NET8의 LOCAL NAMING METHODS 이용관련 CHECK POINTS & TROUBLESHOOTING

제품 : SQL*NET
작성날짜 : 2000-12-15
===================================================================
Net8의 Local Naming Methods 이용관련 Check Points & Troubleshooting
====================================================================
Net8 관련 내용중 Local Naming Methods(sqlnet.ora와 tnsnames.ora
를 이용해서 DB에 Connect하는 방법)에 관한 일반적인 Check Points 및
Troubleshooing 사항을 정리해보도록 하겠다.
[Client Connection : Local Naming Methods]
1. Local Naming method resolves service names by using the local configuration files tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora.
2. One of the benefits of the Local Naming method is that it provides a simple method for resolving service name addresses. It is easy to configure local naming by using a GUI called the Net8 Assistant. When you configure a client machine for local naming by using the Net8 Assistant, a tnsnames.ora file is generated. To configure all the other client machines on the network that need to use the same database services, you can simply copy this file to the client machines.
3. Another benefit of using the local-naming method is that it resolves service name across networks running different protocols.
[Local Naming : Configuration]
1. The local-naming method resolves service names by using the information configured and stored on each individual client. Local naming is most appropriate for simple distributed networks with a small number of services that change infrequently.
2. Local naming requires the configuration of two local files, tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora. The tnsnames.ora file contains the address needed to direct a connection request to the specified listener on the specified node by using the specified database. The sqlnet.ora file stores information about the selected naming method.
3. Local naming is easy to configure by using the Net8 Assistant. The Net8 Assistant is implemented in Java and is packed with the Java Runtime Environment. You can run the Net8 Assistant on any platform on which Net8 is installed.
4. When you configure an Oracle8 server to use the local-naming method for service names resolution, the client-side configuration files tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora are automatically generated. After the configuration is complete, you copy these two files from the server to the client machines.
[Client Files : Parameters]
1. The tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora files are generated at the default location ORACLE_HOME\net80\admin.
2. The first parameter in the tnsnames.ora file specifies the service name and the domain name for the client.
3. The tnsnames.ora file contains a parameter called DESCRIPTION. This parameter contains information about the connect descriptor for the client.
4. The ADDRESS parameter in the tnsnames.ora file specifies the network address of the host to which the client is connected. If multiple addresses are specified, use the keyword ADDRESS_LIST before the ADDRESS parameter.
5. Another parameter in the tnsnames.ora file is the CONNECT_DATA parameter. This parameter specifies the SID of the database to which the client is connected.
6. The DEFAULT_DOMAIN parameter of the sqlnet.ora file specifies the domain from which the client most often requests names. When this parameter is set, the domain name is automatically appended to the service name in a connect string.
7. The DIRECTORY_PATH parameter is another key parameter of the sqlnet.ora file. This parameter specifies the names resolution method to be used for the client-server connection.
8. The sqlnet.ora file also contains a parameter called DEFAULT_ZONE.
This parameter specifies the region to which the client belongs.
[Troubleshooting the Client Side]
These are common client-side problems and the error messages associated with
each error code.
ORA-12154: "TNS: could not resolve service name"
ORA-12198: "TNS: could not find path to destination"
ORA-12203: "TNS: unable to connect to destination"
ORA-12533: "TNS: illegal ADDRESS parameters"
1. The ORA-12154 error occurs when Net8 cannot locate the connect descriptor specified in the tnsnames.ora configuration file. To solve this problem, first verify that a tnsnames.ora file exists and is accessible. Next, verify that multiple copies of the tnsnames.ora file are not present. After checking the existence of the tnsnames.ora file, verify that the service name specified in the connect string is mapped to a connect descriptor in the tnsnames.ora file. Verify also that the file does not contain any syntaz errors. The ORA-12154 error also occur if there is more than one copy of the sqlnet.ora file. Verify that duplicate copies of the sqlnet.ora file are not present.
2. The ORA-12198 and ORA-12203 errors occur when the client is unable to find the required database. To solve this problem, first verify that you have correctly entered the service name that you want to use. Next verify that the service name parameters in the ADDRESS section of the connect descriptor in the tnsnames.ora file are correctly defined. Then, verify that the tnsnames.ora file is stored in the correct directory. The ORA-12198 and ORA-12203 errors can also occur if the listener on the remote node is not running. Verify that the listener on the remote node has started and is running. If the listener is not running, start the listener by using the Listener Control(LSNRCTL) utility.
3. The ORA-12533 error occurs if the protocol-specific parameters in the ADDRESS section of the designated connect descriptor in the tnsnames.ora file are incorrect. To solve this problem, use the correct protocol-specific parameters in the ADDRESS section of the connect descriptor.
4. The ORA-12545 error occurs when the listener on the remote node cannot be contacted. This may happen if the values of the ADDRESS parameter in the tnsnames.ora file and the listener.ora file are incorrect. In this case replace the incorrect values with the correct values in both the files. The ORA-12545 error can also occur if the listener on the remote node is not
started. To verify whether or not the listener is started, determine its status with the STATUS command of the LSNRCTL utility. If necessary, start the listener on the remote node with the START command.

제품 : SQL*NET
작성날짜 : 2000-12-15
===================================================================
Net8의 Local Naming Methods 이용관련 Check Points & Troubleshooting
====================================================================
Net8 관련 내용중 Local Naming Methods(sqlnet.ora와 tnsnames.ora
를 이용해서 DB에 Connect하는 방법)에 관한 일반적인 Check Points 및
Troubleshooing 사항을 정리해보도록 하겠다.
[Client Connection : Local Naming Methods]
1. Local Naming method resolves service names by using the local configuration files tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora.
2. One of the benefits of the Local Naming method is that it provides a simple method for resolving service name addresses. It is easy to configure local naming by using a GUI called the Net8 Assistant. When you configure a client machine for local naming by using the Net8 Assistant, a tnsnames.ora file is generated. To configure all the other client machines on the network that need to use the same database services, you can simply copy this file to the client machines.
3. Another benefit of using the local-naming method is that it resolves service name across networks running different protocols.
[Local Naming : Configuration]
1. The local-naming method resolves service names by using the information configured and stored on each individual client. Local naming is most appropriate for simple distributed networks with a small number of services that change infrequently.
2. Local naming requires the configuration of two local files, tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora. The tnsnames.ora file contains the address needed to direct a connection request to the specified listener on the specified node by using the specified database. The sqlnet.ora file stores information about the selected naming method.
3. Local naming is easy to configure by using the Net8 Assistant. The Net8 Assistant is implemented in Java and is packed with the Java Runtime Environment. You can run the Net8 Assistant on any platform on which Net8 is installed.
4. When you configure an Oracle8 server to use the local-naming method for service names resolution, the client-side configuration files tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora are automatically generated. After the configuration is complete, you copy these two files from the server to the client machines.
[Client Files : Parameters]
1. The tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora files are generated at the default location ORACLE_HOME\net80\admin.
2. The first parameter in the tnsnames.ora file specifies the service name and the domain name for the client.
3. The tnsnames.ora file contains a parameter called DESCRIPTION. This parameter contains information about the connect descriptor for the client.
4. The ADDRESS parameter in the tnsnames.ora file specifies the network address of the host to which the client is connected. If multiple addresses are specified, use the keyword ADDRESS_LIST before the ADDRESS parameter.
5. Another parameter in the tnsnames.ora file is the CONNECT_DATA parameter. This parameter specifies the SID of the database to which the client is connected.
6. The DEFAULT_DOMAIN parameter of the sqlnet.ora file specifies the domain from which the client most often requests names. When this parameter is set, the domain name is automatically appended to the service name in a connect string.
7. The DIRECTORY_PATH parameter is another key parameter of the sqlnet.ora file. This parameter specifies the names resolution method to be used for the client-server connection.
8. The sqlnet.ora file also contains a parameter called DEFAULT_ZONE.
This parameter specifies the region to which the client belongs.
[Troubleshooting the Client Side]
These are common client-side problems and the error messages associated with
each error code.
ORA-12154: "TNS: could not resolve service name"
ORA-12198: "TNS: could not find path to destination"
ORA-12203: "TNS: unable to connect to destination"
ORA-12533: "TNS: illegal ADDRESS parameters"
1. The ORA-12154 error occurs when Net8 cannot locate the connect descriptor specified in the tnsnames.ora configuration file. To solve this problem, first verify that a tnsnames.ora file exists and is accessible. Next, verify that multiple copies of the tnsnames.ora file are not present. After checking the existence of the tnsnames.ora file, verify that the service name specified in the connect string is mapped to a connect descriptor in the tnsnames.ora file. Verify also that the file does not contain any syntaz errors. The ORA-12154 error also occur if there is more than one copy of the sqlnet.ora file. Verify that duplicate copies of the sqlnet.ora file are not present.
2. The ORA-12198 and ORA-12203 errors occur when the client is unable to find the required database. To solve this problem, first verify that you have correctly entered the service name that you want to use. Next verify that the service name parameters in the ADDRESS section of the connect descriptor in the tnsnames.ora file are correctly defined. Then, verify that the tnsnames.ora file is stored in the correct directory. The ORA-12198 and ORA-12203 errors can also occur if the listener on the remote node is not running. Verify that the listener on the remote node has started and is running. If the listener is not running, start the listener by using the Listener Control(LSNRCTL) utility.
3. The ORA-12533 error occurs if the protocol-specific parameters in the ADDRESS section of the designated connect descriptor in the tnsnames.ora file are incorrect. To solve this problem, use the correct protocol-specific parameters in the ADDRESS section of the connect descriptor.
4. The ORA-12545 error occurs when the listener on the remote node cannot be contacted. This may happen if the values of the ADDRESS parameter in the tnsnames.ora file and the listener.ora file are incorrect. In this case replace the incorrect values with the correct values in both the files. The ORA-12545 error can also occur if the listener on the remote node is not
started. To verify whether or not the listener is started, determine its status with the STATUS command of the LSNRCTL utility. If necessary, start the listener on the remote node with the START command.

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    import gnu.trove.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.*;
    import com.sleepycat.je.*;
    public class DBController {
         private class WikiSimTupleBinding extends TupleBinding<TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap>> {
              // Write an appropriate object to a TupleOutput (a DatabaseEntry)
              public void objectToEntry(TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap> object, TupleOutput to) {
                   try {
                        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                        ObjectOutputStream oout = new ObjectOutputStream(bout);
                        oout.writeObject(object);
                        oout.flush();
                        oout.close();
                        bout.close();
                        byte[] data = bout.toByteArray();
                        to.write(data);
                   } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
              // Convert a TupleInput(a DatabaseEntry) to an appropriate object
              public TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap> entryToObject(TupleInput ti) {
                   TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap> object = null;
                   try {
                        byte[] data = ti.getBufferBytes();
                        object = (TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap>) new java.io.ObjectInputStream(
                                  new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream(data)).readObject();
                   } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                   return object;
         private Environment myDbEnvironment = null;
         private Database db_R = null;
         private WikiSimTupleBinding myBinding;
         public DBController(File dbEnv) {
              try {
                   // Open the environment. Create it if it does not already exist.
                   EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
                   envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
                   myDbEnvironment = new Environment(dbEnv, envConfig);
                   // Open the databases. Create them if they don't already exist.
                   DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
                   dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
                   db_R = myDbEnvironment.openDatabase(null, "R", dbConfig);
                   // initialize Binding API
                   myBinding = new WikiSimTupleBinding();
              } catch (DatabaseException dbe) {
                   // Exception handling goes here
                   dbe.printStackTrace();
         private final byte[] intToByteArray(int value) {
              return new byte[] { (byte) (value >>> 24), (byte) (value >>> 16), (byte) (value >>> 8), (byte) value };
         public void put(int id, TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap> repository) {
              try {
                   DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(intToByteArray(id));
                   DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry();
                   myBinding.objectToEntry(repository, theData);
                   db_R.put(null, theKey, theData);
              } catch (Exception dbe) {
                   // Exception handling goes here
                   dbe.printStackTrace();
         public TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap> get(int id) {
              TIntObjectHashMap<TIntDoubleHashMap> repository = null;
              try {
                   // Create a pair of DatabaseEntry objects. theKey is used to perform the search. theData is used to store the
                   // data returned by the get() operation.
                   DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(intToByteArray(id));
                   DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry();
                   // Perform the get.
                   if (db_R.get(null, theKey, theData, LockMode.DEFAULT) == OperationStatus.SUCCESS) {
                        // Recreate the data repository
                        repository = myBinding.entryToObject(theData);
                   } else {
                        System.out.println("No record found for key '" + id + "'.");
              } catch (Exception e) {
                   // Exception handling goes here
                   e.printStackTrace();
              return repository;
         public void close() {
              // closing the DB
              try {
                   if (db_R != null)
                        db_R.close();
                   if (myDbEnvironment != null)
                        myDbEnvironment.close();
              } catch (DatabaseException dbe) {
                   // Exception handling goes here
                   dbe.printStackTrace();
    }

    If you are writing and you need to recover in a reasonable amount of time after a crash, you need checkpointing.
    If multiple threads may access a record concurrently, you need locking.
    If you need good read performance, you need as large a JE cache as possible.
    If you want to tune performance, the first step is to print the EnvironmentStats (Environment.getStats) periodically, and read the FAQ performance section. Try to find out if your app's performance is limited by CPU or I/O.
    If you are reading records in key order, then you'll get better performance if you also write them in key order.
    I'm not sure why you're using a TupleBinding to do Java object serialization If you want Java serialization, try using a SerialBinding.
    --mark                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

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