Networking and programming

why is that in all the universities networking courses has programming in it?

Hi ,
We do need to telnet the elements but it is via. script.
It is mainly useful when you have 1000 devices (I mean not exactly 1000 but more # of devices) in network
and you want to configure some command in all devices where script is actually in use. It will login to all devices and do as per your instruction.
I am preparing script where script will login to device and take output of few commands and store it in file ..and after completing some activity on that device (Like card changing , some BGP changes) it will again take outputs and compare it with previous one and will tell me if there is any evolution due to this activity performed.
I hope this information is useful.
Regards
Mahesh

Similar Messages

Opening network and programs on start up

I've recently talked my boss into up dating computer at work there imac G3's running 9.2.2 how do I set computer to log on to network and open program on start up.

If you are continuing to use OS 9, any alias you place in the "Startup Items" folder inside the System Folder will be opened on Startup, for a single-user OS 9 Mac.
If you are using Multiple Users, this may change a little. Each Users may get his own private "Startup Items" folder which would launch when that user logs in.
"to log on to network"
I am not certain what you mean by this. Get on the Internet and do a google search? Look up your files on a company Server? validate your user ID?
There are ways of using a Mac OS X Server, 10.4 or earlier \[the feature for controlling OS 9 computers is not available in 10.5 Server] to control system-wide user-ID verification and file control. You could also use older software, such as AppleShare IP for this. What I am describing is used in schools, so that any user can use any computer. All User files are stored on the Server, and any workstation computer can be sent out for service on a whim -- the individual workstation computers have no user-specific files on them. Backup is centralized, and can be done in a comprehensive way.

Network and socket programming in python

i want to learn network and socket programming but i would like to do this in python.Reason behind this is that python is very simple and the only language i know .
anybody can suggest me which book should i pick.
the book should have following specification--
1)not tedious to follow
2)lots of example
3)starts with some networking stuff and then get into codes
thanks in advance with regards.

hmm. well, your requirements are almost contradictory.
Not sure about books, except maybe dusty's.
Most python books cover at least some network programming (unless the book is topic specific).
I use lots of python-twisted at work. I mean ALOT. I wouldn't recommend it to someone looking for non-tedious though! I also like gevent/eventlet (esp. the async socket wrappers).
EDIT: Wow. My post wasn't really helpful at all. Sorry!
Last edited by cactus (2010-09-04 09:16:54)

Our iPad air keep kicking out of the Apple TV. None of the other iPads we have on the same network and the same content do this. The program kicks off the AppleTV and starts playing on the iPad about every 10 minute

We have used the 2 Apple TVs and the 5 different IPads successfully on both Apple TVs. But the iPad air, on the same content, on the same network, on the same Apple TV drops off the Apple TV and the content starts playing on the iPad. When we choose Apple TV on the AirPlay button, it starts playing on the TV again. It does this about 6-7 times an hour. We have the latest software update. We have also deleted and reinstalled the App to play the context (iView) and it still does this.

Hey there TandViv,
It sounds like your other iPads work correctly when Airplaying to your Apple TV, but one disconnects about ever 10 mintues or so. I have a few thoughts for this issue you are seeing. First, try closing all the apps:
iOS: Force an app to close
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht5137
Double-click the Home button.
Swipe left or right until you have located the app you wish to close.
Swipe the app up to close it.
When you have done that restart the phone and test it again:
iOS: Turning off and on (restarting) and resetting
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1430
If the issue persists try resetting the network settings on the phone and see how that works:
Reset network settings by tapping Settings > General > Reset > Reset Network Settings. Note: This will reset all network settings including:
previously connected Wi-Fi networks and passwords
recently used Bluetooth accessories
VPN and APN settings
From: iOS: Troubleshooting Wi-Fi networks and connections
http://support.apple.com/kb/ts1398
If the issue persists, I would next backup your device to iTunes, and restore it:
iOS: How to back up and restore your content
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1766
Thank you for using Apple Support Communities.
All the best,
Sterling

Existing Windows network and a new MacPro?

I am currently running a home network as follows:
2 ea. Dell PCs running XP Pro, ethernet wire connected to a LinkSys cable modem/router, connected to Comcast for internet access. I also have an HP color laserjet 3500 printer hardwire connected to the LinkSys as part of the network. I have external hard drives on each PC connected to USB ports on the PCs but made available for accessing to either PC for storage and/or retrieval. I run MS Office 2003 on each PC and use Outlook for my email on each PC.
I am contemplating replacing the older PC with a new MacPro and have the following questions:
1. Will I simply remove the old PC from the network and connect (ethernet cable) the new MacPro to the LinkSys cable modem/router? Will I have internet access at this point oon my new MacPro or will I have to do something else (configure the MacPro or whatever) to gain this internet access?
2. Will the new MacPro see the networked HP printer and will I be able to print to that printer thru the network from my MacPro? Any special software needed on my MacPro to print to that printer?
3. I assume that it is possible to physically connect my current external hard drives to the new MacPro thru a USB connection, but will the MacPro see the files on these ext drives and can I access them?
4. I plan on installing MS Office on the MacPro. If I create a file (Word, Xcel or PowerPoint document) and email it to a non-believer (PC-user) will they be able to open and use the file, assuming they are running MS Office 2003 on their PC?
5. I understand that I can install up to four hard drives on the MacPro, all internal. Is there any advantage to using two internal hard drives to provide back up capability as opposed to using one internal hard drive and then buying a separate external MacPro compatible hard drive for my backup? That is - should I go with two internal hard drives or one internal and one external - thinking that if something bad powerwise should happen to the MacPro maybe the ext hard drive would have been spared. (I do have surge protectors on all of my equipment.) I assume that I would NOT be able to access files from the Mac ext hard drive from my other PC. Is that a good assumption?
6. I understand that I can download BootCamp and run Windows programs on my MacPro. Can I run BootCamp and MacOS concurrently? Can I run BootCamp and MS Office for Windows on my MacPro, prepare a PowerPoint presentation, store it on my MacPro hard drive, then run Mac OS X, PowerPoint (MS Office for the Mac) and open the recently created PowerPoint file that I had created under BootCamp, MS Office for Windows? Can I go back and forth between the two operating systems creating files, opening and storing them? Or is this all a moot point in that any MS Office for Mac file creeated on the MacPro will be fully compatible with any PC system should I email them the file and I don't even have to worry about BootCamp?
7. I understand that Apple will release their new operating system, Leopard, next spring 2007. Should I wait to buy a MacPro until that new OS is on the market? If I did buy the MacPro now, is it a big deal to upgrade the MacPro to new OS?
Thanx in advance for any advice you can give me.
Harry
PC Windows XP Pro

1. Should work as soon as you plug in the network cable.
2 Just install the drivers and setup the printer
3. Yes. Macs can connect to Windows file shares.
4. Yes. Office files are Office files, no matter the platform.
5. "I assume that I would NOT be able to access files from the Mac ext hard drive from my other PC."
Use SharePoints fro hornware.com to share the drives to your PC.
"That is - should I go with two internal hard drives or one internal and one external"
How you want to configure your backup scheme is up to you, as your computing needs are different than ours. Internal drives are cheaper, while external drives are portable.
6. "Can I run BootCamp and MacOS concurrently? "
No. If you want to run Windows and OS X at the same time, use Parallels.
"Or is this all a moot point in that any MS Office for Mac file creeated on the MacPro will be fully compatible with any PC system"
Yes.
7. "Should I wait to buy a MacPro until that new OS is on the market?"
Your call. We can't make that decision for you.
"is it a big deal to upgrade the MacPro to new OS?"
No.

I'm currently signed onto my home network and want to go on with another computer but don't remember my password for my network. Does anyone know where to find this? It's a password that I set myself, not the one that came with my router.

I'm currently signed onto my home network and want to go on with another computer but don't remember my password for my network. Does anyone know where to find this? It's a password that I set myself, not the one that came with my router.

It's in your Keychain on the computer you usually use to connect to your network - the "kind" will be "AirPort Network Password".
Your Keychain can be opened by using the Keychain Access program. It is in your Utilities Folder.
Open Keychain Access, and type airport in the search field. You will see a number of entries. Choose the one with the name of your wireless network, open it, and check the box next to "show password". Before it reveals itself you will be asked for your login password - the one you use to log in to your MacBook.
The network password will appear in the box.
Quit Keychain Access.

I changed from a dial up to a high speed network and can no longer get Firefox to work as my browser. What do I need to do?

I changed from a dial up to a high speed network and can no longer get Firefox to work as my browser. What can I do.
I did try to download Firefox again, but still will not work.

Download a fresh Firefox copy and save the file to the desktop.
* Firefox 6.0.x: http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/all.html
* Uninstall your current Firefox version.
* Do not remove personal data when you uninstall the current version.
Remove the Firefox program folder before installing that newly downloaded copy of the Firefox installer.
* It is important to delete the Firefox program folder to remove all the files and make sure that there are no problems with files that were leftover after uninstalling.
Your bookmarks and other profile data are stored elsewhere in the Firefox Profile Folder and won't be affected by a reinstall, but make sure that you do not select to remove personal data if you uninstall Firefox.
* http://kb.mozillazine.org/Profile_folder_-_Firefox
* http://kb.mozillazine.org/Profile_backup

Slow WiFi only on home network and only on Mac

I have a 2010 MacBook Pro and internet downloads and especially viewing any videos (like youtube) are painfully slow at home. Videos basically load for a few minutes, play about 5 seconds of video, then load for a few more minutes. I know it is not the actual computer, b/c if I connect to another network elsewhere everything runs fine and fast. Also, it can't totally be my network since we have a few PC's on the same home network that are significantly faster with downloads. Things that take 20 seconds on my PC's take up to 10 minutes or more on the MacBook. Are there settings somewhere that I have wrong? Thanks, -Amy

So the RSSI and Transmit look okay (the speed 54 indicates a wireless G router). So your new Mac Book can run on wireless N protocal which is faster, so a thought for the future is an upgrade to a new router (which might solve all your problems). When I experienced much of what you are seeing, eventually I traced this to the WiFi router and got a new Airport express with N capability. I could have tried patching the router (mine was Netgear) but the added speed of the N standard pushed me onto a new router. My work PC's seemed to work okay on my old system and work great on the new Apple router.
But if you can see the other networks and find channel 6 or 11 completely open I would recommend changing the Linksys router to one of those channels and seeing if anything improves. These channels have no overlap in frequency with each other, but are also the most popular. If these are taken it still would be worth a try. Other interferences such as cordless phones and microwave ovens and the like will also affect G protocol wireless so moving the channel helps skip around them as well.
Before you make a change I suggest going to www.speedtest.net to verify your current performance. Maybe do this once in awhile for a day or so to get a measure of your current best and worst performance. This is a java applet that sends some packets to a local server and reads some down. It gives you a speedometer interface that gives you a Ping value (time for one packet to go between computers, should be in the 10 to 30 millisecond range) and then an upload speed and download speed. The web site actually keeps track of your speed values by date and time so you can review them as you make changes.
I would pick the recommended server. They select one near by but not at Comcast. So this test looks at your service between Comcast and the world. Comcast actually has a localized version of this same program www.speedtest.comcast.net, and so it can test your speeds within your own network - basically to Comcast and back. So this tests your line to Comcast.
Do this testing with your laptop connected by wire to your router (so this tests your speed without the WiFi) and then connecting to the internet via the WiFi. Without the WiFi and directly to Comcast's version of speed test, you should get the speed you are paying for from Comcast. The wired test to the speedtest.net suggested server gives you a more real world speed.
Once you have these base lines then change wifi channels and see if that helps.

Transport classes and programs to another server

Except for transport routing and charm copy function, do we have other ways to do so?
for example copy or so forth.
best regards,
Blake Le

Hi Blake
SAP R/3 Correction and Transport System
Operating system level files in the transport process:
The SAP C program TP, requires a special file structure for the transport process. The file system is operating system dependent. TP uses a transport directory or file system, which is called /usr/sap/trans.
The /usr/sap/trans file system is generally NFS mounted form the development system to other systems unless a system is defined as a single system in the CTS pipeline. All the sub directories should have <SID>adm as the owner and sapsys as the group; and proper read, write and execute access should be given to owner and the group. The TP imports are always performed by <SID>adm.
The following are the subdirectories in /usr/sap/trans:
/data
/cofiles
/bin
/log
/actlog
/buffer
/sapnames
/tmp
/usr/sap/trans/data: holds the data of transport objects after they are released . The example of a data file is R904073.DEV. The extension DEV means the data file was released from the DEV or development system.
/usr/sap/trans/cofiles: The cofiles directory holds the command files for all change requests. These files are like a command or control files used to import the data files. The common directory for CTS system is /usr/sap/trans. After a change request is released from the source system , the data is exported immediately to the file system of the operating system. The SAP transport utility TP uses the cofile to transport a data file. The example of a file in cofiles directory is K904073.DEV.
/usr/sap/trans/bin: holds the most important file TPPARAM in the CTS system. TPPARAM file has all the information about the CTS systems in the CTS pipeline. TPPARAM file is the parameter file for the transport program TP and it is the common file for all the systems in the CTS pipeline. As you know already that /usr/sap/trans should be NFS mounted to all the systems in a CTS pipeline, TP program has access to the TPPARAM file from all the systems. The following is an example of typical TPPARAM file for five SAP systems in the CTS pipeline:
#@(#) TPPARAM.sap 20.6 SAP 95/03/28
Template of TPPARAM for UNIX #
First we specify global values for some parameters, #
later the system specific incarnation of special parameters #
global Parameters #
transdir = /usr/sap/trans/
dbname = $(system)
alllog = ALOG$(syear)$(yweek)
syslog = SLOG$(syear)$(yweek).$(system)
System spezific Parameters #
Beispiel T11 #
DEV/dbname = DEV
DEV/dbhost = sap9f
DEV/r3transpath = /usr/sap/DEV/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
QAS/dbname = QAS
QAS/dbhost = sap8f
QAS/r3transpath = /usr/sap/QAS/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
TRN/dbname = TRN
TRN/dbhost = sap17
TRN/r3transpath = /usr/sap/TRN/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
PRE/dbname = PRE
PRE/dbhost = sap19f
PRE/r3transpath = /usr/sap/PRE/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
PRD/dbname = PRD
PRD/dbhost = sap18f
PRD/r3transpath = /usr/sap/PRD/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
/usr/sap/trans/log: holds the entire log files, trace files and statistics for the CTS system. When the user goes to SE09 (workbench organizer) or SE10 (customizing organizer) transaction and opens the log for a transport, the log file for that transport will be read from /usr/sap/trans/log directory. Each change request should have a log file. Examples of log files are DEVG904073.QAS, DEVI904073.QAS and DEVV904073.QAS. The name of a log file consists of the names of the change request, the executed step, and the system in which the step was executed:
<source system><action><6 digits>.<target system>
Now we can analyze the above example DEVG904073. QAS. The <source system> = DEV, <action> = G or report and screen generation, <6 digits> = 904073 (these six digits numbers are exactly the same number as the six digits of the transport) and the <target system> = QAS
Possible values for <action> are:
A: Dictionary activation
D: Import of application-defined objects
E: R3trans export
G: Report and screen generation
H: R3trans dictionary import
I: R3trans main import
L: R3trans import of the command files
M: Activation of the enqueue modules
P: Test import
R: Execution of reports after put (XPRA)
T: R3trans import of table entries
V: Set version flag
X: Export of application-defined objects.
/usr/sap/trans/actlog: holds action log files. The example of an action file is DEVZ902690.DEV. The following are the contents of the file:
1 ETK220 u201C==================================================u201D u201C=================
=============================
1 ETK191 u201C04/30/1998u2033 Action log for request/task: u201CDEVK902690u2033
1 ETK220 u201C==================================================u201D u201C=================
=============================
1 ETK185 u201C04/30/1998 18:02:32u2033 u201CMOHASX01u2033 has reincluded the request/task
4 EPU120 Timeu2026 u201C18:02:32u2033 Run timeu2026 u201C00:00:00u2033
1 ETK193 u201C04/30/1998 18:02:33u2033 u201CMOHASX01u2033 owner, linked by u201CMOHASX01u2033 to u201CDEVK902691u2033
4 EPU120 Timeu2026 u201C18:02:33u2033 Run timeu2026 u201C00:00:00u2033
1 ETK190 u201C05/04/1998 11:02:40u2033 u201CMOHASX01u2033 has locked and released the request/task
1 ETK194 u201C05/04/1998 11:02:40u2033 **************** End of log *******************
4 EPU120 Timeu2026 u201C11:02:40u2033 Run timeu2026 u201C00:00:09u2033
~
~u201DDEVZ902690.DEVu201D 10 lines, 783 characters
/usr/sap/trans/buffer: transport buffer of the target systems; contains control information on which requests are to be imported into which systems and in what order the imports must occur. The /usr/sap/trans/buffer will have a directory for each system in the CTS pipeline. For example the buffer file for DEV system is /usr/sap/trans/buffer/DEV.
/usr/sap/trans/sapnames: holds information pertaining to transport requests for each system user. There are files for each user who released change requests from the system.
/usr/sap/trans/tmp: holds information about temporary data and log files. While the transport is occurring the Basis administrator can find a file that is related to the transport in the tmp directory; that file shows the exact status if the transport (What objects are being imported at that time).
Important SAP delivery class and table types and tables in the CTS process:
Delivery class
The delivery class defines who (i.e. the SAP system itself or the customer) is responsible for maintaining the table contents. In addition the delivery class controls how the table behaves in a client copy and an upgrade. For example when you select a SAP defined profiles to perform a client copy, certain tables are selected according to their delivery class. DD02L table can show what delevery class a table belongs to.
The following delivery classes exist:
A: Application table.
C: Customizing table, maintenance by customer only.
L: Table for storing temporary data.
G: Customizing table, entries protected against overwriting.
E: Control table.
S: System table, maintenance only by SAP.
W: System table, contents can be transported via own TR objects.
Table type
The table type defines whether a physical table exists for the logical table description defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary and how the table is stored on the database.
The following are different table types in SAP:
Transparent Tables
There is a physical table on the database for each transparent table. The names of the physical table and the logical table definition in the ABAP/4 Dictionary are same. For every transparent table in SAP, there is a table in database. The business and application data are stored in transparent tables.
Structure
No data records exist on the database for a structure. Structures are used for the interface definition between programs or between screens and programs.
Append Structure
An Append structure defines a subset of fields which belong to another table or structure but which are treated as a separate object in the correction management. Append structures are used to support modifications.
The following table types are used for internal purposes, for example to store control data or for continuous texts:
Pooled table
Pooled tables can be used to store control data (e.g. screen sequences, program parameters or temporary data). Several pooled tables can be combined to form a table pool. The table pool corresponds to a physical table on the database in which all the records of the allocated-pooled tables are stored.
Cluster table
Cluster tables contain continuous text, for example documentation. Several cluster tables can be combined to form a table cluster. Several logical lines of different tables are combined to form a physical record in this table type. This permits object-by-object storage or object-by-object access. In order to combine tables in clusters, at least part of the keys must agree. Several cluster tables are stored in one corresponding table on the database.
Tables in CTS process:
TRBAT and TRJOB:
TRJOB and TRBAT are the major tables in the CTS process. After TP program has sent the event to the r3 system, RDDIMPDP checks table TRBAT in the target system to find out if there is an action to be performed. Mass activation, distribution, or table conversions are the examples of actions. If there is action to be performed, RDDIMPDP starts the appropriate program in the background task. RDDIMPDP then reschedules itself.
By checking table TRJOB, RDDIMPDP automatically recognizes if a previous step was aborted, and restarts this step. For each transport request , TP program inserts an entry into table TRBAT. If the return code 9999 in this table then the step is waiting to be performed. Return code 8888 indicates that the step is active and currently being processed. A return code of 12 or less indicates that the step is finished. In addition, TP inserts a header entry to let the RDDIMPDP program know to start processing. The column return code will therefore contain a B for begin. When RDDIMPDP is started, it sets the header entry to R(un), and starts the required program. When all the necessary actions are performed for all the transport requests, the column return code contains all the return codes received, and the column TIMESTAMP contains the finishing time. The header entry is set to F(inished). TP monitors the entries in TRBAT and TRJOB tables. When the header entry in TRBAT is set to finished. The entry in TRJOB is deleted.
Transport Tables SE06
TDEVC - Development classes
TASYS - Details of the delivery. Systems in the group that should automatically receive requests, have to be specified in table TASYS.
TSYST - The transport layers will be assigned to the integration systems. ( Define all systems)
TWSYS - Consolidation routes ( define consolidation path)
DEVL - Transport layers are defined here
In u201CConfiguring the CTS systemu201D section, We will learn more about the transport tables in SE06 transaction
Programs in the CTS process:
In the CTS table section we learned about the RDDIMPDP program. RDDIMPDP program needs to be scheduled in all the clients in an instance. It is recommended to schedule the RDDIMPDP as event driven.
RDDPUTPP and RDDNEWPP programs can be used to schedule RDDIMPDP program in the background.
The ABAP/4 programs that RDDIMPDP starts are determined by the transport step to be executed that is entered in the function field of table TRBAT.
Function Job Name Description of transport Steps
J RDDMASGL Activation of ABAP/4 dictionary objects
M RDDMASGL Activation of match codes and lock objects
S RDDDISOL Analysis of database objects to be converted
N RDDGENOL Conversion of database objects
Y RDDGENOL Conversion of matchcode tables
X RDDDICOL Export of AD0 objects
D RDDDIC1L Import of AD0 objects
E RDDVERSE Version management update during export
V RDDVERSL Version management update during import
R RDDEXECL Execution of programs for post - import processing
G RDDDIC3L Generation of ABAP/4 programs and screens
Version Management:
One of the important features of Workbench Organizer is Version Management. This feature works for all the development objects. Using the version management feature the users can compare and retrieve previous versions of objects.
Version management provides for comparisons, restore of previous versions, documentation of changes and assistance in the adjustment of data after upgrading to a new release. With the release of a change request, version maintenance is automatically recorded for each object. If an object in the system has been changed N times, it will have N delta versions and one active version. To display version management, for ABAPs use transaction SE38 and for tables, domains and data elements use SE11. The path to follow is Utilities -> Display version. Using version management the users can view existing version for previously created ABAP code, make changes to the code, compare code versions and restore original version of the code. Now the users will be restore previous versions without cut and paste steps of the past.
TP and R3trans program:
The basis administrator uses TP program to transport SAP objects from one system to another. TP is a C program delivered by SAP that runs independently of the R/3 system. TP program uses the appropriate files located in a common transport directory /usr/sap/trans. TP starts C programs, ABAP/4 programs and special operating system commands to its job. R3trans is one of the most important utility program called by TP. Before using the TP program, the basis administrator needs to make sure that the CTS system is setup properly and the right version of TP is running in the system. The TP program is located in the run time directory /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/run directory. It is automatically copied in the install process. A global parameter file TPPARAM that contains the databases of the different target systems and other information for the transport process controls TP. The global parameter file determines which R3trans is used for each system. If the parameter r3transpath is not defined properly then no export and import can be done. The basis administrator should make sure that the default value u201Cr3transpathu201D is properly defined. Later in this chapter we will learn more about TP and R3trans; also we are going to see how they are used.
Configuring the TPPARAM file:
Each time TP is started, it must know the location of the global parameter file. As we have seen before TPPARAM file should be in directory /usr/sap/trans/bin. The parameters in TPPARAM can either global (valid for each and every system in the cts pipeline) or local to one system. Th parameters are either operating system dependant (these parameters preceded by a keyword corresponding to the specific operating system) or database dependant (contain a keyword corresponding to a specific database system).
The global parameter file provides variables that can be used for defining parameters. The variables can be defined in format: $(xyz). The brackets can be substituted with the u201C\u201D-character if required.
The following pre-defined variables are available for the global parameter file:
$(cpu1): The CPU name can be sun or as4 for example. In heterogeneous networks this variable is very important.
$(cpu2): Acronym for the name of the operating system. The example for this variable can be
hp-ux, or sunos . This is an operating system specific variable.
$(dname): Used for the day of the week (SUN,MON,u2026.).
$(mday): Used for the day of the current month (01-31).
$(mname): Used for the name of the month (JANu2026DEC).
$(mon): Used for the Month (01-12).
$(system): R/3 System name.
$(wday): Day of the week (00-06, Sunday=00, Monday=01, Tuesday=02 and so on).
$(yday): Day of the current year (001-366). Using the number any day of the year can be chosen.
$(year): Year (Example:1998 or 1999).
$(syear): Short form of the year (two positions).
$(yweek): Calendar week (00-53). The first week begins with the first Sunday of the year.
For the database connection:
The transport environment also needs parameters to connect to the R/3 System database. As we know already the every instance in the R/3 CTS pipeline has its own database, therefore specific parameters should be defined for each database system. From dbtype parameter of RSPARAM file, TP program identifies the database system.
The two parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are required for ORACLE databases.
DBHOST: is the name of the computer on which the database processes execute. TCP/IP name of the host if NT is being used.
DBNAME: is the name of the database instance.
As of Release 3.0E, two new parameters have been introduced.
DBLOGICALNAME: The default value is $(system). The logical name that was used to install the database.
DBCONFPATH: The default value is $(transdir).
The parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are also used for INFORMIX databases in an installation:
DBHOST: Same as Oracle.
DBNAME: Name of the database instance, uppercase and lowercase are distinguished here.
INFORMIXDIR : u201C/informix/<SAPSID>u201D is the default value. Defines the directory namewhere the database software can be found.
INFORMIXSQLHOSTS: u201C$(informixdir)/etc/sqlhosts[.tli|.soc]u201Cis default value under Unix. The name of the SQLhosts file with its complete path is defined with this parameter.
INFORMIX_SERVER: u201C$(dbhost)$(dbname)shmu201D is the default value. The name of the database server may be specified for a local connect.
INFORMIX_SERVERALIAS: u201C$(dbhost)$(dbname)tcpu201Dis the default vlue. The name of the database server can be specified for a remote connect.
For Microsoft SQL Server database the two parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are also required. DBHOST: The TCP/IP name of the host on which the database is running.
DBNAME: The database instance name.
For DB2 in AS/400 only u201Cdbhostu201D is required.
DBHOST: System name of the host on which the database is running.
If theu201DOptiConnectu201D is used, the following line should be specified:
OPTICONNECT 1
For DB2/ AIX
The two parameters u201Cdbnameu201D and u201Cdbhostu201D are required
DBHOST: The host on which the database processes are running. It is the TCP/IP name of the host for Windows NT (As we have seen in the earlier examples).
DBNAME: Database instance name.
The DB2 for AIX Client Application Enabler Software must also be installed on the host on which tp is running.
ALLLOG: u201CALOGu201D $(syear) $(yweek)u201Dis the default value. This variable can be used in TPPARAM file to specify the name of a file in which tp stores information about every transport step carried out for a change request anywhere in the transport process. The file always resides in the log directory.
SYSLOG: u201CSLOG $(syear) $(yweek).$(system)u201D is the default value. This variable can be used to name a file in which tp stores information about the progress of import actions in a certain R/3 System. The file does not store information for any particular change request. The file always resides in the log directory.
tp_VERSION: Zero is the default value. If this parameter is set to not equal to zero, a lower version of tp may not work with this TPPARAM file. If the default value (zero) is set, the parameter has no affect.
STOPONERROR: (Numeric value) The default value is 9. When STOPONERROR is set to zero, tp is never stopped in the middle of an u201Cimportu201D or u201Cputu201D call. When STOPONERROR is set to a value greater than zero, tp stops as soon as a change request generates a return code that is equal to or greater than this value (The numeric value of the STOPONERROR parameter is stored in the variable BADRC). Change requests, which still have to be processed for the current step, are first completed. A u201CSYNCMARKu201D in the buffer of the R/3 System involved, sets a limit here. tp divides the value of this parameter between two internal variables. STOPONERROR itself is treated as a boolean variable that determines whether tp should be stopped, if the return code is too high.
REPEATONERROR (Numeric value too): The default value is 9. The REPEATONERROR parameter is similar to STOPONERROR. The difference is, REPEATONERROR specifies the return code up to which a change request is considered to be successfully processed. Return codes less than REPEATONERROR are accepted as u201Cin Orderu201D. Change requests that were not processed successfully stay in the buffer.
NEW_SAPNAMES: Default value is u201CFALSEu201D. A file is created for each user of the R/3 System group in the u201Csapnamesu201D subdirectory of the transport directory. Except some of the operating system,the name of the user is the name of the file. It is very important to remember hat the special characters or length of the file name could cause problems. If all the R/3 Systems in the transport group have at least Release level 3.0.; TP program is efficient to handle this problem. The user names are modified to create file names that are valid in all operating systems and the real user names are stored in a corresponding file.
Though we have seen so many parameters, for the minimum configuration the following two parameters are very important.
TRANSDIR: specifies the name of the common transport directory. The following is a typical example from TPPARAM of Unix as we have seen before.
transdir = /usr/sap/trans/
DBHOST: contains the name of the database host. In Windows NT environment, this is the TCP/IP host name. The following is an example in Unix:
DEV/dbname = DEV
DEV/dbhost = sap9f
DEV/r3transpath = /usr/sap/DEV/SYS/exe/run/R3trans
For TP, to control u2018Start and Stopu2019 command files and database in R/3 the following important parameters are specified in TPPARAM:
Parameters for the tp Function u201CPUTu201D: LOCK_EU (boolean) default value is u201CTRUEu201D. Though from version 3.1 onward the tp put command is used seldom in cts process still it is important to know how this parameter works. When u201Ctp putu201D is used, it changes the system change option . If the parameter is set to u201CFALSEu201D nothing gets changed. If the parameter is set to u201CTRUEu201D, the system change option is set to u201CObjects cannot be changedu201D at the beginning of the call, and gets changed back to its previous value at the end of the call. The u201Ctp putu201D command will give the exact status of the locking mechanism.
LOCKUSER (used as boolean value): Default value is u201CTRUEu201D. This parameter is about the user login while tp put call is executed. If this parameter is set to u201CFALSEu201D, no locking mechanism for the users takes affect. If this parameter is defined as u201CTRUEu201D then a character is set in the database level; so only DDIC and SAP* can log on to the system. Users that have already logged on are not affected (this is a reason for activating the parameters STARTSAP and STOPSAP). The charactertor is removed at the end of the call, and all the users can log on to the SAP R/3 System again.
STARTSAP: Default value is u201D u201C.or u201CPROMPTu201D for Windows NT . This parameter is used by TP to start an R/3 System. It is not necessary for the clients to make tp start and stop R/3 system..
STOPSAP: Default value is u201D u201Cor u201CPROMPTu201D for Windows NT. TP uses this parameter to stop an R/3 System.
STARTDB: Default value is u201D u201C. TP uses the value of this parameter to start the database of an R/3 System.
The parameter is not active under Windows NT.
STOPDB: Default value is u201D u201C. TP uses the value of this parameter to stop the database of an R/3 System.
This parameter is not active under Windows NT.
The above parameters in UNIX can be used as following:
STARTSAP = startsap R3
STOPSAP = stopsap R3
STARTDB = startsap db
STOPDB = stopsap db
In Windows NT:
STARTSAP =
$(SAPGLOBALHOST)\sapmnt\$(system)\sys\exe\run\startsap.exe
R3 <SID> <HOST NAME> <START PROFILE>
STOPSAP =
$(SAPGLOBALHOST)\sapmnt\$(system)\sys\exe\run\stopsap.exe
R3 <SID> <HOST NAME> <INSTANCE> <PROFILE PATH + Instance profile>
The parameters STARTDB and STOPDB are not active under Windows NT.
Parameters for the tp function u201CCLEAROLDu201D
DATALIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C200u2033. When the data file has reached a minimum age, it is moved to the subdirectory old data with tp check. tp clearold all. The life span of the data files in the data sub directory can be set in days with this all, parameter.
OLDDATALIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C365u2033. When a file located in the olddata subdirectory is no longer needed for further actions of the transport system and has reached a minimum age, it is removed with tp check.all, tp clearold all. The minimum age in days can be set with this parameter.
COFILELIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C365u2033. This parameter is used just like DATALIFETIME parameter.
LOGLIFETIME (Numeric): Default value is u201C200u2033. This parameter applies to the life span of the log files. When the log files in log subdirectory is no longer needed for the transport system and has reached a minimum age, it is deleted with the calls tp check.all, tp clearold all. The minimum age in days can be defined with this parameter.
The Three Key Utilities of the CTS system (TP, R3trans and R3chop):
TP: Earlier in this chapter we have seen the objectives of TP. The TP transport control program is a utility program that helps the user to transport objects from one system to another. TP program is the front-end for the utility R3trans. TP stands for u201CTransports and Putsu201D. To make the TP work successfully the CTS system needs to be correctly configured. The following steps are very important for TP to run properly.
The transport directory /usr/sap/trans must be installed and NFS mounted to all the systems in the CTS pipe line.
RDDIMPDP program must be running (event driven is recommended) in each client. RDDIMPDP can be scheduled in the background by executing RDDNEWPP or RDDPUTPP. Use the tp checkimpdp <sap sid> command in /usr/sap/trans/bin directory as <sid>adm user to check RDDIMPDP program.
Use the tp connect <sap sid> command in /usr/sap/trans/bin directory to see whether the tp program is connecting to the database successfully or not. To run TP command the user has to logon as <sid>adm in source or target system.
The R/3 Systems in the CTS pipeline must have different names.
The Global CTS Parameter File TPPARAM must be correctly configured.
The source system (for the export) and target system ( for the import) must have at least two background work processes. TP always schedules the C class job, so if all the background jobs are defined as A class job then there will be problems in transport steps.
Important Tips :.It is always better to have the up to date TP version installed in your system. A user can ftp a current version of TP from SAPSERV4 of SAP. Though R3trans and other utility programs can be used to do the transport, it is recommended to use TP whenever possible for the following reasons..
The exports and imports are done separately using TP program. For example: when a transport is released from the system, the objects are exported from the source database to the operating system and then the import phase starts to transport those objects to the target system.
TP takes care of the order of the objects. The order, that was followed to export the objects; the same order will be followed to import them to the target database.
The TP command processes all change requests or transports in the SAP system buffer that have not yet been imported successfully. All the import steps are executed automatically after TP calls R3trans program to execute the following necessary steps:
Dictionary Import: ABAP/4 dictionary objects will be imported in this step.
Dictionary Activation: Name tabs or runtime descriptions will be written inactively. The R/3 system keeps running until the activation phase is complete. The enqueue modules are the exceptions in the running phase. After the activation of new dictionary structure the new actions are decided to get the runtime objects to the target system.
Structure conversion: If necessary the table structure is changed in this phase.
Move Nametabs: The new ABAP/4 Dictionary runtime objects which were inactive up to now are moved into the active runtime environment in this process. The database structures are adjusted accordingly. From the first step to the Main import step inconsistencies can occur to the R/3 system. After the main import phase all the inconsistency ca be solved.
Main import with R3trans: All the data are imported completely and the system comes to a consistent state.
Activation of enqueue-objects: The enqueue-objects cannot be activated in the same way as the objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary, so they have to be activated after the main import in this step. They are then used directly in the running system.
Structure Conversion of match codes, Import application defined objects, versioning and execution of user defined activities are some of the steps after activation of enqueue-objects. The next step is generation of ABAP/4 programs and screens, where all the programs and screens associated with the change request are generated. When all the import steps are completed successfully, the transport request is removed from the import buffer.
It is recommended by SAP to schedule regular periods for imports into the target system (e.g. daily, weekly or monthly). Shorter periods between imports are not advisable. The transport to production should not be done in the off hours when the users are not working
TP can be started with different parameters. The u201Ctp helpu201D command can help user to generate a short description about the use of the command.
The following are the some important commands of TP:
For export:
tp export <change request>: The complete objects in the request from the source system will be transported. This command also used by SAP System when it releases a request.
tp r3e <change request>: R3trans export of one transport request.
tp sde <change request>: Application defined objects in one transport request can be exported.
tp tst <change request> <SAP system >: The test import for transport request can be done using this command.
tp createinfo <change request>: This command creates a information file that is automatically done during the export.
tp verse <request>: This command creates version creates versions of the objects in the specified request.
To Check the transport buffer, global parameter file and change requests:
tp showbuffer <sid>: Shows all the change requests ready to be imported to the target system.
tp count <sid>: Using this command users can find out the number of requests in the buffer waiting for import.
tp go <sid>: This command shows the environment variables needed for the connection to the database of the <sid> or target system.
tp showparams <sid>: All the values of modifiable tp parameters in the global parameter file. The default value is shown for parameters that have not been set explicitly.
To import the change requests or transports:
tp addtobuffer <request>.<sid>: If a change request is not in the buffer then this command is used to add it to the buffer, before the import step starts.
tp import all <sid>: This command imports all the change requests from the buffer to the target system.
tp put <sid>: The objective of this command is same as u201Ctp import all <sid>u201D, but this command locks the system. This command also starts and stops the SAP system, if the parameters startsap and stopsap parameters are not set to u201D u201C.
tp import <change request> <sid>: To import a single request from the source system to target system.
tp r3h <change request>| all <sid>: Using this command user can import the dictionary structures of one transport or all the transport from the buffer.
tp act <change request>|all <sid>: This command activates all the dictionary objects in the change request.
tp r3i <change request> | all <sid>: This command imports everything but dictionary structures of one.
tp sdi <change request>|all <sid>: Import application-defined objects.
tp gen <change request>|all <sid>: Screen and reports are generated using this command.
tp mvntabs <sid>: All inactive nametabs will be activated with this command.
tp mea <change request>|all <sid>: This command will activate the enqueue modules in the change request.
When you call this command, note the resulting changes to the import sequence.
Additional tp utility options:
tp check <sid>|all (data|cofiles|log|sapnames|verbose): User uses this command to find all the files in the transport directory that are not waiting for imports and they have exceeded the minimum time specified using the COFILELIFETIME, LOGFILELIFETIME, OLDDATALIFETIME and DATALIFETIME parameters of TPPARAM file.
tp delfrombuffer <request>.<sid>: This command removes a single change request from the buffer. In case of TMS, the request will be deleted from the import queue.
tp setstopmark <sid>: A flag is set to the list of requests ready for import into the target system. When the user uses the command tp import all <sapsid> and tp put <sapsid>, the requests in front of this mark are only processed. After all the requests in front of the mark have been imported successfully, the mark is deleted.
tp delstopmark <sid>: This command deletes the stop mark from the buffer if it exists.
tp cleanbuffer <sapsid>: Removes all the change requests from the buffer that are ready for the import into the target system.
tp locksys <sid>: This command locks the system for all the users except SAP* and DDIC. The users that have already logged on are not affected by the call.
tp unlocksys <sid>: This command unlocks the system for all the users.
tp lock_eu <sid>: This command sets the system change option to u201Csystem can not be changedu201D tmporarily.
tp unlock_eu <sid>: This command unlocks the system for all the changes.
tp backupall <sid>: This command starts a complete backup using R3trans command. It uses /usr/sap/trans/backup directory for the backup.
tp backup delta <sid>: Uses R3trans for a delta backup into /usr/sap/trans/backup directory.
tp sapstart <sid>: To start the R/3 system.
tp stopsap <sid>: To stop the R/3 system.
tp dbstart <sid>: To start the database.
tp dbstop <sid>: To stop the database.
Unconditional modes for TP: Unconditional modes are used with the TP program and these modes are intended for the special actions needed in the transport steps. Using unconditional mode user can manipulate the rules defined by the workbench organizer. The unconditional mode should be used when needed, otherwise it might create problems for the R/3 system database. Unconditional mode is used after the letter u201CUu201D in the TP command. Unconditional mode can be a digit between 0 to 9 and each has a meaning to it. The following is a example of a import having unconditional mode.
tp import devk903456 qas client100 U12468
0: Called a overtaker; change request can be imported from buffer without deleting it and then uncoditional mode 1 is used to allow another import in the correct location.
1: If U1 is used with the export then it ignores the correct status of the command file; and if it is used with import then it lets the user import the same change request again.
2: When used with tp export, it dictates the program to not to expand the selection with TRDIR brackets. If used in tp import phase, it overwrites the originals.
3: When used with tp import, it overwrites the system-dependant objects.
5: During the import to the consolidation system it permits the source systems other than the integration system.
6: When used in import phase, it helps to overwrite objects in unconfirmed repairs.
8: During import phase it ignores the limitations caused by the table classification.
9: During import it ignores that the system is locked for this kind of transport.
R3trans: TP uses R3trans program to transport data from one system to another in the CTS pipeline. efficient basis administrator can use R3trans directly to export and import data from and into any SAP systems. Using this utility transport between different database and operating system can e done without any problems. Different versions of R3trans are fully compatible with each other and can be used for export and import. The basis administrator has to be careful using R3trans for different release levels of R/3 software; logical inconsistency might occur if the up to date R3trans is not used for the current version of R/3 system.
The syntax for using the control file is following:
R3trans [<options>] <control file> (several options used at the same time; at least one option must be there)
For example: R3trans u2013u 1 u2013w test.log test
In the above example a unconditional mode is used, a log file u201Ctest.logu201D file is used to get the log result and a control file u201Ctestu201D, where the instructions are given for the R3trans to follow. The user needs to logon as <sid>adm to execute R3trans.
The following options are available for the R3trans program:
R3trans -d : This command is used to check the database connection .
R3trans -u <int>: Unconditional mode can be used as we have seen in the above example.
R3trans -v : This is used for verbose mode. It writes additional details to the log file
R3trans -i <file>: This command directly imports data from data file without a control file.
R3trans -l <file>: This provides output of a table of contents to the log file.
R3trans -n : This option provides a brief information about new features of R3trans.
R3trans u2013t: This option is used for the test mode. All modifications in the database are rolled back.
R3trans -c <f1> [<f2>]: This command is used for conversion. The <f1> file will be copied to <f2> file after executing a character set conversion to the local character set.
Important tips: Do not confuse the backup taken using R3trans with database backup. The backups taken using R3trans are logical backups of objects. In case something happens to the SAP system these backups can not be used for recovery. R3trans backups can be only used to restore a copy of a particular object that has been damaged or lost by the user.
R3trans -w <file>: As we have seen in the above example this option can be used to write to a log file. If no file is mentioned then trans.log is default directory for the log.
R3trans also can be used for the database backup.
R3trans u2013ba: This command is used for a complete backup. we will see in the next paragraph how to use
the control file for the backup.
R3trans u2013bd: This command is used for a delta backup if the user does not want a complete backup.
R3trans u2013bi: This option will display backup information.
The following are some of the examples of control files:
We have already learned how to use a command for the logical backup of the objects in the database. To get a complete backup the following example control file can be used.
backup all
file = /usr/sap/trans/backall
The option u201Cfile = u2026u201D is the name of the directory into which the data files are to be written. If you are taking a complete backup of DEV system then the backup file is going to look like u201CDEV.A000.bcku201D the next complete
Reward if useful
Regards
divya

Request for Help - Very slow and programs crash, etc. since upgrading to Lion

I have searched the forum for a while looking for answers, but everyone seems to have different issues.
Since upgrading to Lion last week, EVERYTHING is running slow. I have an iMac (late 2009) with 4GB ram and over 700GB of free hard drive space.
I am not running a ton of heavy duty programs -- just the basics - word, entourage, safari, preview, and occasionally Photoshop, iPhoto, etc. I haven't even tried to edit any video since upgrading.
I continually get the "spinning wheel" when doing the most simple tasks like deleting a mail message, or opening a pdf file.
I have done all software updates.
Any help is greatly appreciated!
Thanks,
Kim

Entourage & Photoshop are both serious memory hogs. Export your data to Mail, Addressbook and iCal*:
http://www.macmaps.com/entouragemigration.html
Next for Photoshop, make sure to follow tips on the http://roaringapps.com/apps:table website for your version of Photoshop, to ensure you aren't overtaxing your system, and that you are usign any applications that are current for Lion. If you have any WiFi routers, make sure WPA2 password protection is on, and not WEP, and not an open network, and that their firmware has been tested with Lion. Lastly, speed issues may be due to website design. Try different browsers*: http://www.macmaps.com/browser.html

How to have my dial up connection added to the network utility program?

how to have my dial up connection added to the network utility program for monitoring? though i am connected by dial-up, the connection is not monitored by the utility program. the drop down box there does not show the modem at all. ?

Huh? I don't understand what you are asking. I just pulled up the network utility and I don't see what kind of connection monitoring it does for any kind of connection? What kind of information are you looking to obtain? What problem are you interested in solving by having your question answered?

How can i get my ipod touch5 to remember the network and password

My ipot touch 5's will not automatically joing to network. I have to manually put in the in encryption kep every single time. It is programmed to ask to join networks and sees ours, but doesnt joing with password automatically. Help>

On the iPod, create an On-The-Go Playlist.
Navigate to the first Playlist you want to use; press-and-hold the Select (centre) button until the Playlist name flashes. This puts that playlist into the On-The-Go Playlist, which is located at the bottom of the Playlist menu.
Now navigate to the second Playlist you want; press-and-hold the Select button until the Playlist name flashes. This has added the second Playlist to the On-The-Go Playlist.
Repeat for each Playlist you want to add.
Once you have added all the Playlists you want, scroll down to the end of the Playlist to On-The-Go list. If you go into the On-The-Go list, you will see all the songs form your other Playlists, in Playlist order. Simply scroll to the first song and press the Select or Play to start the first song playing.
By the way, there was no missing manual. No manual was supplied.
If you cannot find the answer by:
trial and error
by looking at the online manual;
160Gb Classic> http://manuals.info.apple.com/MANUALS/1000/MA1195/en_US/iPod_classic_160GB_User_ Guide.pdf and 129Gb Classic > http://manuals.info.apple.com/MANUALS/0/MA630/en_US/iPod_classic_120GB_en.pdf (no idea why there's a difference to be honest)
post a question in this forum and find out if one of your fellow users can help you out.

FAX through HP laser jet 3050 which is connected on a Windows Network. I m also connected to this Network and i print through HP LJ 3050. How can i sent fax through HP LJ 3050?

HOW can i sent FAX through HP laser jet 3050 which is connected on a Windows Network.
I m also connected to this Network and i print through HP LJ 3050. How can i sent fax through HP LJ 3050?

Welcome to Apple Support Communities.
Apparently there is no HP software support for the HP 3050 fax or scan functions with OS X 'Lion' 10.7:
http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bizsupport/TechSupport/Document.jsp?objectID=c02950970 #A1
http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bizsupport/TechSupport/Document.jsp?&objectID=c0292511 4
Alternatives?
1) Run a Windows client on the Mac using Boot Camp or one of the available virtualization programs like Parallels, VMware Fusion, and others so you can run the latest Windows print/fax/scan driver.
2) If your Mac hardware supports an older OS X version, downgrade to one (Snow Leopard?) that still had support for print, fax and scan.
3) Buy a newer printer. A 2007 model is 5+ years old, and should now be fully depreciated in a business.

Wifi can't connect to home network but can to school network and via ethernet

My MBP cannot connect to any of my home networks (we have three, same ISP but not the same security) but it can connect to my unsecured school network and to my home network via ethernet cable. Other devices can connect to the network, including my iPhone, my fathers machines... etc.
I spent an hour on the phone with apple care and tried a large variety of things...
Changing my DNS settings to add 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4
deleting the .plist settings in my system config folder
running diagnostics 500 times
restarting
reinstalling mt.lion (without wipe)
restarting the router
and a lot more.
Basically, it says I have full internet access and diagnostics tells me there is nothing wrong. Green light and everything but not a single program can connect to the internet while I can connect to home based servers.
I cannot ping anything and I cannot access any websites using either their IP or their domain name.
Needless to say, this has been getting quite frusterating and I'm running out of ideas.

Boot into Recovery by holding down the key combination command-R at the startup chime. Release the keys when you see a gray screen with a spinning dial.
From the OS X Utilities screen, select Get Help Online. A clean copy of Safari will launch. No plugins, such as Flash, will be available. While in Recovery, you'll have no access to your saved bookmarks or passwords, so make a note of those before you begin, if they're needed for the test.
Test. After testing, reboot as usual and post the results.

Where is Network Diagnostics program?

When I am having network problems, I find the most useful program is the network diagnostics program that automatically pops up when safari is having problems with the connection.
It usually pop ups after a minute or two, but I would like a way to quickly bring it up. I don't see it in the applications folder and spotlight can't find the application. Is it under another name? Is it just part of safari?
Thanks.
Tony

To run the Network Diagnostics:
Click "Assist me" in the Network pane of System Preferences, then click Diagnostics to open Network Diagnostics and follow the onscreen instructions.

Networking and programming

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