(Oracle 10g) MMAN 백그라운드 프로세스를 통한 자동 공유 메모리 관리

제품 : ORACLE SERVER
작성날짜 : 2005-05-19
(Oracle 10g) MMAN 백그라운드 프로세스를 통한 자동 공유 메모리 관리
========================================
PURPOSE
이 문서에서는 Oracle database 10g의 Self Managing 기능 중의 하나인
자동 공유 메모리 관리 기능에 대하여 알아보고 SGA_TARGET 이라는
새로운 파라미터와 MMAN이라는 새로운 백그라운드 프로세스에 대하여
소개하기로 한다.
Explanation
1. 개요
SGA_TARGET 파라미터를 이용한 자동 SGA 튜닝이 어떻게 이루어지는지
그 원리를 알아보도록 한다.
자동 SGA 튜닝은 Oracle database 10g의 ADDM을 가능하게 하는 요소인
메모리 advisor가 그 기능을 수행한다.
자동 공유 메모리 관리 기능이 갖는 장점은 다음과 같은 몇 가지가 있다.
첫째, workload가 변함에 따라 자동으로 공유 메모리가 적용이 된다.
둘째, 메모리의 활용률을 극대화한다.
세째, out-of-memory라는 메모리 부족 발생으로 인한 에러를 예방할 수 있다.
즉, 오라클의 공유 메모리 영역 중 Shared pool size, Buffer cache size,
Large pool size, Java pool size를 매뉴얼하게 셋팅할 필요가 없다.
가용한 메모리의 사용을 보다 효과적으로 해주는 것 뿐만 아니라,
메모리 자원을 얻는 데 필요한 비용을 줄여줄 수 있다.
무엇보다 dynamic하고 flexible한 메모리 관리 구조를 통하여
오라클 데이타베이스 관리를 단순화시켜 준다.
2. MMAN 백그라운드 프로세스
공유 메모리의 자동 튜닝을 위하여 MMAN이라는 백그라운드 프로세스가
새로이 등장하였다.
MMAN이라는 백그라운드 프로세스가 5분 마다 주기적으로 수집한
작업 부하(Workload) 정보를 바탕으로 동적으로 구성이 된다.
메모리는 가장 필요한 곳으로 동적으로 할당이 된다.
SPFILE을 사용하면 MMAN이 변경한 파라미터들의 정보가 자동으로
SPFILE에 저장이 된다.
그러므로, 가능한 Oracle 9i 이상부터는 SPFILE 의 사용을 권장한다.
왜냐 하면 다음과 같은 세 가지 장점이 있기 때문이다.
첫째, 각 부분 크기의 권장안을 인스턴스 종료 후에도 보관할 수 있다.
둘째, 저장되어진 각 파라미터들의 사이즈는 데이타베이스 기동 시 할당이 된다.
세째, 각 파라미터들의 최적의 값을 찾는 데 드는 비용을 줄일 수 있다.
이렇게 MMAN 이라는 프로세스에 의해서 자동 공유 메모리 관리 기능이
구현이 되는 것이다.
3. SGA_TARGET 파라미터를 통한 자동 공유 메모리 관리
자동 공유 메모리 관리 기능을 사용하게 되면 오라클 SGA 관련 네 가지
파라미터들을 DBA가 일일이 셋팅할 필요가 없다.
오라클의 공유 메모리 크기는 SGA_TARGET 이라는 파라미터 하나로 다 조절이 된다.
SHARED_POOL_SIZE, DB_CACHE_SIZE, LARGE_POOL_SIZE, JAVA_POOL_SIZE 라는
파라미터들을 구성하는 데 관여하지 않아도 된다는 뜻이다.
과거에는 이러한 파라미터들을 너무 낮게 잡게 되면 성능도 저하될 뿐만 아니라
out-of-memory error인 ORA-4031 ERROR를 자주 만나게 되었고 메모리 낭비도 있었다.
그러나, Oracle database 10g의 New Feature는 SGA_TARGET이라는 새로운
파라미터만 셋팅하여도 되게 설계되었다.
SGA_TARGET이라는 파라미터는 해당 인스턴스에 필요한 SGA의 최대 크기를 나타낸다.
이 파라미터는 SGA 내의 모든 메모리들을 포함한다.
즉, Automatic하게 사이즈가 결정되는 파라미터, 매뉴얼하게 결정되는 파라미터,
startup 시에 할당되는 internal metadata 할당을 다 포함한다.
10g 이전 버젼처럼 SGA의 TOTAL 크기를 정확히 컨트롤하는 것이 어렵지가 않다는 뜻이다.
SGA_TARGET 파라미터를 셋팅할 때에는 다음을 염두에 두어야 한다.
1) SGA 영역 중 자동 구성으로 조절되지 않는 영역이 있는데
Redo Log buffer 와 Fixed SGA 영역, BUFFER KEEP, RECYCLE과 관련된 파라미터,
STREAMS POOL 관련 파라미터들이다.
2) SGA_TARGET 파라미터가 0으로 셋팅되면 자동 공유 메모리 기능은 DISABLE된다.
SGA_TARGET 파라미터의 DEFAULT 값은 0이다.
SGA_TARGET 파라미터가 0이 아닌 어떤 값으로 셋팅이 되어 있어도
SHARED_POOL_SIZE 또는 DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS 와 같은 파라미터들은 여전히
셋팅할 수는 있다.
3) SGA_TARGET 파라미터가 설정되어 있지 않거나 0 으로 셋팅되어 있을 경우,
자동 튜닝 파라미터들은 10g 이전 버젼에서와 같이 관리된다.
단, 예외는 있다. SHARED_POOL_SIZE가 그 경우인데, 내부적인 STARTUP 시
소모되는 오버헤드는 포함이 된다. 이 부분이 SHARED_POOL_SIZE에 포함이 된다.
Oracle 10g 이전 버젼에서는 이 부분이 SHARED_POOL_SIZE에 포함되지 않았으나
10g부터는 포함되게 되어 SHARED_POOL_SIZE를 좀 더 크게 잡아야 한다.
구체적으로 10g에서는 SHARED_POOL_SIZE를 32m 정도 더 크게 잡아야 한다.
예를 들어, Oracle 9i에서 SHARED_POOL_SIZE를 256M를 사용했었다면,
Oracle 10g에서는 같은 효과를 얻으려면 288M 정도로 잡아야 한다.
4) SGA_TARGET 파라미터가 0이 아닌 값으로 셋팅이 되어 있는 경우
자동으로 튜닝되는 SGA 파라미터들은 모두 기본적으로 0으로 셋팅이 된다.
이러한 파라미터들은 자동 공유 메모리 관리 알고리즘에 의하여 자동으로
사이즈가 결정이 된다.
그러나, 만약 이러한 자동 튜닝 파라미터들이 0이 아닌 어떤 값으로
셋팅이 되어 있다면 명시한 값은 자동 튜닝 알고리즘에 의해 최저값을
나타낸다.
예를 들어, SGA_TARGET 파라미터가 8G로 셋팅되어 있고, SHARED_POOL_SIZE가
1G로 셋팅되어 있다면 SHARED_POOL_SIZE는 절대 1G 아래로 떨어지지
않음을 뜻한다.
V$SGA_Dynamic_components 뷰를 조회하면 자동 튜닝 component들의
실제 사이즈를 확인할 수 있다.
SELECT component, current_size/1024/1024
FROM v$sga_dynamic_components;
4. 수동으로 튜닝되는 SGA 파라미터 설정
SGA의 몇몇 구성 파라미터들은 자동으로 튜닝되지 않아서 매뉴얼하게 튜닝을 해야 한다.
다음은 수동으로 튜닝되는 SGA 파라미터들이다.
- KEEP 및 RECYCLE 버퍼 캐시
- 멀티 블록 사이즈 캐시(DB_nK_cache_size)
- 로그 버퍼
- 스트림즈 POOL
수동으로 튜닝되는 파라미터들은 반드시 사용자에 의해 명시되어져야 한다.
이런 파라미터들은 10g 이전 버젼에서와 같이 정밀하게 크기가 제어되어야 한다.
매뉴얼하게 튜닝되는 이러한 파라미터들은 SGA_TARGET에는 포함되지만,
자동으로 튜닝되지는 않는다.
예를 들어, SGA_TARGET 이 8G이면 MANUAL하게 수동으로 조절되는 파라미터들의
사이즈의 합을 1G로 잡으면 7G는 자동으로 오라클이 알아서 설정한다.
5. SGA_TARGET 파라미터의 설정 변경
SGA_TARGET 파라미터의 RESIZING이란 SGA_TARGET 파라미터의
설정 변경을 의미한다.
SGA_TARGET 초기화 파라미터의 특징은 다음과 같다.
첫째, 운영 중에 동적으로 변경이 가능하다.
둘째, SGA_MAX_SIZE 내에서 크기를 증가시킬 수 있다.
세째, 모든 구성 요소의 최저값의 합까지 크기를 감소시키는 것이 가능하다.
또한, SGA_TARGET 파라미터의 설정은 오직 자동으로 튜닝할 수 있는
파라미터들에만 영향을 준다.
예를 들어, SGA_MAX_SIZE가 10G이고, SGA_TARGET이 8G로 가정을 한다.
만약, DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE가 1G로 셋팅이 된다고 하면 SGA_TARGET 을
최대 9G까지 늘릴 수 있다.
추가적인 1G는 SGA_TARGET에 의해 조절되는 자동 튜닝 파라미터들에게 분배가 된다.
DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE 는 영향을 받지 않는다는 뜻이다.
이것은 SGA_TARGET 파라미터를 줄일 때에도 해당된다.
6. 자동 공유 메모리 관리 비활성화
이 기능을 비활성화하려면 SGA_TARGET 파라미터를 0으로 설정하면 된다.
이렇게 SGA_TARGET 파라미터를 0으로 설정하게 되면 자동 튜닝 파라미터들은
그 당시의 값으로 설정된다.
그리고, 전체 SGA 크기에는 영향을 미치지 않는다.
예) 변경 전 값
SGA_TARGET=8G
SHARED_POOL_SIZE=1G
변경 후 값
SGA_TARGET=0
SHARED_POOL_SIZE=2G
DB_CACHE_SIZE=4G
LARGE_POOL_SIZE=512M
JAVA_POOL_SIZE=512M
SGA_TARGET이 8G로 셋팅되어 있고, SHARED_POOL_SIZE 파라미터가 1G로
설정되어 있다가 SGA_TARGET을 0으로 변경하면 자동 튜닝 파라미터들은
그 당시의 값으로 셋팅되고 전체 SGA 크기는 이전 SGA 크기를 초과하지 않는다.
SHARED_POOL_SIZE가 2G로 셋팅이 된 것은 내부적으로 측정하여 결정된 수치이다.
7. 동적 SGA 파라미터의 수동 변경
자동 튜닝되는 파라미터를 수동으로 변경할 경우 다음과 같은 영향을 가진다.
1) 만약 파라미터의 새로이 반영되는 값이 현재의 값보다 클 경우에는 즉시 반영이 된다.
그러나, 새로이 반영되는 값이 현재의 값보다 작을 경우에는 현재의 값에는
즉시 변화가 없고 최저값으로 셋팅이 된다.
2) 자동으로 튜닝되는 파라미터들을 수동으로 변경하였을 경우에는
SGA의 자동 튜닝 부분에 영향을 준다.
RESIZE 수행 시에 사용되는 메모리는 자동 튜닝 파라미터들로부터
더해지거나 감해질 뿐 매뉴얼하게 조절되는 파라미터들에는 영향을 주지 않는다.
Example
다음은 자동 튜닝 파라미터 설정 시 V$PARAMETER 조회 결과 예이다.
SGA_TARGET=8G
DB_CACHE_SIZE=0
JAVA_POOL_SIZE=0
LARGE_POOL_SIZE=0
SHARED_POOL_SIZE=0
SELECT name, value, isdefault
FROM V$PARAMETER
WHERE name LIKE '%size%';
만약 SGA_TARGET 파라미터가 0이 아닌 값으로 셋팅이 되어 있는 경우
자동 튜닝되는 파라미터들은 값을 명시하지 말라는 뜻이다.
V$PARAMETER 뷰를 조회하였을 때 자동으로 튜닝되는 이러한 SGA 파라미터들의
값은 모두 0이다.
이것이 정상이고, isdefault 컬럼 값은 TRUE 이다.
즉, 자동 공유 메모리 관리 기능을 구현할 때에는 이 파라미터들은
매뉴얼하게 설정을 하지 않으면 된다.
Reference Documents
Oracle Database 10g New Features

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    16213 17 Mar 2006 07:00 1
    16214 17 Mar 2006 07:30 1
    16215 17 Mar 2006 08:01 1
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    You can find each doc in html and pdf format on the Documentation Library<br>
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  • Oracle 10g on SuSE 9 with kernel 2.6.4

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  • Oracle 10g :: APEX not running

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    control_files = /usr/lib/oracle/xe/oradata/XE/control.dbf
    __db_cache_size = 188743680
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    db_recovery_file_dest = /usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
    db_recovery_file_dest_size= 10737418240
    undo_management = AUTO
    undo_tablespace = UNDO
    remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
    dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=XEXDB)
    shared_servers = 4
    job_queue_processes = 4
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    QMNC started with pid=19, OS id=9724
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  • Cannot get Oracle 10g to start on a G5.  Floating point exception

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  • Oracle 10g DB connecting for sys,system but not for other users

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    MMNL started with pid=17, OS id=3960
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  • Oracle 10g won't start

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