Normal traffic into DSCP EF
Hi,
i know dscp EF is for voice, can i config some traffic which behavior like normal data traffic(characteristic not like voice),but it is very important, something like air traffic monitor data.
a flight send data to central computer. The data is dynamic,real time. it's high priority,can't allow losing. this data is base TCP/udp. not like voice,it is not sensitive for delay and jitter, but can't allow loosing and should be transfered to central computer in time.
can i put this data into LLQ ,dscp EF,mpls EXP 5. data is transfered in mpls vpn network.
is there any problem.
Thank you!
Tom
QoS should be used to create separation between traffic classes and used as a tool to get better awareness and control of your traffic flows. yes you can this data into LLQ ,dscp EF,mpls and this can be work fine.
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Pix won't put certain traffic into VPN
Hi there,
I'm having a problem with a VPN from a Pix 6.3 to a Cisco 6500. We have several VPNs already configured the same way terminating on the 6500 which work fine. One in particular is virtually identical and is working from another Pix (though this is version 7) to the 6500, with exactly the same access lists identifying traffic to be encrypted. The Pix that now currently has the problem was working fine a week ago and nothing has changed in the configuration on either this or the 6500. It doesn't make sense to me. I've rebooted the Pix several times and I've also rebooted the 6500 but still to no avail. The problem is this, the Pix has on its inside interface the network 10.162.32.0/24. All traffic from this to the 10.0.0.0/8 and the 172.19.229.0/24 networks should be put into the tunnel. What is now happening is that the Pix is putting everything for the 10.0.0.0/8 network into the tunnel but ignoring the traffic for the 172.19.229.0/24 network. Here is output of a 'show crypto ipsec sa' from the Pix for that network. Notice that the traffic for the 172 network gives the error message '#pkts no sa (send) 90'which increments every time a packet is sent, no traffic for it is put into the tunnel:
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.162.32.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.19.229.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
current_peer: 10.211.18.250:0
PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
#pkts encaps: 0, #pkts encrypt: 0, #pkts digest 0
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify 0
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
#pkts no sa (send) 90, #pkts invalid sa (rcv) 0
#pkts encaps failed (send) 0, #pkts decaps failed (rcv) 0
#pkts invalid prot (recv) 0, #pkts verify failed: 0
#pkts invalid identity (recv) 0, #pkts invalid len (rcv) 0
#pkts replay rollover (send): 0, #pkts replay rollover (rcv) 0
##pkts replay failed (rcv): 0
#pkts internal err (send): 0, #pkts internal err (recv) 0
local crypto endpt.: 10.40.162.249, remote crypto endpt.: 10.211.18.250
path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 0, media mtu 1500
current outbound spi: 0
inbound esp sas:
inbound ah sas:
inbound pcp sas:
outbound esp sas:
outbound ah sas:
outbound pcp sas:
It looks like it just refuses to form an IPSec SA for the 172.19.229.0/24 network. Here are the relevant parts of the configs for the Pix then the 6500. Like I say it used to work a week ago, nothing has changed that I can see (and I've been through the configurations with a fine tooth comb:
Pix
access-list nonat permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
access-list nonat permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 172.19.229.0 255.255.255.0
access-list traffic_out permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
access-list traffic_out permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 172.19.229.0 255.255.255.0
global (outside) 1 interface
nat (inside) 0 access-list nonat
nat (inside) 1 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 0 0
6500
crypto map Metronet 68 ipsec-isakmp
description Access to RemotePix2
set peer 10.40.162.249
set transform-set Strong Medium Weak data_only
match address RemotePix2_Access
crypto map Metronet 70 ipsec-isakmp
ip access-list extended RemotePix2_Access
permit ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 10.162.32.0 0.0.0.255
permit ip 172.19.229.0 0.0.0.255 10.162.32.0 0.0.0.255
Please can anybody help? I don't think I've overlooked anything and I've had someone else check the configs too and they can't see why it would refuse to put the 172 network into the tunnel.
Thanks
Pete.Andy the IKE tunnel is up and all traffic destined for the 10.0.0.0 network is getting put into it. It just won't put traffic for the 172.19.229.0 netowrk into the tunnel. Here's the crypto and ike statements. I know it would suggest an access list mismatch but as you can see that's not the case. Yes both devices have been rebooted and the IKE and IPSec associations cleared several times too.
Pix
access-list nonat permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
access-list nonat permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 172.19.229.0 255.255.255.0
access-list traffic_out permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
access-list traffic_out permit ip 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 172.19.229.0 255.255.255.0
global (outside) 1 interface
nat (inside) 0 access-list nonat
nat (inside) 1 10.162.32.0 255.255.255.0 0 0
crypto ipsec transform-set Strong esp-des esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set Medium esp-des esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set Weak esp-null esp-md5-hmac
crypto ipsec transform-set Data_only esp-des
crypto map MyMap 5 ipsec-isakmp
crypto map MyMap 5 match address traffic_out
crypto map MyMap 5 set peer 10.211.18.250
crypto map MyMap 5 set transform-set Medium
crypto map MyMap interface outside
isakmp enable outside
isakmp key ******** address 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0
isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share
isakmp policy 1 encryption des
isakmp policy 1 hash md5
isakmp policy 1 group 1
isakmp policy 1 lifetime 86400
isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share
isakmp policy 10 encryption des
isakmp policy 10 hash md5
isakmp policy 10 group 2
isakmp policy 10 lifetime 86400
6500
crypto map Metronet 68 ipsec-isakmp
description Access to RemotePix2
set peer 10.40.162.249
set transform-set Strong Medium Weak data_only
match address RemotePix2_Access
crypto map Metronet 70 ipsec-isakmp
ip access-list extended RemotePix2_Access
permit ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 10.162.32.0 0.0.0.255
permit ip 172.19.229.0 0.0.0.255 10.162.32.0 0.0.0.255
Thanks
Pete. -
RSPAN does not put IPv6 multicast traffic into port
Hi.
There is two switches in the equation:
WS-C2960-24TT-L 12.2(55)SE5 C2960-LANBASEK9-M
and stack of
Switch Ports Model SW Version SW Image
1 12 WS-C3750G-12S 12.2(55)SE8 C3750-IPSERVICESK9-M
2 12 WS-C3750G-12S 12.2(55)SE8 C3750-IPSERVICESK9-M
* 3 24 WS-C3750G-24T 12.2(55)SE8 C3750-IPSERVICESK9-M
3 is a master
There is VTP domain with pruning off and RSPAN VLAN 1001
core#sho vlan remote-span
Remote SPAN VLANs
1001
there is RSPAN session on first:
#sho monitor session 1
Session 1
Type : Remote Source Session
Source Ports :
Both : Fa0/11
Dest RSPAN VLAN : 1001
Port Fa0/11 is in access mode, VLAN 303
and on second:
core#sho monitor session 1
Session 1
Type : Remote Destination Session
Source RSPAN VLAN : 1001
Destination Ports : Gi3/0/2
Encapsulation : Native
Ingress : Disabled
Problem is that i can't see any IPv6 multicast traffic (like ICMPv6 RA or such) on Gi3/0/2 which is absolutely sure there, because if i remove monitoring session on core switch and put Gi3/0/2 into trunk mode, i can see packets i need in vlan 1001:
# tcpdump -s0 -nnvei eth1 vlan 1001 and ip6
tcpdump: WARNING: eth1: no IPv4 address assigned
tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
14:17:37.059045 50:57:a8:f0:72:1b > 33:33:ff:00:00:01, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 90: vlan 1001, p 0, ethertype IPv6, (class 0xe0, hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 32) 2abc:abc:1:600b::2 > ff02::1:ff00:1: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, neighbor solicitation, length 32, who has 2abc:abc:1:600b::1
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): 50:57:a8:f0:72:1b
14:17:38.083266 50:57:a8:f0:72:1b > 33:33:ff:00:00:01, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 90: vlan 1001, p 0, ethertype IPv6, (class 0xe0, hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 32) 2abc:abc:1:600b::2 > ff02::1:ff00:1: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, neighbor solicitation, length 32, who has 2abc:abc:1:600b::1
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): 50:57:a8:f0:72:1b
14:17:39.107068 50:57:a8:f0:72:1b > 33:33:ff:00:00:01, ethertype 802.1Q (0x8100), length 90: vlan 1001, p 0, ethertype IPv6, (class 0xe0, hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 32) 2abc:abc:1:600b::2 > ff02::1:ff00:1: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, neighbor solicitation, length 32, who has 2abc:abc:1:600b::1
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): 50:57:a8:f0:72:1b
There is no such problem with usual unicast and broadcast traffic.
Any suggestions?Interestingly, i've found bug CSCsr64007 which i stubmbled upon on one of my switches during troubleshooting. The effect of this bug was that RSPAN took IPv6 multicast packets from unrelated VLANs and forwarded them into monitor port.
Looks like they have "fixed" it filtering IPv6 multicast completely. -
I have a string of arbitrary length - say, 1AB1C0 - in normal format. I would like to have a function which takes that string in, and outputs the same exact characters, but in hex format. So the input will read 1AB1C0 in normal string format, and the output will read 1AB1C0 in hex string format.
I am doing this because I have found the end device works better if I send the bytes as a hex string vs. as an array of U8. Furthermore, I manipulate a lot of byte streams in my program, and I find the string parsing tools less cumbersome to use vs. the byte array parsing tools - however, they only work on the strings as they appear in normal mode. So I have reasons in different parts of my program to have the string in normal vs. hex formats; but I cannot figure out any remotely elegant way to cast from one to the other.
Solved!
Go to Solution.CraigRem wrote:
So the input will read 1AB1C0 in normal string format, and the output will read 1AB1C0 in hex string format.
Well, you need to scan the hex formatted string two bytes at a time to an U8 numeric and then cast it back to a string. There are many ways to do that, here are two possibilities. (Mkae sure to use the correct representations as labeled).
(I still don't quite understand your reasoning why you need this).
LabVIEW Champion . Do more with less code and in less time .
Attachments:
NormalToHex1.png 12 KB -
HI ALL,
PLEASE HELP CONVERTING INTO PDF
I WANT TO CONVERT ITAB DATA INTO PDF FORMAT AND SAVE IT IN A FILE.Vandana,
Refer these links
http://www.sap-img.com/bc037.htm
http://www.members.tripod.com/abap4/Save_Report_Output_to_a_PDF_File.html
CONVERT_ABAPSPOOLJOB_2_PDF FM convert abap spool output to PDF
look report <b>RSTXPDFT4</b>
I think this is helpful
FM are used to convert pdf file and attachem.
CONVERT_ABAPSPOOLJOB_2_PDF
SO_DOCUMENT_SEND_API1
*& Report ZSPOOLTOPDF2 *
*& Converts spool request into PDF document and emails it to *
*& recipicant. *
*& Execution *
*& This program can be run in background or online and a spool request *
*& will still be created *
REPORT zspooltopdf2.
PARAMETER: p_email1 LIKE somlreci1-receiver
DEFAULT '[email protected]',
p_sender LIKE somlreci1-receiver
DEFAULT '[email protected]',
p_delspl AS CHECKBOX,
p_online no-display.
*DATA DECLARATION
DATA: gd_recsize TYPE i.
Spool IDs
TYPES: BEGIN OF t_tbtcp.
INCLUDE STRUCTURE tbtcp.
TYPES: END OF t_tbtcp.
DATA: it_tbtcp TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF t_tbtcp INITIAL SIZE 0,
wa_tbtcp TYPE t_tbtcp.
Job Runtime Parameters
DATA: gd_eventid LIKE tbtcm-eventid,
gd_eventparm LIKE tbtcm-eventparm,
gd_external_program_active LIKE tbtcm-xpgactive,
gd_jobcount LIKE tbtcm-jobcount,
gd_jobname LIKE tbtcm-jobname,
gd_stepcount LIKE tbtcm-stepcount,
gd_error TYPE sy-subrc,
gd_reciever TYPE sy-subrc.
DATA: w_recsize TYPE i,
w_spool_nr like sy-spono.
%_print LIKE pri_params.
DATA: gd_subject LIKE sodocchgi1-obj_descr,
it_mess_bod LIKE solisti1 OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE,
it_mess_att LIKE solisti1 OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE,
gd_sender_type LIKE soextreci1-adr_typ,
gd_attachment_desc TYPE so_obj_nam,
gd_attachment_name TYPE so_obj_des.
Spool to PDF conversions
DATA: gd_spool_nr LIKE tsp01-rqident,
gd_destination LIKE rlgrap-filename,
gd_bytecount LIKE tst01-dsize,
gd_buffer TYPE string.
Binary store for PDF
DATA: BEGIN OF it_pdf_output OCCURS 0.
INCLUDE STRUCTURE tline.
DATA: END OF it_pdf_output.
CONSTANTS: c_dev LIKE sy-sysid VALUE 'DEV',
c_no(1) TYPE c VALUE ' ',
c_device(4) TYPE c VALUE 'LOCL'.
*START-OF-SELECTION.
START-OF-SELECTION.
Write statement to represent report output. Spool request is created
if write statement is executed in background. This could also be an
ALV grid which would be converted to PDF without any extra effort
WRITE 'Hello World'.
new-page.
commit work.
new-page print off.
If p_online = 'X'.
Processing performed when program calls itself when run online
gd_spool_nr = sy-spono.
EXPORT gd_spool_nr TO MEMORY ID 'SPOOLTOPDF'.
EXIT.
endif.
IF sy-batch EQ 'X'.
PERFORM get_job_details.
PERFORM obtain_spool_id.
ELSE.
gd_spool_nr = sy-spono.
If executed online, it submits a program to perform the write statements
instructing it to create a spool request, this could be another program
which just performs the write statements and then exports sy-spono
to memory. But in this example it calls itself passing X to parameter
p_online, which takes it down an alternative procesing path.
submit ZSPOOLTOPDF2
with p_online = 'X'
to sap-spool
spool parameters %_print
archive parameters %_print
without spool dynpro
and return.
ENDIF.
Get spool id from program called above
IMPORT gd_spool_nr FROM MEMORY ID 'SPOOLTOPDF'.
PERFORM convert_spool_to_pdf.
PERFORM process_email.
if p_delspl EQ 'X'.
PERFORM delete_spool.
endif.
IF sy-sysid = c_dev.
wait up to 5 seconds.
SUBMIT rsconn01 WITH mode = 'INT'
WITH output = 'X'
AND RETURN.
ENDIF.
FORM obtain_spool_id *
FORM obtain_spool_id.
CHECK NOT ( gd_jobname IS INITIAL ).
CHECK NOT ( gd_jobcount IS INITIAL ).
SELECT * FROM tbtcp
INTO TABLE it_tbtcp
WHERE jobname = gd_jobname
AND jobcount = gd_jobcount
AND stepcount = gd_stepcount
AND listident <> '0000000000'
ORDER BY jobname
jobcount
stepcount.
READ TABLE it_tbtcp INTO wa_tbtcp INDEX 1.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
message s004(zdd) with gd_spool_nr.
gd_spool_nr = wa_tbtcp-listident.
MESSAGE s004(zdd) WITH gd_spool_nr.
ELSE.
MESSAGE s005(zdd).
ENDIF.
ENDFORM.
FORM get_job_details *
FORM get_job_details.
Get current job details
CALL FUNCTION 'GET_JOB_RUNTIME_INFO'
IMPORTING
eventid = gd_eventid
eventparm = gd_eventparm
external_program_active = gd_external_program_active
jobcount = gd_jobcount
jobname = gd_jobname
stepcount = gd_stepcount
EXCEPTIONS
no_runtime_info = 1
OTHERS = 2.
ENDFORM.
FORM convert_spool_to_pdf *
FORM convert_spool_to_pdf.
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_ABAPSPOOLJOB_2_PDF'
EXPORTING
src_spoolid = gd_spool_nr
no_dialog = c_no
dst_device = c_device
IMPORTING
pdf_bytecount = gd_bytecount
TABLES
pdf = it_pdf_output
EXCEPTIONS
err_no_abap_spooljob = 1
err_no_spooljob = 2
err_no_permission = 3
err_conv_not_possible = 4
err_bad_destdevice = 5
user_cancelled = 6
err_spoolerror = 7
err_temseerror = 8
err_btcjob_open_failed = 9
err_btcjob_submit_failed = 10
err_btcjob_close_failed = 11
OTHERS = 12.
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
Transfer the 132-long strings to 255-long strings
LOOP AT it_pdf_output.
TRANSLATE it_pdf_output USING ' ~'.
CONCATENATE gd_buffer it_pdf_output INTO gd_buffer.
ENDLOOP.
TRANSLATE gd_buffer USING '~ '.
DO.
it_mess_att = gd_buffer.
APPEND it_mess_att.
SHIFT gd_buffer LEFT BY 255 PLACES.
IF gd_buffer IS INITIAL.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
ENDDO.
ENDFORM.
FORM process_email *
FORM process_email.
DESCRIBE TABLE it_mess_att LINES gd_recsize.
CHECK gd_recsize > 0.
PERFORM send_email USING p_email1.
perform send_email using p_email2.
ENDFORM.
FORM send_email *
--> p_email *
FORM send_email USING p_email.
CHECK NOT ( p_email IS INITIAL ).
REFRESH it_mess_bod.
Default subject matter
gd_subject = 'Subject'.
gd_attachment_desc = 'Attachname'.
CONCATENATE 'attach_name' ' ' INTO gd_attachment_name.
it_mess_bod = 'Message Body text, line 1'.
APPEND it_mess_bod.
it_mess_bod = 'Message Body text, line 2...'.
APPEND it_mess_bod.
If no sender specified - default blank
IF p_sender EQ space.
gd_sender_type = space.
ELSE.
gd_sender_type = 'INT'.
ENDIF.
Send file by email as .xls speadsheet
PERFORM send_file_as_email_attachment
tables it_mess_bod
it_mess_att
using p_email
'Example .xls documnet attachment'
'PDF'
gd_attachment_name
gd_attachment_desc
p_sender
gd_sender_type
changing gd_error
gd_reciever.
ENDFORM.
FORM delete_spool *
FORM delete_spool.
DATA: ld_spool_nr TYPE tsp01_sp0r-rqid_char.
ld_spool_nr = gd_spool_nr.
CHECK p_delspl <> c_no.
CALL FUNCTION 'RSPO_R_RDELETE_SPOOLREQ'
EXPORTING
spoolid = ld_spool_nr.
ENDFORM.
*& Form SEND_FILE_AS_EMAIL_ATTACHMENT
Send email
FORM send_file_as_email_attachment tables it_message
it_attach
using p_email
p_mtitle
p_format
p_filename
p_attdescription
p_sender_address
p_sender_addres_type
changing p_error
p_reciever.
DATA: ld_error TYPE sy-subrc,
ld_reciever TYPE sy-subrc,
ld_mtitle LIKE sodocchgi1-obj_descr,
ld_email LIKE somlreci1-receiver,
ld_format TYPE so_obj_tp ,
ld_attdescription TYPE so_obj_nam ,
ld_attfilename TYPE so_obj_des ,
ld_sender_address LIKE soextreci1-receiver,
ld_sender_address_type LIKE soextreci1-adr_typ,
ld_receiver LIKE sy-subrc.
data: t_packing_list like sopcklsti1 occurs 0 with header line,
t_contents like solisti1 occurs 0 with header line,
t_receivers like somlreci1 occurs 0 with header line,
t_attachment like solisti1 occurs 0 with header line,
t_object_header like solisti1 occurs 0 with header line,
w_cnt type i,
w_sent_all(1) type c,
w_doc_data like sodocchgi1.
ld_email = p_email.
ld_mtitle = p_mtitle.
ld_format = p_format.
ld_attdescription = p_attdescription.
ld_attfilename = p_filename.
ld_sender_address = p_sender_address.
ld_sender_address_type = p_sender_addres_type.
Fill the document data.
w_doc_data-doc_size = 1.
Populate the subject/generic message attributes
w_doc_data-obj_langu = sy-langu.
w_doc_data-obj_name = 'SAPRPT'.
w_doc_data-obj_descr = ld_mtitle .
w_doc_data-sensitivty = 'F'.
Fill the document data and get size of attachment
CLEAR w_doc_data.
READ TABLE it_attach INDEX w_cnt.
w_doc_data-doc_size =
( w_cnt - 1 ) * 255 + STRLEN( it_attach ).
w_doc_data-obj_langu = sy-langu.
w_doc_data-obj_name = 'SAPRPT'.
w_doc_data-obj_descr = ld_mtitle.
w_doc_data-sensitivty = 'F'.
CLEAR t_attachment.
REFRESH t_attachment.
t_attachment[] = it_attach[].
Describe the body of the message
CLEAR t_packing_list.
REFRESH t_packing_list.
t_packing_list-transf_bin = space.
t_packing_list-head_start = 1.
t_packing_list-head_num = 0.
t_packing_list-body_start = 1.
DESCRIBE TABLE it_message LINES t_packing_list-body_num.
t_packing_list-doc_type = 'RAW'.
APPEND t_packing_list.
Create attachment notification
t_packing_list-transf_bin = 'X'.
t_packing_list-head_start = 1.
t_packing_list-head_num = 1.
t_packing_list-body_start = 1.
DESCRIBE TABLE t_attachment LINES t_packing_list-body_num.
t_packing_list-doc_type = ld_format.
t_packing_list-obj_descr = ld_attdescription.
t_packing_list-obj_name = ld_attfilename.
t_packing_list-doc_size = t_packing_list-body_num * 255.
APPEND t_packing_list.
Add the recipients email address
CLEAR t_receivers.
REFRESH t_receivers.
t_receivers-receiver = ld_email.
t_receivers-rec_type = 'U'.
t_receivers-com_type = 'INT'.
t_receivers-notif_del = 'X'.
t_receivers-notif_ndel = 'X'.
APPEND t_receivers.
CALL FUNCTION 'SO_DOCUMENT_SEND_API1'
EXPORTING
document_data = w_doc_data
put_in_outbox = 'X'
sender_address = ld_sender_address
sender_address_type = ld_sender_address_type
commit_work = 'X'
IMPORTING
sent_to_all = w_sent_all
TABLES
packing_list = t_packing_list
contents_bin = t_attachment
contents_txt = it_message
receivers = t_receivers
EXCEPTIONS
too_many_receivers = 1
document_not_sent = 2
document_type_not_exist = 3
operation_no_authorization = 4
parameter_error = 5
x_error = 6
enqueue_error = 7
OTHERS = 8.
Populate zerror return code
ld_error = sy-subrc.
Populate zreceiver return code
LOOP AT t_receivers.
ld_receiver = t_receivers-retrn_code.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.
some more links
Convert Report Program to PDF file
~~Guduri -
I'm sure you heard this before. but the Army website AKO ( us.army.mil) acts like a complete demon on firefox which is unfortunate because i love firefox and use AKO ..ALOT! every link on every page asks for certificates and some will not allow you to enter and just assume that its "untrusted". trust me they're nothing more than pages i NEED to visit. this page will not allow me to enter a screenshot which i have of a link simply not even allowing me to bypass security. plase help i do not wish to ever click on IE because it is quite terrible. thanks - Andrew
You need to install the DoD certificates.
*http://militarycac.com/dodcerts.htm -
Traffic Classification in GSM MPLS Backbone
Hi Experts,
can anyone share how traffic classification is done in the backbone of a 3G GSM operator? I mean, how we should map voice, Gn, Gi, etc. traffic into DSCP? Or maybe can anyone point me to a document that can be reference for this?
Thanks,
PrimaTypically your provider should provide you with the provisioning of the queues that they have, and what DSCP values they want to see for each of the queues. Generally speaking, for MPLS, you use:
EF - real time traffic (voice media)
AF31 - voice control
AF41 - video -
QoS - Why DSCP AF-41 for Video
Guys,
I wanted to ask the forum one question why DSCP AF-41 marking is used for Video. I know Cisco designed and recommedded it in that way, but is there any other technical reason behind it?
Cheers,
SugataHi Sugata,
Firstly as you may know already, traffic marking are done to classify traffic into different classes according to the priority so that they are meted with a different behaviour. It ensures smaller and critical traffic does not get stuck behind bulkier traffic which may not need priority.
Among the real time traffic, audio is the most critical. The Cisco recommended markings are according to the priority of the traffic type. Voice has a higher priority than video. Video is further separated into two categories - Interactive (Video conferencing etc.) and Streaming (playing a unicast or multicast video). The order of priority and reason for that is below:
1) Audio - Voice traffic is very sensitive to packet loss, latency. It requires no packet loss and latency of about 150 ms.
2) Interactive Video - Sensitive but can tolerate packet loss of about 1% and latency almost same as voice
3) Streaming Video - Less sensitive - can tolerate about 4-5% packet loss and latency of about 4-5 seconds
So it’s a general guideline\standard from Cisco to mark voice with a dscp 46 or ef, Interactive video 34 or af41, Streaming video as dscp 32 or cs4. Since this is Cisco recommended best practise, Cisco's most UC apps by default mark the traffic like this.
You can change it but strongly not advised unless you have a very good reason. Another reason not to change is some of the auto templates etc. you can normally use at access level catalyst switches use these markings, which otherwise you will have to manually change the mappings etc.
Hope this clarifies - if you have any further questions please feel free to ask.
Terry -
Qos for H323 Video tele conference traffic
Hi All,
I am using Tandberg video equipment(bridge MPS200, endpoint MPX2000, MPX6000). My WAN routers are Cisco 2800/3800 connecting to MPLS network.
Jitters are between 4ms - 20ms. Picture quality is not very good when I use the bridge calls out to 8 endpoints at 384Kbps.
would you put audio and video traffic into the same class and mark it as EF, or seperate them with marking RTP audio as EF and RTP video = Ip precedence 4?
thanks
PHJust for the record
The Cisco Enterprise QoS SRND reccomends putting Video AF41 in the PQ.
1st ref 3-12
policy-map WAN-EDGE
class Voice
priority percent 18 ! Voice gets 552 kbps of LLQ
class Interactive Video
priority percent 15 ! 384 kbps IP/VC needs 460 kbps of LLQ
class Call Signaling
bandwidth percent 5 ! BW guarantee for Call-Signaling
class Network Control
bandwidth percent 5 ! Routing and Network Management get min 5% BW
class Critical Data
bandwidth percent 27 ! Critical Data gets min 27% BW
random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-WRED for Critical-Data class
class Bulk Data
bandwidth percent 4 ! Bulk Data gets min 4% BW guarantee
www.cisco.com/go/srnd
When provisioning for Interactive Video (IP Videoconferencing) traffic, the following guidelines are
recommended:
? Interactive Video traffic should be marked to DSCP AF41; excess Interactive-Video traffic can be
marked down by a policer to AF42 or AF43.
? Loss should be no more than 1 %.
? One-way Latency should be no more than 150 ms.
? Jitter should be no more than 30 ms.
? Overprovision Interactive Video queues by 20% to accommodate bursts
Because IP Videoconferencing (IP/VC) includes a G.711 audio codec for voice, it has the same loss,
delay, and delay variation requirements as voice, but the traffic patterns of videoconferencing are
radically different from voice.
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