No battery or time display after Time Machine restore

Question

First, yes, I've checked the preferences.
Laptop fell, at a gig. HD didn't make it, but no other perceptible damage. Replaced old 320 gb SATA with 500 gb SSD. Restored from Time Machine backup. Everything appears to be back to normal (bravo Time Machine!) except... I can't get the battery indicator or clock to display.
What's happening:
Battery - System Preferences / Energy Saver / "show battery status in menu bar". This box is unchecked by default now. I can check it, but the battery doesn't show. Leaving the Energy Saver prefs then returning to them shows that this box has returned to unchecked.
Clock - System Preferences / Date and Time / "show time and date in menu bar" box is unchecked by default now. Clicking this box will very briefly put a check mark in the box but it immediately returns to unchecked. What appears to be the hands of a clock (but only the hands, nothing else) show up in the top right menu bar area, where the clock would normally be, but nothing else is visible.
Other than these issues I seem to have gotten very lucky. All apps, graphics, sound and other functionality is working.
Any ideas?
Mac Bok Pro
15-inch, Mid 2009
Processor  2.8 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
Software  OS X 10.9.4 (13E28)

Answer 1

Don't ignore the possibility of interior damage.
For now I would suggest:
Try these in order testing your system after each to see if it's back to normal:
1. a. Resetting your Mac's PRAM and NVRAM
    b. Intel-based Macs: Resetting the System Management Controller (SMC)
2. Restart the computer in Safe Mode, then restart again, normally. If this doesn't help, then:
     Boot to the Recovery HD: Restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the
     COMMAND and R keys until the Utilities menu screen appears. Alternatively, restart the
     computer and after the chime press and hold down the OPTION key until the boot manager
     screen appears. Select the Recovery HD and click on the downward pointing arrow button.
3. Repair the Hard Drive and Permissions: Upon startup select Disk Utility from the Utilities menu. Repair the Hard Drive and Permissions as follows.
When the recovery menu appears select Disk Utility. After DU loads select your hard drive entry (mfgr.'s ID and drive size) from the the left side list.  In the DU status area you will see an entry for the S.M.A.R.T. status of the hard drive.  If it does not say "Verified" then the hard drive is failing or failed. (SMART status is not reported on external Firewire or USB drives.) If the drive is "Verified" then select your OS X volume from the list on the left (sub-entry below the drive entry,) click on the First Aid tab, then click on the Repair Disk button. If DU reports any errors that have been fixed, then re-run Repair Disk until no errors are reported. If no errors are reported click on the Repair Permissions button. Wait until the operation completes, then quit DU and return to the main menu. Select Restart from the Apple menu.
     Reinstall the 10.9.4 update: OS X Mavericks 10.9.4 Update (Combo).
4. Reinstall Lion/Mountain Lion, Mavericks: Reboot from the Recovery HD. Select Reinstall Lion/Mountain Lion, Mavericks from the Utilities menu, and click on the Continue button.
Note: You will need an active Internet connection. I suggest using Ethernet if possible because it is three times faster than wireless.
     Reinstall the 10.9.4 update: OS X Mavericks 10.9.4 Update (Combo).