Optical Networking Layer 2

I was having a discussion today about Global IP networks from AT&T, WorldCom, etc that are moving to the "IP+Optical" standard. From what I understand it fiber optic cable, MPLS and IP (OSPF, BGP, etc).
My question is what is the Layer 2 technology? I may be thinking of this from a TDM world (I work on several enterprise networks), but if it's not Ethernet everywhere (they're getting there), what is the Layer 2 technology the breaks the packets into frames and frames the 1's and 0's from the fiber network ?
I've read about RPR and DPT. Are these the Layer2 encapsulation used?
Thanks.

RPR and SRP (formerly called DPT) are Layer 2 MAC encapsulation protocols providing multiple access over Sonet. They virtually emulate a LAN environment.
On point-to-point Sonet links the choice of Layer 2 encapsulation is HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay. ATM is a special case, not fitting in the OSI layered model. ATM can also be a transport over Sonet, which is always Layer 1.

Similar Messages

Security Network Layer (SNC) error when creating new session

in SAPGUI 710, suddenly some users are getting a popup message ("Security Network Layer SNC error") when they use the Create New Session toolbar button.
SSO works fine when they connect from SAP Logon, its only when attempting to open secondary sessions. Also, its only some users.
Where would I find log information resulting from the error? Or any suggestions on steps to troubleshoot?
Thanks!

Hello Erik,
Issue actually belongs to BC-SEC-SNC, not SAPGUI.
The attached note advises how to run a trace to get more information about the issue
150104 collecting dev_trace of user session via SM04
If you recreate the issue again with the active trace, you might have more sucess with a reply.
Just to advise that 7.10 is out of support and 7.20 should be used as soon as possible.
Kind Regards,
Jude

Please help : Unable to bind to Network Layer object

We have installed BO Edge 3.1 on a server and all happened successfully.
We have installed the client applicatons on the local PC (laptop) and all was fine.
From the Client, we can open any default universes and test successfully its conection. It works also with SAP connection.
On the other hand, when connected on remote on the Server, and trying to make a basic report with existing sample universe, we have an error "Unable to bind to Network Layer object".
He tries to open a dll in a Drive e:\...dataaccess\ConnectionServer\dbd_sap.dll but it happens it is not able to see the dll.
We trye with the connection of club, fashion and it is the same issue.
We connecting through the infoview, we have the same issue.
Any idea?
Thanks for your help
Best regards,
Here is the txt message we receive:
CS: DBDriver failed to load : E:\Business Objects\Edge 3.1\BusinessObjects Enterprise 12.0\win32_x86\dataAccess\connectionServer\dbd_sap.dll (The specified module could not be found.

Either SAP GUI wasn't properly installed or SAP Interation Kit wasn't properly installed.
However, if even efashion based universe is not working - this means installation wasn't succesfull.
Did you installed the product using local Administrator Account ?

Security network layer snc error

HI All,
We are using Singlr-sign-on method logging to SAP systems.
I started getting "security network layer snc error" when i am opening second window.
I have deleted all the old SAP short cuts and also tried to logon to the SAP application via "Start -->Programs -->SAP Frontend -->SAP Logon".
Still I am getting the same error.
Please provide me any suggestion to avoid this.
Thanks in advance
Joginadham U

Hello,
The mentioned error: "Security Network layer (SNC) error" only tells that there is problem for SNC.
To obtain more information on the error, you could create a trace as per SAP note 495911. SAP Note 150104 may be also useful.
Maybe in the Security forum you can find more assistance.
Regards,
Désiré

HH5 and Openreach Optical Network Box

I have just upgraded my Infinity 1 to Infinity 2 and have a new HH5. I have not yet connected it up.
I understand that the HH5 has a built in modem.
The instruction book which came with the HH5 tells me to connect it to my Openreach optical network box.
Is there an advantage to using the HH5 on its own or is it better with the Openreach box, or does it make no difference?
I would prefer a single box solution if possible, for reasons of domestic harmony.
Any advice gratefully received.
Solved!
Go to Solution.

the Openreach optical network box is only used on fibre to home not fibre to cabinet if you are on FTTC then the hub 5 replaces the Openreach modem they are different pieces of equipment
If you want to say thanks for a helpful answer,please click on the Ratings star on the left-hand side If the reply answers your question then please mark as ’Mark as Accepted Solution’

Fiber optic network monitoring tool

Dear,
Anybody's know Fiber optic network monitoring tool (Including cable)
Thanks

What do you want to monitor ?
If you want to monitor signal strength and such or do you want to monitor that noone connects to the optical link itself and taps out information, or do you want to monitor traffic flows inside of the link.
or do you want to monitor the cable itself with "special" testequipment.
The First and Third options you can get some stuff out of the switch.
The Second uption there are depending on what type of cabeling and wat speed you are in. Do you want to encrypt the information traveling the links ? if so this can be quite expensive.
The fourth one there are some fiber optics test equipment that tells you of cable faults and types and such.
Those range from about 100$ to 10 000$
good luck

ISDN mode network Layer 1 status

Hi all,
I have a Cisco1751-V with 2 ISDN interface. I configure the system in mode network:
interface BRI0/0
no ip address
isdn switch-type basic-net3
isdn overlap-receiving
isdn protocol-emulate network
isdn layer1-emulate network
isdn incoming-voice voice
isdn skipsend-idverify
line-power
interface BRI0/1
no ip address
isdn switch-type basic-net3
isdn overlap-receiving
isdn protocol-emulate network
isdn layer1-emulate network
isdn incoming-voice voice
isdn skipsend-idverify
line-power
When I connect the cable, the state of layer 1 change to ACTIVE (and Layer 2 is TEI_ASSIGNED). When I disconnect the cable, the state of layer 1 is the same and not change to DEACTIVATED.
Then, if I type the command "clear interface bri 0/0", the state change to "DEACTIVATE"
Why not change automatically?

Hi all,
I have a Cisco1751-V with 2 ISDN interface. I configure the system in mode network:
interface BRI0/0
no ip address
isdn switch-type basic-net3
isdn overlap-receiving
isdn protocol-emulate network
isdn layer1-emulate network
isdn incoming-voice voice
isdn skipsend-idverify
line-power
interface BRI0/1
no ip address
isdn switch-type basic-net3
isdn overlap-receiving
isdn protocol-emulate network
isdn layer1-emulate network
isdn incoming-voice voice
isdn skipsend-idverify
line-power
When I connect the cable, the state of layer 1 change to ACTIVE (and Layer 2 is TEI_ASSIGNED). When I disconnect the cable, the state of layer 1 is the same and not change to DEACTIVATED.
Then, if I type the command "clear interface bri 0/0", the state change to "DEACTIVATE"
Why not change automatically?

Different type Optical Networking

Dear All,
i have question,can i do this: "ws-c3560e-12D-E with X2 transceivers direct connect to uplink port (SFP+) on WS-C2960S-24TD-L " ?
At each link Fiber, can we use diffrent type of transceiver? (Example : X2 - SFP+ , GBIC - SFP)
Please give me info,
Thanks & Regards

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Not 100% certain what you're asking. You can have different physical optical modules on the two ends of a link, e.g. SPF on one end, GBIC on the other, but they have to be compatible, e.g. SX to SX. You also need to insure the optical modules are compatible with the actual fiber type and fiber length.

How do I open the door to my Optical Network Terminal (ONT) to replace the backup battery

I have an ONT that looks like this: http://www.verizon.com/cs/groups/public/documents/adacct/bbux400-open.jpg How do I open the door to it to replace the battery? Thanks Ben
Solved!
Go to Solution.

My ONT BBU (Battery Backup Unit) looks just like yours. The door is where it says ONT 314 and Verizon.
On mine, I can just grip the edge of the lower right and corner of the door, under the lights and buttons where it says SOHO, and pull the door open.
That exposes the battery.

New in Optical Networking

Im working on a client's project and we are tasked to provide WAN connectivity between 2 sites, 20km apart. We have to do the configuration out of the box. This is all new to me as we are more focused in traditional copper. Ive been trying to find a good resource on the whole activity list for this kind of install, and I'm not sure where to start and what to ask the client.
Any real life experience out there? Thank you in advance. The device is 15454.

There is no mention of the speed, but we are expecting to receive a CTP file from client which will be coming from Cisco designer I supposed. I guess what Im asking is: how does the actual configuration of 15454 works? I need to understand in a project management and technical perspective, and I just dont know where to start. There is a lot of documentation out there, but nothing from the real world, which makes it all the more confusing. Thank you for your response!

About the DWDM 15454 optical ring design questions.

1 Question
We have 3 ONS 15454 in A,B,C each place. The connection between different locations is a pair of single mode fiber. The topology is A>B>C>A. The A is main datacenter.
We want to make a redundancy design based on ROADM. The normal transmission is A to B to C to A. For example, when the problem occurred between C and A, like CxA. We want to change the data transfer direction to C>B>A.
How could I do that through the 15454 configuration software CTC? Which protocol should I use? I am newbie in the optical network. Please give me an easy grasping answer. (Please don't change the topology because we not only have A,B,C we also have other 3 locations to join in the optical ring. I just want to use A B C to make the question easy to be answered)
2 Question
The 15454-GE-XPE card mode made me a little confused. Our each location have 2 15216 MUX/DEMUX patch Panel Odd. One for MUX to next location. One for DEMUX from last location. Does that mean I don’t need to open the GE-XPE cards’ MXP mode?
The reason I want to use L2 mode is that we have 2 GE-XPE cards for each location for different department function. The connection is 1st SFP port from GE-XPE to 6509 supervisor engine 2T active. 11th SFP port connects to 6509 supervisor 2T standby. The 11th SFP will have no data until the
active supervisor 2T changed to down. I am worried about if I open the MXP mode for GE-XPE. The 21th XPF gets data from 15216 DEMUX panel and transfers it to 6509 engine 2T through 1st SFP. But 6509 can’t transfer the data back to 22th XPF through the 11th SFP on the GE-XPE. Because the 11th SFP connection is on standby engine 2T.
The question is what is the best way to make the right data flow direction from 15216 DEMUX through 6509 and back to 15216 MUX panel.
Thank you for the reading and help!
I will do my best to reply every feedback.:)

about Question-1
there are two ways to achieve your requirements.
use PSM card or second way is to use WSON.
PSM card is easy to install and it will cost less.
for WSON solution, your wavelength will switch automatically on fiber cut, but for this you have to make two nodes omni-directional that is source and drop nodes for that wavelength which seeks proteciton.
to make omnidirectional you need extra piece of hardware.
if your node has SMR2 cards, than you need one more SMR2 to make it omni-directional.
if its WXC than you need one more WXC, plus PRE and BST amplifiers.
so i think, just go for PSM cards :-)
about Question-2
The main question is if I open the 10GE MXP mode on the 15454-GE-XPE card, the port 1~10 can’t do any communication with port 11~20 unless I connect them with a SFP switch, is it right?
yes this is correct.
Another problem is I confused about the muxponder mode GE-XPE and the 15216 MUX/DEMUX Patch Panel. Are they doing the same job MUX/DEMUX?
no there is difference.
there are three modes on GE_XPE card.
10GE MXP mode:
if you select this mode.
than it will multiplex all the traffic coming on port 1 to port 10 and trasnmit it through port 21-1.
and traffic received on ports 11 to ports 20 is multiplexed and transmit it through port 22-1.
in other words, all traffic coming on port-1 to port-10 is encapsulated over a OTN/SONET/SDH and transmitted via port 21. same for port 11 to port 20.
20GE MXP mode:
all the traffic recevied over por-1 to port-20 is multiplexed and transmitted through port 21, in this port port 22 is not used.
Layer-2 mode.
you have to proviion QinQ and SVLANS to pass traffic.
15216 MUX/DMUX are entirely different, they are used to multiplex and de-multiplex wavelength.
so if we have 5 GE_XPE cards on each node A and node B.
and you want to connected each card with each other, suppose port 21 of each card on each node is connected with each other.
than you need 10 fibers to connect them, one for each Tx----------Rx.
so instead of doing this, people use MUX/DMUX, in your case it is 15216 MUX/DMUX
so trunk port 21 of each 5 cards will be connected with these MUX/DMUX and than the signal is transposrted is this way.
please go through this picture.

Cannot ping windows 2008 r2 while it is possible for another machine in the same network

Hi,
Recently I have set up a new server with windows 2008 r2 enterprise OS which is a domain member server.
At network layer I have two networks one with 192.168.1.0/22 and another with 10.0.0.0/24 network IDs.
My problem is that I cannot ping the newly installed server from a specific machine. Server's IP address is 192.168.1.56 and the specific machine's IP address is 10.0.0.12 and it is a windows XP machine. Of course I have to say that this problem belongs
only to this WinXP machine and all the layer 3 issues are tested and correct. This issue happens while at the same time I can ping domain controller which also is a windows 2008 r2 enterprise box and its IP address is 192.168.1.53. It turns more complicated
when I learned I can ping the winxp machine and connect to it from new server through remote desktop. Firewall also is not the obstacle because I turned it off completely.
Can anybody help me fix the problem?
TIA
Bijan

Hi,
Check the path ping from xp machine to server its timing out after reaching 192.168.1.254 , What kind of a device is 192.168.1.254 IP belongs to.
Tracing
route to sp45newfs.ph45.local [192.168.1.56]
over
a maximum of 30 hops:
0 B15-333.PH45.LOCAL [10.0.0.12]
1 192.168.1.254
2 * * *
Computing
statistics for 50 seconds...
Source to Here This Node/Link
Hop
RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address
0 B15-333.PH45.LOCAL [10.0.0.12]
0/ 100 = 0% |
1 0ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% (192.168.1.254)----------(Which device has this IP)
100/ 100 =100% |
2 --- (100/ 100 =100% )---(100% loss) 0/ 100 = 0% B15-333.PH45.LOCAL [0.0.0.0]
Trace
complete.
Regards,
Srivishnu.K

Windows 8.1 Network Share 0x8007003b Error Copying Files

Hi All,
I'm having an issue when copying files from a Windows network share. If the file is above 5MB it will start copying and then after a minute or two I will get an error such as:
Interrupted Action
An unexpected error is keeping you from copying the file. If you continue to receive this error, you can use the error code to search for help with this problem.
Error 0x8007003B: An unexpected network error occurred.
The network share is in a different office and is accessible over a point-to-point VPN, so the connection is not that fast.
But before everyone tells me to start diagnosing the router and or VPN please take note of the following:
My colleague who is running Windows 7 can copy files from the network share fine
If I run a Windows 7 VM on my Windows 8.1 laptop I can copy the files across fine
I also know it isn't an issue with this particular file share. I set up a little lab, where I had one VM which had a shared folder and 2 other client VMs one running Windows 7 and one running Windows 8.1. I limited the bandwidth to the two client
VMs to a similar speed we see across our VPN. The result was that the Windows 8.1 failed with the same error above, whereas the Windows 7 copied fine.
There is also a noticeable difference visually when copying using Windows 8.1 and Windows 7:
Windows 7 - The progress bar progresses smoothly giving the current speed and estimated time remaining
Windows 8.1 - The progress bar progresses in a jumpy fashion. E.g. it shows no progress, then after a minute it jumps and shows 16% progress, then shows no further progress, then jumps by another 18%. There is no estimated time remaining.
I ran Wireshark to investigate what was going on at the network layer. I see the following behaviour:
Windows 8.1 - The file is copying fine then all of a sudden there are a lot of TCP dupack packets. After which the Windows 8.1 client sends a RST packet and then the error pops up.
Windows 7 - The file is copying fine then you also see a load of TCP dupack packets, however no error is displayed and it continues copying fine.
I'd appreciate any help with this I'm hoping there are some settings I can change to make Windows 8.1 behave more like Windows 7!
FYI originally posed here (but was advised to ask on Technet) - https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows8_1-files/windows-81-network-share-0x8007003b-error-copying/300bc9a4-597b-402a-b885-9dd6f6fb51a2
Thanks,
Zak

Hi MeipoXu,
Sorry, it has taken me so long to reply. I thought I had subscribed to receive updates on this thread, but I didn't see anything!
I've ran the commands you gave but some of them did not work, I got the following error:
Set global command failed on IPv4 The parameter is incorrect.
However, output of current settings are below.
TCP Global Parameters
Receive-Side Scaling State : disabled
Chimney Offload State : disabled
NetDMA State : disabled
Direct Cache Access (DCA) : disabled
Receive Window Auto-Tuning Level : normal
Add-On Congestion Control Provider : none
ECN Capability : disabled
RFC 1323 Timestamps : disabled
Initial RTO : 3000
Receive Segment Coalescing State : disabled
Non Sack Rtt Resiliency : disabled
Max SYN Retransmissions : 2
To answer your original questions.
Do you mean the file below 5 MB will copy fine ?
5MB is not a hard limit. If the file is small enough it will copy before it errors out. A file of around 5MB or so fails with an error.
Have you tried to copy the files from another Windows 8.1 machine (This will help us to verify whether the issue is casued by the specific machine)?Have you tried to copy another file from the network share to have a check ?
Yes I've tried from another Windows 8.1 machine and have the same behaviour. It is the same with different files from the network share. And the same with different network shares.
I am seeing nothing in the event viewer when the error occurs. I do not believe this to be a VPN issue because I can recreate this situation perfectly. As I mentioned in the original post- I
also know it isn't an issue with this particular file share. I set up a little lab, where I had one VM which had a shared folder and 2 other client VMs one running Windows 7 and one running Windows 8.1. I limited the bandwidth to the two client VMs to a similar
speed we see across our VPN. The result was that the Windows 8.1 failed with the same error above, whereas the Windows 7 copied fine.
Basically, I had virtual machines all on the same local network. One virtual machine was hosting a file share with files on it. I created one Windows 7 VM and one Windows 8.1 VM. Using VMWare Workstation you can limit the network bandwidth to the VMs. When
I did not limit the network bandwidth I could copy all files of all sizes fine. However, when I limit the network bandwidth to a speed of around 30-50KBps, the Windows 8.1 VM fails to copy files with the same error. But Windows 7 VM copies the files fine.
The point of limiting the bandwidth in this way is to create a similar scenario to that I see when connecting over the VPN.
This all leads me to believe there is some sort of issue with copying files from fileshares over slow connections using Windows 8.1.
Cheers,
Zak

Apple TV 2 Waiting for network services, unable to sign in to iTunes store

Received my Apple TV yesterday.
It is connected to my network (I have tried wired and wireless).
I can view movie previews and Podcasts.
I cannot sign in to the iTunes Store (therefore cant rent movies), cannot view Youtube videos (No content available), cannot use Netflix (Waiting for network services when I try).
I spoke to Apple support, they couldn't help. They say the problem is with my network or my ISP.
I have a Linksys WRT160N router, on which I have tried disabling the firewall.
My ISP is Telus, I am on their Fibre Optic network in BC. I wonder if Telus are blocking Apple TV?
Anyone else experiencing this?
Message was edited by: gbcecanada
Message was edited by: gbcecanada

I received my Apple TV yesterday.
I am running cable internet with 10Mbps constant.
So I connected it up and proceeded to issue after issue. I could not log into my Apple account. It was stating that my name or password was incorrect.
When I would start the unit it would stay at the waiting for network connections screen for several minutes!
I did all the tricks of turning the apple of and back on, NO FIX.
I tried to update the software, and I recieved a message that stated I have the most updated software, so....NO FIX
I did a full restore. The Apple TV downloaded the newest software and rebooted after about 7 minutes, NO FIX
I logged into my router and opened all ports, added ports 80 and 123, NO FIX
I also disabled my entire firewall on my router and turned off the WEP security feature...and what would you guess.....NO F I X!!
So I logged back into my router and reset all my original settings...still NO FIX.
SO here is the good part...Apparently the system has to connect to time.apple.com and get updated...it's sort of like a verification of the system.
So after it updated everything worked great! No unable to sign into my account. NO waiting on network connections anymore.
So the biggest advice I can give, especially after my 3 hours of gradually wasting my time until I almost threw the unit out my bedroom window, is connect it to your WIFI system and let it sit by itself for a few hours and let it connect to the Apple server.
Hope this helps everyone that, at some point, has shared my pain and frustration.

When network is down, it took 15 minutes to report ORA-03113 error

Now I am using OCCI under redhat to develope application to access oracle database. It works well if the connection with datbase is ok.
But if the network gone down before executing executeQuery of Statement, it took 15 minutes to throw SQLexception and error code is ORA-03113. Is there any solution to decrease the time to wait?
I am using OCCI by the mode of: Environment::THREADED_MUTEXED | Environment::OBJECT)
I only installed 2 rpms in redhat:
oracle-instantclient-basic-10.1.0.3-1
oracle-instantclient-devel-10.1.0.3-1

Yes, it is using TCP/IP. It took a long time to change from TCP state ESTABLISHED to CLOSE_WAIT as to tcp/ip.
I don't know whether there is timeout mechanism in the procotol used between oracle client and oracle server.
If there is such timeout mechanism, is it possible to configure it in OCCI? For example, if the network layer
uses select with timeout option, then the timtout is possible to control. But now it seems that it is not clear to set such configuration. Or is there such nonblocking mode in OCCI?
Or we can assume that oracle client library just depend on the tcp/ip protocol implementataion to detect that the tcp is broken. And the fact is in windows platform, the OCCI client will throw exception after about 2 minutes.
Thanks in advance for any suggestion!

Optical Networking Layer 2

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