest row fetched from a cursor.
Database Triggers
38 Explain the two type of Cursors ?
There are two types of cursors, Implicit Cursor and Explicit Cursor.
PL/SQL uses Implicit Cursors for queries.
User defined cursors are called Explicit Cursors. They can be declared and used.
39 Explain how procedures and functions are called in a PL/SQL block ?
Function is called as part of an expression.
sal := calculate_sal ('a822');
procedure is called as a PL/SQL statement
calculate_bonus ('A822');
Programmatic Constructs
Last Update: September 06, 2004
1 What are the different types of PL/SQL program units that can be defined and stored in ORACLE database ?
Procedures and Functions,Packages and Database Triggers.
2 What are the differences between Database Trigger and Integrity constraints ?
A declarative integrity constraint is a statement about the database that is always true. A constraint applies to existing data in the table and any statement that manipulates the table.
A trigger does not apply to data loaded before the definition of the trigger, therefore, it does not guarantee all data in a table conforms to the rules established by an associated trigger.
A trigger can be used to enforce transitional constraints where as a declarative integrity constraint cannot be used.
3 What is difference between Procedures and Functions ?
A Function returns a value to the caller where as a Procedure does not.
4 What is Database Trigger ?
A Database Trigger is procedure (set of SQL and PL/SQL statements) that is automatically executed as a result of an insert in,update to, or delete from a table.
5 What is a Procedure ?
A Procedure consist of a set of SQL and PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.
6 What is a Package ?
A Package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables and other package constructs together as a unit in the database.
7 What are the uses of Database Trigger ?
Database triggers can be used to automatic data generation, audit data modifications, enforce complex Integrity constraints, and customize complex security authorizations.
8 What are the advantages of having a Package ?
Increased functionality (for example,global package variables can be declared and used by any proecdure in the package) and performance (for example all objects of the package are parsed compiled, and loaded into memory once)
1 With which function of summary item is the compute at options required?
percentage of total functions.
2 Why is it preferable to create a fewer no. of queries in the data model?
Because for each query, report has to open a separate cursor and has to rebind, execute and fetch data.
3 Why is a Where clause faster than a group filter or a format trigger?
Because, in a where clause the condition is applied during data retrieval than after retrieving the data.
4 Which parameter can be used to set read level consistency across multiple queries?
Read only.
5 Which of the two views should objects according to possession?
view by structure.
6 Which of the above methods is the faster method?
performing the calculation in the query is faster.
7 Where is the external query executed at the client or the server?
At the server.
8 Where is a procedure return in an external pl/sql library executed at the client or at the server?
At the client.
9 When do you use data parameter type?
When the value of a data parameter being passed to a called product is always the name of the record group defined in the current form. Data parameters are used to pass data to produts invoked with the run_product built-in subprogram.
10 When a form is invoked with call_form, Does oracle forms issues a save point?
Yes
11 What are the important difference between property clause and visual attributes?
Named visual attributes differ only font, color & pattern attributes, property clauses can contain this and any other properties. You can change the appearance of objects at run time by changing the named visual attributes programmatically , property clause assignments cannot be changed programmatically. When an object is inheriting from both a property clause and named visual attribute, the named visual attribute settings take precedence, and any visual attribute properties in the class are ignored.
12 What use of command line parameter cmd file?
It is a command line argument that allows you to specify a file that contain a set of arguments for r20run.
13 What is WHEN-Database-record trigger?
Fires when oracle forms first marks a record as an insert or an update. The trigger fires as soon as oracle forms determines through validation that the record should be processed by the next post or commit as an insert or update. c generally occurs only when the operators modifies the first item in the record, and after the operator attempts to navigate out of the item.
14 What is use of term?
The term file which key is correspond to which oracle report functions.
15 What is trigger associated with the timer?
When-timer-expired.
16 What is the use of transactional triggers?
Using transactional triggers we can control or modify the default functionality of the oracle forms.
17 What is the use of place holder column?
A placeholder column is used to hold calculated values at a specified place rather than allowing is to appear in the actual row where it has to appear.
18 What is the use of image_zoom built-in?
To manipulate images in image items.
19 What is the use of hidden column?
A hidden column is used to when a column has to embed into boilerplate text.
20 What is the use of break group?
A break group is used to display one record for one group ones. While multiple related records in other group can be displayed.
21 What is the remove on exit property?
For a modelless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.
22 What is the purpose of the product order option in the column property sheet?
To specify the order of individual group evaluation in a cross products.
23 What is the maximum no of chars the parameter can store?
The maximum no of chars the parameter can store is only valid for char parameters, which can be upto 64K. No parameters default to 23Bytes and Date parameter default to 7Bytes.
24 What is the main diff. bet. Reports 2.0 & Reports 2.5?
Report 2.5 is object oriented.
25 What is the frame & repeating frame?
A frame is a holder for a group of fields. A repeating frame is used to display a set of records when the no. of records that are to displayed is not known before.
26 What is the difference between OLE Server & Ole Container?
An Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel. OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.
27 What is the difference between object embedding & linking in Oracle forms?
In Oracle forms, Embedded objects become part of the form module, and linked objects are references from a form module to a linked source file.
28 What is the difference between boiler plat images and image items?
Boiler plate Images are static images (Either vector or bit map) that you import from the file system or database to use a graphical elements in your form, such as company logos and maps. Image items are special types of interface controls that store and display either vector or bitmap images. Like other items that store values, image items can be either base table items(items that relate directly to database columns) or control items. The definition of an image item is stored as part of the form module FMB and FMX files, but no image file is actually associated with an image item until the item is populate at run time.
29 What is the difference between $$DATE$$ & $$DBDATE$$ $$DBDATE$$ retrieves the current database date $$date$$ retrieves the current operating system date.
30 What is the diff. when Flex mode is mode on and when it is off?
When flex mode is on, reports automatically resizes the parent when the child is resized.
31 What is the diff. when confine mode is on and when it is off?
When confine mode is on, an object cannot be moved outside its parent in the layout.
32 What is the diff. bet. setting up of parameters in reports 2.0 reports 2.5?
LOVs can be attached to parameters in the reports 2.5 parameter form.
33 What is the advantage of the library?
Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-side program units and sharing them among multiple applications. Once you create a library, you can attach it to any other form, menu, or library modules. When you can call library program units from triggers menu items commands and user named routine, you write in the modules to which you have attach the library. When a library attaches another library, program units in the first library can reference program units in the attached library. Library support dynamic loading-that is library program units are loaded into an application only when needed. This can significantly reduce the run-time memory requirements of applications.
34 What is term?
The term is terminal definition file that describes the terminal form which you are using r20run.
35 What is system.coordination_operation?
It represents the coordination causing event that occur on the master block in master-detail relation.
36 What is synchronize?
It is a terminal screen with the internal state of the form. It updates the screen display to reflect the information that oracle forms has in its internal representation of the screen.
37 What is strip sources generate options?
Removes the source code from the library file and generates a library files that contains only pcode. The resulting file can be used for final deployment, but can not be subsequently edited in the designer. ex. f45gen module=old_lib.pll userid=scott/tiger strip_source YES output_file
38 What is relation between the window and canvas views?
Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form . Each canvas views displayed in a window.
39 What is pop list?
The pop list style list item appears initially as a single field (similar to a text item field). When the operator selects the list icon, a list of available choices appears.
40 What is new_form built-in?
When one form invokes another form by executing new_form oracle form exits the first form and releases its memory before loading the new form calling new form completely replace the first with the second. If there are changes pending in the first form, the operator will be prompted to save them before the new form is loaded.
41 What is lexical reference? How can it be created?
Lexical reference is place_holder for text that can be embedded in a sql statements. A lexical reference can be created using & before the column or parameter name.
42 What is forms_DDL?
Issues dynamic Sql statements at run time, including server side pl/SQl and DDL
43 What is difference between open_form and call_form?
when one form invokes another form by executing open_form the first form remains displayed, and operators can navigate between the forms as desired. when one form invokes another form by executing call_form, the called form is modal with respect to the calling form. That is, any windows that belong to the calling form are disabled, and operators cannot navigate to them until they first exit the called form.
44 What is bind reference and how can it be created?
Bind reference are used to replace the single value in sql, pl/sql statements a bind reference can be created using a (:) before a column or a parameter name.
45 What is an user exit used for?
A way in which to pass control (and possibly arguments ) form Oracle report to another Oracle products of 3 GL and then return control ( and ) back to Oracle reports.
46 What is an OLE?
Object Linking & Embedding provides you with the capability to integrate objects from many Ms-Windows applications into a single compound document creating integrated applications enables you to use the features form .
47 What is an object group?
An object group is a container for a group of objects; you define an object group when you want to package related objects, so that you copy or reference them in other modules.
48 What is an anchoring object & what is its use?
An anchoring object is a print condition object which used to explicitly or implicitly anchor other objects to itself.
49 What is a User_exit?
Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl program by name which has been properly linked into your current oracle forms executable.
50 What is a timer?
Timer is an "internal time clock" that you can programmatically create to perform an action each time the timer expires.
51 What is a Text_io Package?
It allows you to read and write information to a file in the file system.
52 What is a text list?
The text list style list item appears as a rectangular box which displays the fixed number of values. When the text list contains values that can not be displayed, a vertical scroll bar appears, allowing the operator to view and select undisplayed values.
53 What is a property clause?
A property clause is a named object that contains a list of properties and their settings. Once you create a property clause you can base other object on it. An object based on a property can inherit the setting of any property in the clause that makes sense for that object.
54 What is a physical page ? & What is a logical page ?
A physical page is a size of a page. That is output by the printer. The logical page is the size of one page of the actual report as seen in the Previewer.
55 What is a library?
A library is a collection of subprograms including user named procedures, functions and packages.
56 What is a difference between pre-select and pre-query?
Fires during the execute query and count query processing after oracle forms constructs the select statement to be issued, but before the statement is actually issued. The pre-query trigger fires just before oracle forms issues the select statement to the database after the operator as define the example records by entering the query criteria in enter query mode. Pre-query trigger fires before pre-select trigger.
57 What is a combo box?
A combo box style list item combines the features found in list and text item. Unlike the pop list or the text list style list items, the combo box style list item will both display fixed values and accept one operator entered value.
58 What does the term panel refer to with regard to pages?
A panel is the no. of physical pages needed to print one logical page.
59 What are visual attributes?
Visual attributes are the font, color, pattern proprieties that you set for form and menu objects that appear in your application interface.
60 What are three panes that appear in the run time pl/sql interpreter?
1.Source pane. 2. interpreter pane. 3. Navigator pane.
Regards
B RANGARAJAN -
I'm very happy to see this feature added to 3.0.0 along with methodQL. This
should alleviate a lot of the issues with trying to use only JDOQL,
especially when the desired SQL statemetn is well understood. Thanks for
adding this!
BenMarc,
Calling pm.flush() explicitly doesn't help. Calling
query.setIgnoreCache(true) does work, so that's good.
I even get the correct number of rows back in the Collection. Unfortunately
every item in the Collection is null. I definitely did a
query.setClass(DSChannelValueImpl.class) and it is enhanced properly,
because that's how the table got populated earlier in the test. I am doing a
SELECT *, so the class indicator and pk should be there. I'm assuming it
doesn't mind me aliasing the FROM table name, since I need to disambiguate
it to do a join (below).
Ben
"Marc Prud'hommeaux" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
Ben-
I've made a bug report for this:
http://bugzilla.solarmetric.com/show_bug.cgi?id=780
In the meantime, a nicer workaround will probably be to just call
setIgnoreCache(true) on the Query.
In article <[email protected]>, Marc Prud'hommeaux wrote:
Ben-
A potential (but, admittedly, not very nice) workaround for this for the
time being might be to enable NonTransactionalRead=true, and ensure that
there is not a transaction running at the time of query execution.
In article <[email protected]>, Patrick Linskey wrote:
Well, sounds like a bug. We'll take a look. Sorry about that.
What happens if you explicitly flush the PM before execution?
-Patrick
Ben Eng wrote:
Query query = pm.newQuery( "kodo.jdbc.SQL", null );
query.setClass( ChannelValue.class );
query.declareParameters( "VARCHAR pConn, DATETIME pStart,
DATETIME pEnd" );
String filter = "select * from dschannel as c" +
" left join channelsegment as s" +
" on c.pk = s.channel and" +
" c.supporting = pConn and" +
" (s.validForEnd > pStart or" +
" s.validForStart < pEnd)" +
" where s.channel is null";
query.setFilter( filter );
Collection resultSet = (Collection) this.query.execute(
connection, start, end );
This is being called from a method of a stateless session bean that is
only
performing this query. CMT, Required, and the client is not definingits own
transaction boundaries. Therefore, I would not expect anything to bedirtied
in this transaction. This is with the BEA WLS 7.0 appserver.
Ben
"Patrick Linskey" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
Ben,
Can you post the code that you're using to create the query?
-Patrick
Ben Eng wrote:
I just ran into a snag with this feature.
kodo.util.UnsupportedOptionException: kodo.jdbc.SQL language queries
cannot
be executed in-memory. Either set the javax.jdo.option.IgnoreCacheproperty
to true, set the kodo.FlushBeforeQueries property to true, or executethe
query before modifying objects within the transaction.
at
kodo.jdbc.query.SQLQuery.newInMemoryQueryExecutor(SQLQuery.java:117)
at kodo.query.AbstractQuery.internalCompile(AbstractQuery.java:545)
atkodo.query.AbstractQuery.getAccessPathMetaDatas(AbstractQuery.java:938)
>>>>
atkodo.query.AbstractQuery.isAccessPathDirty(AbstractQuery.java:745)
at kodo.query.AbstractQuery.executeWithMap(AbstractQuery.java:672)
at kodo.query.AbstractQuery.executeWithArray(AbstractQuery.java:640)
at kodo.query.AbstractQuery.execute(AbstractQuery.java:622)
at
com.metasolv.resources.queries.ChannelAvailabilityQueryBean.execute(ChannelA
>>>>
vailabilityQueryBean.java:84)
at
com.metasolv.oss.inventory.InventorySessionBean.queryInventory(InventorySess
>>>>
ionBean.java:1504)
Oddly, my ra.xml already has the following properties set.
<config-property>
<description>If false, then the JDO implementation mustconsider
modifications, deletions, and additions in the PersistenceManager
transaction cache when executing a query inside a transaction. Else,the
implementation is free to ignore the cache and execute the querydirectly
against the data store.</description>
<config-property-name>IgnoreCache</config-property-name>
<config-property-type>java.lang.Boolean</config-property-type>
<config-property-value>true</config-property-value>
</config-property>
<config-property>
<description>Whether or not Kodo should automatically flush
modifications to the data store before executingqueries.</description>
>>>>>>
<config-property-name>FlushBeforeQueries</config-property-name>
<config-property-type>java.lang.String</config-property-type>
<config-property-value>true</config-property-value>
</config-property>
I also tried explicitly calling ((KodoPersistenceManager)pm).flush()before
newQuery to no avail. I am at a loss how to get the Query to NOT
execute
in-memory.
Ben
"Ben Eng" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
I'm very happy to see this feature added to 3.0.0 along with
methodQL.
>>>>>>
This
should alleviate a lot of the issues with trying to use only JDOQL,
especially when the desired SQL statemetn is well understood. Thanks
for
adding this!--
Marc Prud'hommeaux [email protected]
SolarMetric Inc. http://www.solarmetric.com -
I am using OBI 11g.
Nested aggregation is not supported in some forms in the BI Server (RPD), but appears to be possible by putting the second aggr rule in an Answers column formula or pivot view column. However, I cannot get this to work. Looks like can even be done in the RPD with aggregation based on dimensions, as long as there is a standard aggregation function on the outside of the expression.
The biggest problem with any of the above techniques is the BI Server does not push the outer aggregation rule to the DB engine (the generated SQL).
In my case, consider a Referral Fact with Customer Dim and Referral Dim. I need to get # of Referrals per customer, filter that with a case statement to "bin" 1 Referral and >1 Referral, and then get # of Customers in each bin. So the first measure aggregation looks like:
Other: COUNT (DISTINCT "Referral Key")
Customer: "SUM( CASE WHEN "Referral Key" = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END )"
Or the logical measure just has the COUNT DISTINCT aggregation rule and an Answers column has the CASE statement with a SUM aggregation rule. Or use CASE WHEN "Referral Key" = 1 THEN "Customer Key" END and use COUNT DISTINCT instead of SUM.
All these appear to return correct results, but they all perform the outer aggregation in the BI Server or Pivot engine instead of pushing to the generated SQL (DB engine).
I can't find any problem in the DB Features. We are using SQL Server 2010.
Thanks in advance for help.Hi AL,
here is my requirement what i have been asked to get this output result.
i have keyfigures KF1, KF2 and total KF.
three characteristics dist,inch,load.
dist-inch-load--KF1-KF2-Total KF
5---A--010-0-----10=10
5---A--120-20----20+10=30
10--B---050-0-----50
12--C---160-60----60
13--D---270-70----70
14--E---080-0-----80
15--E---120-20----20+80=100
15--E---230-30----302080=130
KF1 is the initial volume coming from the file directily.based on this keyfigure i have to calculate KF2,Total KF.
In order to calcuate KF2 and Total KF i have some conditions.which are mentioned below;
KF2---> if load=0 then KF2=0 elseif load>0 then KF2=KF1 ;
Total KF--->if load=0 then Total KF=KF2KF1 elseif load>0 then KF2=KF2KF1
How to achieve this dynamic summation.Do i have to do nested exception aggregation based on the above three characteristics. what would be the open options.please do help me. -
OBIEE Error[14041] Nested Aggregation measure are currently not supported
Hi,
Please provide workaround for the OBIEE Error[14041] Error in measure definiion. Nested aggregation measures are currently not supported.
I have two logical columns - Current YTD Invoice Quantity and Prior YTD Invoice Price. I want to create a column which is -
(Current YTD Invoice Quantity * Prior YTD Invoice Price)/ sum(Current YTD Invoice Quantity * Prior YTD Invoice Price)
sum in the denominator should be the sum of all rows returned by the report. So level based measures cannot be used as there are multiple report and dimension used may vary.
Columns Current YTD Invoice Quantity and Prior YTD Invoice Price are already aggregated to Sum.
If I try to do the sum on the physical column while creating logical column, the query is running for 6-7 hours and not giving any result. Both the columns belong to different alias table in physical layer.
Please let me know if you guys know any work around for this issue. Also let me know whether this type of nested aggregation are supported in 11g or not?
Thanks.Hi Adil,
Yes, I did create a hierarchy for the time dimesion.
No, I was not able to specify the aggregate rule since the source of the logical column is another logical column
But the time hierarchy works for rows that is not based upon the SUM aggregate at the answers level.
Say I have 3 columns: Income,Expense, Bottom Line (formula : Income- Expense)
Income is created based upon a case statement in the Logical Column and
Expense is also created based upon a case statement in the Logical Column.
Income 1000 Rupees
Expense -300 Rupees
Bottom Line 700 Rupees (where the Bottom line is a row based upon the Answers aggregate formula
which is SUM(Income+Expense))
When I add a column year, I get the following output
Income 2009 500 Rs
Income 2008 500 Rs
Expense 2009 -150 Rs
Expense 2008 -150 Rs
Bottom Line 2009 700 Rs
Bottom Line 2008 700 Rs
The Bottom Line doesn't spread across the Year
Hope this helps you to understand what my problems is.
Thank you! -
i would like to have a comparaison between serial and parallel sql (time of execution,cpu cost...):
1- i have a laptop processor: Intel core 2 Duo T8100 2.10GHz, RAM= 2Go, one disk c:\, OS= WiN7, Oracle 10g database
2- create table b (b number);
values insered in b are : 1,2 689,11,122,12,62
after that i used sql statment 'insert into b (select * from b) ' many times until i have many(14336) recordsin this table.
3- i lunched the two queries and noted the time of execution of every one.
the results are:
SQL> set timing on;
SQL> select b,count(*) from b group by b order by b;
B COUNT(*)
1 2048
2 2048
11 2048
12 2048
62 2048
122 2048
689 2048
7 ligne(s) sÚlectionnÚe(s).
Ecoulé : 00 :00 :00.03
Plan d'exÚcution
Plan hash value: 1935677557
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 14336 | 182K| 11 (28)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT GROUP BY | | 14336 | 182K| 11 (28)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| B | 14336 | 182K| 8 (0)| 00:00:01 |
Note
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
Statistiques
4 recursive calls
0 db block gets
63 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
555 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
396 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
1 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
7 rows processed
SQL> select /*+ parallel (b,2) */ b,count(*) from b group by b order by b;
B COUNT(*)
1 2048
2 2048
11 2048
12 2048
62 2048
122 2048
689 2048
7 ligne(s) sÚlectionnÚe(s).
Ecoulé : 00 :00 :00.17
Plan d'exÚcution
Plan hash value: 3424792235
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | TQ |IN-OUT| PQ Distrib |
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | | | |
| 1 | PX COORDINATOR | | | | |
| | | |
| 2 | PX SEND QC (ORDER) | :TQ10002 | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,02 | P->S | QC (ORDER) |
| 3 | SORT ORDER BY | | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,02 | PCWP | |
| 4 | PX RECEIVE | | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,02 | PCWP | |
| 5 | PX SEND RANGE | :TQ10001 | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,01 | P->P | RANGE |
| 6 | SORT GROUP BY | | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,01 | PCWP | |
| 7 | PX RECEIVE | | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,01 | PCWP | |
| 8 | PX SEND HASH | :TQ10000 | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,00 | P->P | HASH |
| 9 | SORT GROUP BY | | 14336 | 182K| 7 (43)| 00:00:01 | Q1,00 | PCWP | |
| 10 | PX BLOCK ITERATOR | | 14336 | 182K| 5 (20)| 00:00:01 | Q1,00 | PCWC | |
| 11 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| B | 14336 | 182K| 5 (20)| 00:00:01 | Q1,00 | PCWP | |
Note
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
Statistiques
20 recursive calls
0 db block gets
115 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
555 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
396 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
8 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
7 rows processed
SQL>
4- as we see the resulats are :
The serial time= 00 :00 :00.03
The parallel time= 00 :00 :00.17
the same thing with the cpu cost the serial=11+11+8
the parallel=7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+7+5+5
why was the serial query faster than the parallel query?
any explanation plz?You do not have a valid benchmark - invariable in this case the 1st process does more physical I/O, than the 2nd process. The 2nd process benefits from finding data in buffer cache (no need for expensive and slow physical I/O), courtesy of the 1st process.
A little computer like you have, is also not the type of server platform where one typically uses parallel processing. It provides a non-scalable I/O subsystem.
As for how faster parallel processing is, versus serial processing, is like asking the length of an arbitrary piece of string. It varies.
Parallel processing is usually advantageous the more I/O there is to do. A single process will hit an I/O speed limit, while there is still I/O bandwith available for doing more I/O. Parallel processes will be limited to the same I/O speed - but able to, together, do more I/O per second and push the I/O bandwidth utilisation higher.
Using too many parallel processes can also result in I/O bandwidth being exceeded - and cause a bad bottleneck and worse performance than a serialised process.
As for using parallel processing on a mere 14,336 rows? I doubt that this suffices for parallel processing considerations. For example, early hours of this morning on a production db of mine, a PL/SQL process ran a SQL that processed and aggregated 8,030,678 rows into 571,623 rows. Elapsed processing time was 19.35 seconds.
Parallel processing means scalability - but you need to apply it correctly and you need to have the same scalability in the h/w architecture being used.
Maybe you are looking for
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