Once and for all: How to set up and use SSH

Yes, I know ssh has been discussed on and off, but never in its entirety; and yes, there are step by step instructions on the www, but at one point or another they skip a crucial instruction that would be necessary for unix-dummies (e.g. how to save and close the nano-editor in Terminal). So, please pardon my question:
There are several points I'd like to ask for ssh-connecting two macs on a local network:
1) In terminal-file-"connect to server" you can ask for an ssh connection to be set up. For this to work, do I need to create private and public keys first? If so, how? Please point me to a reliable and step-by-step instruction site.
There are some free ssh-utilities out there, but their documentation is just not helpful enough for a UNIX-dummy.
2) Apparently I managed to connect via ssh once (from the terminal, see point 1) to a local server (allowing remote connection set to ON at the server). But then, when I connected to that server from the client's finder and tried to get into my user account on that server it told me that no secure connection could be established. What's wrong here? Do I have to continue working from within the terminal to use this connection? That would be difficult for an average MacUser.
3) What is the security advantage of an SSH connection on a local wireless network (Airport Base Station) over WPA2, if at all?
4) And how to set up an ssh-connection over the internet cloud to safely build a remote control/desktop sharing connection, e.g., a friend's Mac when she has a problem?
Thanks for your consideration.

First I'm not sure what your goals are.
1) In terminal-file-"connect to server" you can ask for an ssh connection to be set up. For this to work, do I need to create private and public keys first?
If you have ssh keys, you can do this without passwords. If you have not exchanged keys with the remote system, you will be asked for the password of the user you are attempting to login as.
If so, how? Please point me to a reliable and step-by-step instruction site. There are some free ssh-utilities out there, but their documentation is just not helpful enough for a UNIX-dummy.
Log into the remote system. This could be via ssh.
On the remote system, run the following command to generate an ssh key for that remote system:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa): <<take default>>
Created directory '/Users/username/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <<enter nothing>>
Enter same passphrase again: <<enter nothing again>>
Your identification has been saved in /Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff:gg:hh:ii:jj:kk:ll:mm:nn:oo:pp [email protected]
This will generate an ssh key for the remote system. This could be any system that support ssh, such as a Unix system, or another Mac.
Copy the id_rsa.pub file from the remote system to your Mac. When I say "your Mac" I mean the one that you want to make the ssh connection from. The id_rsa.pub is found in the remote system's ~username/.ssh/ directory.
Append the copied id_rsa.pub to your Mac's ~himbear/.ssh/authorized_keys2 file
cat id_rsa.pub >>~himbear/.ssh/authorized_keys2
Now when you ssh to that specific remote system, it will NOT ask for a password. The first time you ssh to any system, ssh will ask if the system is really the system you thing it is. But once you say "yes", it will not ask that question again.
Repeat for every remote system you wish to log into using an ssh key.
2) Apparently I managed to connect via ssh once (from the terminal, see point 1) to a local server (allowing remote connection set to ON at the server). But then, when I connected to that server from the client's finder and tried to get into my user account on that server it told me that no secure connection could be established. What's wrong here? Do I have to continue working from within the terminal to use this connection? That would be difficult for an average MacUser.
MacUser. A flash from the past, as in the MacUser magazine.
ssh is not used by default when you make connections. If you want an ssh connection, you have to establish it intentionally.
ssh can be used to pre-establish a tunnel (or tunnels) that other services can use. Once an ssh tunnel is establish, connections to local host's tunnel port will be connected to the specified remote port. For example:
ssh -L 5901:localhost:5900 [email protected]
will establish a tunnel that VNC can use. The VNC client would connect to localhost display 1 or port 5901.
ssh allows multiple -L tunnels to be specified on the ssh command line.
3) What is the security advantage of an SSH connection on a local wireless network (Airport Base Station) over WPA2, if at all?
Inside you home. Not much. Unless of course you do not trust the other members of your family. That is to say, others having your WPA2 password, and are thus on the inside, and can sniff you packets.
4) And how to set up an ssh-connection over the internet cloud to safely build a remote control/desktop sharing connection, e.g., a friend's Mac when she has a problem?
If you are using the Mac OS X Leopard built-in *Screen Sharing* and you are connecting to another Mac's built-in Leopard System Preferences -> Sharing -> Remote Management (Tiger's Apple Remote Desktop), then in the *Screen Sharing* preferences, is an "Encrypt all network data" option.
If you wish to set this option in advance, you can launch *Screen Sharing* by double clicking on System -> Library -> CoreServices -> Screen Sharing.app
You can *Screen Sharing* connections over the net using iChat. This is one of the easiest ways to take control of their system. Of course they need to cooperate. I use a Free AOL Instant Messager (AIM) account for my iChat connections. And as a side benefit you can text, audio chat and/or video chat with the person at the other end.
If you are NOT using the build-in Mac OS X *Screen Sharing* and/or you are NOT using the build-in remote Mac OS X remote management server, then this is a situation where an ssh tunnel would be a very good idea.
However, setting up an ssh tunnel between 2 systems across the internet gets complex.
In this case you might want to consider using something like LogMeIn.com which will deal with all those nasty home routers without needing to to do nasty router configurations, and it will be a secure connection. LogMeIn.com will not be as fast as a *Screen Sharing* connection or a VNC connection, but it will be secure and easy to establish. Again, this is only if you can not to Mac to Mac *Screen Sharing* using built-in Mac OS X remote desktop.
Now if you want to roll your own ssh tunnels for VNC, then I'm just going to outline the things you need to do.
If the remote system is behind a home router, you need to configure that remote home router to "Port Forward" port 22 on the Internet side to port 22 on the target Mac. Bonus points if the internet side using a high number port to discourge net bots from knocking on your door. Use the ssh -p 12345 option to connect to the high numbered port that is forwarded to port 22 of the destination Mac.
On the remote Mac you need to run a VNC server. If this is a Mac, then Leopard System Preferences -> Sharing -> Remote Management (Tiger's Apple Remote Desktop). If it is not a Mac, then for Windows, TightVNC, UltraVNC, RealVNC are possible options. Linux has a built-in vncserver, or you can install x11vnc which has the advantage of displaying the desktop screen.
Once you can access the remote system, you use an ssh command like the following:
ssh -p 12345 -L 5901:localhost:5900 remote.system.address
You can get the remote system's address by having the remote system surf over to http://whatismyip.com. Then they can tell you the IP address.
If you are going to be doing this a lot, you can get a free no-ip.com or dyndns.org dynamic DNS name for the remote system, and the remote system can run a dynamic DNS client (available from no-ip.com or dyndns.org) which will keep the dynamic DNS name updated as the remote person's ISP change's their IP address.
Finally, now that you have an ssh tunnel for VNC traffic, you have your VNC client connect to
Address: localhost
Port: 5901
Depending on your VNC client you may need to specify Display 1 instead of Port 5901. Or if you do not get a Display or Port option you specify localhost:5901

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The terms of service of the Apple Support Communities prevent us from helping anyone with a jailbroken phone.
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How to set proxy authentication using java properties at run time

Hi All,
How to set proxy authentication using java properties on the command line, or in Netbeans (Project => Properties
=> Run => Arguments). Below is a simple URL data extract program which works in absence of firewall:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy {
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      URL u;
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      String s;
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         System.out.println("Oops- an IOException happened.");
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         System.exit(1);
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cd C:\Documents and Settings\abc\DnldURL\build\classes
java -cp . DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy
Oops- an IOException happened.
java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.doConnect(PlainSocketImpl.java:305)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(PlainSocketImpl.java:171)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:158)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:452)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:402)
at sun.net.NetworkClient.doConnect(NetworkClient.java:139)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:402)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:618)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.<init>(HttpClient.java:306)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.<init>(HttpClient.java:267)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:339)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:320)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:315)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.plainConnect(HttpURLConnection.java:510)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.connect(HttpURLConnection.java:487)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:615) at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:913) at DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.main(DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.java:17)
I have also tried the command without much luck either:
java -cp . -Dhttp.proxyHost=wwwproxy -Dhttp.proxyPort=80 DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy
Oops- an IOException happened.
java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response code: 407 for URL: http://www.yahoo.com.au/index.html
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1245) at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1009) at DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.main(DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.java:17)
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There is no problem pinging www.yahoo.com from this system.
I am running jdk1.6.0_03, Netbeans 6.0 on Windows XP platform.
I have tried Greg Sporar's Blog on setting the JVM option in Sun Java System Application Server (GlassFish) and
Java Control Panel - Use browser settings without success.
Thanks,
George

Hi All,
How to set proxy authentication using java properties on the command line, or in Netbeans (Project => Properties
=> Run => Arguments). Below is a simple URL data extract program which works in absence of firewall:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy {
   public static void main (String[] args) {
      URL u;
      InputStream is = null;
      DataInputStream dis;
      String s;
      try {
          u = new URL("http://www.yahoo.com.au/index.html");
         is = u.openStream();         // throws an IOException
         dis = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(is));
         BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(dis));
      String strLine;
      //Read File Line By Line
      while ((strLine = br.readLine()) != null)      {
      // Print the content on the console
          System.out.println (strLine);
      //Close the input stream
      dis.close();
      } catch (MalformedURLException mue) {
         System.out.println("Ouch - a MalformedURLException happened.");
         mue.printStackTrace();
         System.exit(1);
      } catch (IOException ioe) {
         System.out.println("Oops- an IOException happened.");
         ioe.printStackTrace();
         System.exit(1);
      } finally {
         try {
            is.close();
         } catch (IOException ioe) {
}However, it generated the following message when run behind the firewall:
cd C:\Documents and Settings\abc\DnldURL\build\classes
java -cp . DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy
Oops- an IOException happened.
java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.doConnect(PlainSocketImpl.java:305)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(PlainSocketImpl.java:171)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:158)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:452)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:402)
at sun.net.NetworkClient.doConnect(NetworkClient.java:139)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:402)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:618)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.<init>(HttpClient.java:306)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.<init>(HttpClient.java:267)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:339)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:320)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:315)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.plainConnect(HttpURLConnection.java:510)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.connect(HttpURLConnection.java:487)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:615) at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:913) at DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.main(DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.java:17)
I have also tried the command without much luck either:
java -cp . -Dhttp.proxyHost=wwwproxy -Dhttp.proxyPort=80 DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy
Oops- an IOException happened.
java.io.IOException: Server returned HTTP response code: 407 for URL: http://www.yahoo.com.au/index.html
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1245) at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1009) at DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.main(DnldURLWithoutUsingProxy.java:17)
All outgoing traffic needs to use the proxy wwwproxy (alias to http://proxypac/proxy.pac) on port 80, where it will prompt for valid authentication before allowing to get through.
There is no problem pinging www.yahoo.com from this system.
I am running jdk1.6.0_03, Netbeans 6.0 on Windows XP platform.
I have tried Greg Sporar's Blog on setting the JVM option in Sun Java System Application Server (GlassFish) and
Java Control Panel - Use browser settings without success.
Thanks,
George

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Gateway E-2000 Windows XP

I think the problem lays with Last.fm. I had the same exact problem as you. In your processes screen, end the task "lastfmhelper.exe" Last.fm still scrobbles. The tracks don't skip, although I notice there is still a bit of a lag in the first part of the song - but if you can deal with that, no skipping. I think you will have to end that task everytime you boot up your computer, or uninstall last.fm completely until they fix it; it is a bug in their software, as opposed to iTunes.

Once and for All ---- Please

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faultString:'Send Failed'
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code = NetConnection.Call.Failed"
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details = "
http://www.MYDOMIAN.com/flex2gateway/"
level = "error"
So I have read the DOCs and read all the blogs I can find on
the subject but no one can clearly answer as to why I can not make
this work on a Shared Server if I can make it work on my local box,
Heck I can even tap into the MySQL database on the Shared Server
via the Flex builder. I use HostMySite.com with the CF package if
that helps.
If it is just a matter of something on my hosts end I need
them to configure for me that would be nice to know, or if I simply
can't use Flex and CF together on a Shared Server all together.
That would be nice to know. But for all the hype Flex is getting
and how easy it supposed to be to create an app with CF, I am
wondering why someone can not answer this question once and for
all. I know others have posted to this and many other forums asking
the same things I am. Is it too much to ask one of the Flex Gurru's
of Adobe, or anywhere else for that matter to help us out?
Not everyones wants to run their own server and I would think
that Adobe would have kept that in mind when creating Flex, and how
it would run on shared servers.
So please if anyone can help understand this please let me
know.
Thanks

Halodev / Peter,
I was JUST about to ask the same question. The problem I was
having was migrating a Flex app created on my local machine,
connecting with my local CF app, to a test (model of production)
server.
I knew the following:
1) The flex app worked as expected
2) The data was not an issue, as I mapped a datasource to my
production DB
My main concern was getting the Flex app to work on the test
server, but my biggest issue was the fact that the setup of my
local and test servers are different. Example, I have a single
instance locally, running off localhost. On my test server, I have
multiple JRUN instances on the D-drive (as opposed to the c-drive,
locally).
From this post, I figured out that I needed to change the
project properties to account for the different location of the
flex-config file. I right clicked on the project and selected
properties, and altered the values in the "Flex Compiler" and "Flex
Server" sections to reflect the TEST server locations of the
flex-config file.
Now, to make life hard on myself, the "d" drive on my laptop
is the CD ROM, and when I tried to enter the path in FB, I got an
error saying that the path was invalid. I looked into partitioning
my drive, but I was warned off it by our tech guy here (besides, it
seemed too much like real work!). SO, I burned a CD with the proper
path, just as a temporary solution.
I re-built the app, and deployed ALL of the files in the
local projects "bin" directory. It worked, eventually, but there
are some questions I have, maybe, Peter, if you read this you could
help.
1) I had trouble with SSL - my test servers use them (as do
the production servers). The SWF started to load but I got a 403
error (that is SSL related, I believe). I'm not sure if that was
when it was loading, or trying to access the CFC. Any thoughts on
this? Are there known SSL issues?
2) The whole "D" drive thing was a pain. As I mentioned, I
have multpile JRUN instances on my Test (and Dev) server - one for
each site. If I created a single generic site on the c-drive, would
all sites that access flex be able to use that flex-config file, or
do they need to access the local file? I'm not really getting how
the flex services-config.xml file relates. Maybe I'll re-read your
posts in this thread.
3) Do I need to copy all the files from the bin directory, or
is that over-kill? What is the bare-minimum code I need to get the
Flex SWF to run? Could I just copy a sub-set of the HTML to a
content management system?
Any help with the above is appreciated.
I'm not sure if I answered the original question, or
contributed positively to this post - I hope I did, and that
someone will find this information useful in the future.
Cheers guys,
David

Once and for all - malware protection needed?

Can anyone tell me - once and for all - if I need to install malware/virus protection on my MacBook Pro and, if so, what is a legitimate and effective product? I have browsed other discussion threads on this topic and found that the responses tend to be obnoxious and argumentative. So, I would really appreciate only thoughtful, knowledgeable answers based on facts/data. Thank you so much for any guidance.

This comment applies to malicious software ("malware") that is installed unintentionally by the victim of the attack. It does not apply to potentially harmful software, such as keystroke loggers, that may be installed deliberately by an attacker who has hands-on access to the victim's computer. That threat is in a different category, and there's no easy way to defend against it. If you have reason to suspect that you're the target of such an attack, you need expert help.
OS X versions 10.6.7 and later have built-in detection of known Mac malware in downloaded files. The recognition database is automatically updated once a day; however, you shouldn't rely on it, because the attackers are always at least a day ahead of the defenders. In most cases, there’s no benefit from any other automated protection against malware.
The most effective defense against malware is your own intelligence. All known malware on the Internet that affects a fully-updated installation of OS X 10.6 or later takes the form of trojans, which can only work if the victim is duped into running them. If you're smarter than the malware attacker thinks you are, you won't be duped. That means, primarily, that you never install software from an untrustworthy source. How do you know a source is untrustworthy?
Any website that prompts you to install a “codec,” “plug-in,” or “certificate” that comes from that same site, or an unknown site, merely in order to use the site, is untrustworthy.
A web operator who tells you that you have a “virus,” or that anything else is wrong with your computer, or that you have won a prize in a contest you never entered, is trying to commit a crime with you as the victim.
“Cracked” copies of commercial software downloaded from a bittorrent are likely to be infected.
Software with a corporate brand, such as Adobe Flash Player, must be downloaded directly from the developer’s website. No intermediary is acceptable.
Disable Java (not JavaScript) in your web browser(s). Few websites have Java content nowadays, so you won’t be missing much. This setting is mandatory in OS X 10.5.8 or earlier, because Java in those versions has bugs that make it unsafe to use on the Internet. Those bugs will probably never be fixed, because those older operating systems are no longer being maintained by Apple. Upgrade to a newer version of OS X as soon as you can.
Follow these guidelines, and you’ll be as safe from malware as you can reasonably be.
Never install any commercial "anti-virus" products for the Mac, as they all do more harm than good. If you need to be able to detect Windows malware in your files, use the free software ClamXav — nothing else.

Fixing PATH (and MANPATH) once and for all

I think the list of directories in PATH should be:
/Users/cb/bin:
/opt/local/bin:
/opt/local/sbin:
/usr/local/bin:
/usr/bin:
/bin:
/usr/local/sbin:
/usr/sbin:
/sbin:
/usr/X11R6/bin:
/usr/local/teTeX/bin/powerpc-apple-darwin-current
Do you agree? Comments and suggestions welcome.
Background:
I am trying to sort thru the endless confusion and set up PATH (and MANPATH) right, once and for all. Every package I install seems to have its own idea of what these variables should be.
I could set up a wrapper script for every installed command - but some subsystems, like Aquamacs and Python, let you create and use subshells. If the PATH in your subshell isn't the same as the one you use every day in bash, you could create bugs which are nearly impossible to track down.
My solution is to create $HOME/.setShells.sh -- which sets a uniform set of paths (and which will probably rewrite man.conf in the bargain). But I want to make sure that I'm choosing the right baseline, which is what the list above is supposed to be.
I'd appreciate your thoughts and/or assistance.

Correct is what's correct for you. You have to consider and repect how the vanilla system sets up the environment, and realize that the software you install and configure to make the machine yours will be different for everybody.
Your list looks reasonable. Of course we all know that PATH is searched in the order listed, so your ~/bin takes precedence over everything, and stuff you install in /opt and /usr/local takes precedence over the vanilla system.
You don't need a wrapper for every command. Environment variables are inherited. You simply need to set this stuff up in your ~/.bashrc and everything you run from the shell will inherit the environment. I think PATH may be exported automatically, but it never hurts to do so explicitly. So set those variables with lines like ...
export PATH=
export MANPATH=
It's important to understand the subtle difference between executing a shell command file and sourceing it.
bash# ./file
... will run the file in a subshell, so any variables and environment changes will only be known to the subshell. Your interactive shell is the parent process of the subshell.
bash# . ./file
... will run the file in the current shell rather than forking a subshell, so any variables, functions, aliases, or environment changes will remain in effect.
When a shell starts, your ~/.bashrc is sourced, not executed.
Message was edited by: b3and88
because he can't spel

Can Apple fix the 12 bit audio problem once and for all?

I have had persistent audio problems from I Life V3 all the way up to I Life 06. Sometimes it is synch issues. Sometimes it is audio dropping out. I have been through the various forums and applied the various remedies with some successs, some failure. The basic problem is that I have an extensive quantity of Mini DV tapes dating back to 1997, most recorded with 12 bit sound (prior to 2002). Apple's basic stance has been, you must use 16 bit sound or I Movie and/or I DVD won't work and . And proposes awkward workarounds. Basically placing the onus on it's own consumers. Why can't 12 bit sound support be included in I DVD 06 and these persistent audio issues put to rest once and for all? Is there some overwhelming technical reason why it cannot be done?

I don't know about overwhelming, but the DVD specification (which was not developed by Apple) calls for the audio to be sampled at 16-bit/48KHz (I think you might also be able to use 96KHz as well). This is what the software expects. If you choose to use another sample rate then the software may or may not be able to "fix" it in post. The real problem is that many camcorder manufactures set the audio to 12-bit by default.
Mike

Once and for all: How to set up and use SSH

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