Partial period factor

Hi
what is partial period factor and where it should be configured
Regards
Please try to search on your own

Hai..
If an employee did not work for the whole payroll period, then a partial remuneration is calculated during the payroll run. Factoring is used in the following cases:
To reduce payments made to an employee because he or she joins, leaves, or is absent from the company during a period
To calculate remuneration for an exact period because of substitutions, changes in basic pay, organizational reassignments, or changes in the personal work schedule
For further information pls check sap library under country specific payroll in the gross part,Factoring..
Ram Manohar

Similar Messages

  • Partial Period factoring

    Dear Friends,
    I have re-written the rule for Partial period factoring for LOP days and it is working fine.Now I need your help to do the same for mid-month joinees. Help needed in rewritting the second rule XPP1.
    This is working fine for LOP Days,Deducting the number of days the employee is absent including holidays(including holidays is client's requirement)
    UPP1 Determine partial period factors (subrule)-LOP Days when Indicator is 'U'
          /801 Partial period factor 1
            RTE=TKDIVI Set
            RTE-TKAU** Subtraction
            RTE*KGENAU Multiplication
            RTE/TKDIVI Division
            ADDWT *    OT   Output table
    This needs the change
    Employee Joined on November-17-2009. Sap is calculating by hours, requirement by Days.
    XPP1 Determine partial period factors (subrule)- When Indicator is 'E'
          /801 Partial period factor 1
            RTE=TSSOLL Set               
            RTE-TSAU** Subtraction          
            RTE*KGENAU Multiplication     
            RTE/TSDIVI Division
            ADDWT *    OT   Output table
    I wanted the above rule to calculate for days instead of hours.

    in standrad
    hire an employee in mid month and check how the pay roll is being processed
    801 Partial period factor 1
    RTE=TKSOLL Set
    RTE-TSAU** Subtraction
    RTE*KGENAU Multiplication
    RTE/TKDIVI Division
    ADDWT * OT Output table
    try this

  • Factoring, partial period factor

    Hi all,
        Can you please throw some light on  (1) What is partial period factor(PPF), where to find details about PPF. (2) What is the diffrenece between SSOLL, SIDVI  (3) For unpaid absences my wage type is displayed in the payroll form but the amount is not deducted,Specification in  processing 10 is 1(/801)
    Thanks,
    Akki.

    Hi,
    Go through these links.It will give you some idea.
    diff. between PPF and OUTPUT TYPES
    http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/PYINT/PYINT_FACTORING.pdf
    http://www.jt77.com/human2/resources-09522.html
    Regards,
    Manoj.

  • Partial Period Factor in INP1

    Dear Experts,
    I have copied INP1 to ZNP1& created new PPF as /807 in it. I have a wagetype 1102 - Attendance allowance that is to be paid to those having 0 days leave without pay in a month. I have set Processing Class 10 to WT 1102 as 7.
    Now even if a person has 0 LWP, attendance allowance is not paid to him. If I set PC 10 to 3, then it is deducted in prorata basis which I dont want. May I know if this program is technically & logically correct for my requirement?
       /807 Partial period factor 7
         RTE=AAU**  Set
         RTE?0      Comparison
             RTE=0      Set
             ADDWT *    OT   Output table
           =
             RTE=1      Set
             ADDWT *    OT   Output table
    May I know commenly used commands / syntax in PCR & Schemas?
    Regards
    Bindumadhav
    9869028264

    Dear Shashi & Praveen,
    Many thanx for your help. I am giving current scenario :
    Setting    Amount without absence   Current Amount with absence              Expected Amount with absence
    PC 10 = 3               1000          Proportionately deducted              Totally deducted
    PC 10 = 7            Not Shown          Not Shown                              Totally deducted
    Changes in ZVAL are as follows :
    ZVAL Valuate payroll elements using partial period factors
            VWTCL 10   Processing class
                ERROR      Cancel processing
    0
                ADDWT *    OT   Output table
    7
                RTE=AAU**  Set
                RTE?0      Comparison
                    RTE=0      Set
                    ADDWT *    OT   Output table
                  =
                    RTE=1      Set
                    ADDWT *    OT   Output table
    Changes in ZNP1 are as follows :
       /807 Partial period factor 7
         RTE=AAU**  Set
         RTE?0      Comparison
             RTE=0      Set
             ADDWT *    OT   Output table
           =
             RTE=1      Set
             ADDWT *    OT   Output table
    Please suggest if the coding logic is correct ?
    Or Please call me on my mobile 9869028264
    Regards
    Bindumadhav
    9869028264

  • Partial Period Factor - Processing Class 10

    Hi Experts,
    Please tell me the difference between the different specification of the processing class 10 like reduction with factor /801, /802....../809 .
    regards
    TS

    hi ts,
    these are the wagetypes which stores the standard formulas for reduction.. provided by sap, like as per calendar days,work days and hours. /801-/805 you have standard formulas..where as from /806 to /816 is for your customer specific formulas..

  • Processing class 10 and partial period factor specification /807

    dear experts,
    I want to know the difference in specification of /801 or /802 or 803 or /804 or /805 or /807 when we give or maintain processing class 10 for an y customised wage type in table v_t512w_d. there is no documetation for /806 or /807 wage types .can any one send me the documetation on this or explain

    Just go to X013 PCR.  There you can find the documentation.
    Open the PCR in display mode and press F1 for documentation.
    Reward the points.
    Venu

  • Partial Period Parameter Error

    Dear all,
    I had created new daily work schedule, period work schedule, define valuation classes, set work schedule rules and generate work schedule.
    After creation of this new work schedule rule, I assign it to an employee infotype 0007 Planned working time.
    However, when I simulate payroll for this employee, error occurs.
    I check in the log, when operation PARTT Partial month parameter, message was shown "Customizing error in work schedule rule 2 MY 14 SECG1SU". System could determine the Partial period parameter for WPBP period 02. There was no Individual divisors for partial period in WPBP period 02 being computed.
    Please help...

    Customizing error in work schedule rule 2 MY 14 SECG1SU".
    here 2 is ur EG
    MY is ur Holiday Calendar
    14 is ur PSA
    SECG1SU is ur DWSR
    Check the dates of the above customisations and also check the Groupings properly  Check the tables
    V_001P_ALL  V_503_ALL thru SM3o for that PERNR
    did u generated the WSR thru PT01
    Edited by: Sikindar on Jan 24, 2009 2:43 PM

  • Period factor : Depreciation posting

    In the depreciation simulation, I find a 'period factor' with some value 0.5656.  I dont get how this factor is derived by the ssytem.  My asset value is 250000 and the declining depreciation rate is 10% with a 99 useful life.

    It is possible that the asset was capitalized around the 5th month (around 206 days balance )of the year which brings in the computed period factor. Check your depreciation start date - It may not be for full year.
    Thanks
    Jagdish

  • Period factor VS SNP heuristic & deployment heuristic

    Hi ,
        I am using period factor to decide avalabilty date with in each bucket. i know first periority would be  period factor in Tlane . accordingly i maintained period factor 0 . 
    SNP heuristics cretaes the receipts in the start of the buckets since period factor is ZERO.
    But when i execute Deployment heuristic its NOT cretating in the start of the bucket. instead its creating middle of the each bucket
    My questuion is.....
    1) period factor setting is only for SNP Heuristic NOT for deployment heuristic???
    2) if thats the case how to decide manually creation date in deployment?
    3) Receipts available in middle of the bucket , But depoyment confirms the demand in the START of the bucket ? logically how its possible. it should not be???
    Regards
    Rajesh

    Hi,
    My understanding is that period factor of 0 is interpreted as 0.5 by heuristics.
    So in your case Heuristics should create stock transfers in the middle of the bucket and deployment should just confirm it.
    Please let me know the following.
    You have maintained factor 0.5 in lane right?
    Have you maintained any value in the product master?
    What is your deployment method, pull or some type of Push?
    What is your bucket type (days/weeks/months)?
    Hi Claire,
    I do not understand why a simple pull deployment has to schedule the stock transfers again?
    It should just check the ATD qty and confirm the heuristic order, if possible right?
    Could you please explain your point further with a scenario?.
    Regards,
    Ashok

  • Partial & Periodic Invoicing plan

    What is Partial & Periodic invoicing plan ? How it can use for some perticular monthly service?
    what are the settings to do it in SAP.

    You use the periodic invoicing plan if the total value of the PO item is to be invoiced in each period. When you create a PO with a periodic invoice plan only the value of one month is displayed on the header status and used for the release strategy. If you want the entire 12 months included you should use the partial invoice plan and specify the invoice amount for each month
    Search the forum.
    Regards
    Ayyallas

  • Rules of factoring

    Hi All
    what are the difference between XPPF, XPP1, XPP0, X VAL ?
    please can anybody explain
    charan

    Hi,
    what are the difference between XPPF - To determine partial periods like termination, basic pay change, unpaid absences.
    XPP0, This is sub rule for XPPF
    XPP1: Partial period factor on which basis we are going to calculate like on calendar days and working days, working hours
    X VAL -  Valuate payroll elements using partial period factors,
                 Valuate payroll elements are basic pay, hra, Conveyance, DA etc.
    Regards
    Devi

  • Wrong display of No. of days worked in Payslip for mid-month joining

    Dear Experts,
    We use PE51, form editor for payslip for indian payrol. Our issue is when an employee joins mid of the month or say 4th of any month, still in payslip it shows no. of working days as 30/31 days instead of actual days worked. But pay results are correctly being calculated on factoring basis.
    Please let me know how to resolve it, we use PCR ZNP1 for factoring which is written as follows
    ZNP1 Partial factors for India - /801(CD), /802(WD), /803(WH),/804(Nom)
          /801 Partial period factor 1
            RTE=TKSOLL Set
            RTE-TKAU** Subtraction
            RTE*KGENAU Multiplication
            RTE/TKDIVI Division
            ADDWT *    OT   Output table
          /802 Partial period factor 2
            RTE=TASOLL Set
            RTE-TAAU** Subtraction
            RTE*KGENAU Multiplication
            RTE/TADIVI Division
            ADDWT *    OT   Output table
          /803 Partial period factor 3
            RTE=TSSOLL Set
            RTE-TSAU** Subtraction
            RTE*KGENAU Multiplication
            RTE/TSDIVI Division
            ADDWT *    OT   Output table
          /804 Partial period factor 4
          /805 Partial period factor 5
          /806 Partial period factor 6
          /807 Partial period factor 7
    Please guide, if i need to modify it for getting correct working days display in payslip
    Regards
    Tan

    in that case the Requirement is to display no of working days of employee in a month
    Here working days means
    Total Calendar Days - Unpaid days - Paid days =  working days ( please check the said one again since i have inculded the paid days and unpaid days if u want u can remove paid days)
    so in order to fetch this
    we need Calendar days that is TKSOLL
    Unpaid days   check the technical wage types /845  Paid days /846  ( you can have custom wage types too)
    Copy a wage type from standrad overtime wage type  that will be  1555
    The PCR is as follows
    NUM=TKSOLL  (calendar Days)
    NUM-E  /846      Paid days
    NUM-E /845
    ADDWT 15555
    Use ACTIO function and insert it any where in Sub Schema XT00

  • Issue with Unpaid Absence for Rotating Shift Employees with Averaging Hours

    We run a biweekly payroll where full time employees are paid based on an 80 hr work shift per pay period.    We have a requirement where employees in production are on a rotating shift.  They may work 80, 88 or 72 hrs per pay period because  their work schedule rule is defined this way.  However, regardless if they worked 80, 88 or 72 hrs, these employees should still be paid based on 80 hrs of work (overtime will be paid extra).  Currently, our system handles it this way.  
    However, a problem comes up when the employee has an unpaid absence for the period. The WT  /801 is calculating a factor that results in incorrect pay.  For example, if an employee has an hourly rate of $10 (biweekly rate of $ 800), with a work shift of 88 hrs and 24 hrs unpaid absence for the period, the rule KPPF is calculating the factor (/801) to be: 64/88 = .7272, and therby paying 581.76 ($800 x .7272).   The calculation of /801 comes from the formula:
          total hrs worked (88) - unpaid hrs (24)
                    total hrs worked (88)
    Given our requirement, the correction calculation for the factor  should be:
      80 - 24    = .7
         80
    and the correct pay should be $560 ($800 x .7)
    I tried modifying rule KPPF, along with KPP0 and KPP1 and was able to make it work to fit our requirements.  However, the modification I made only works when there is only 1 WPBP record.  If there are multiple WPBP records , possibly caused by an personnel action , change of IT0007 or  IT0008 in the middle of the pay period,  it becomes way too complicated to modify the rule to handle each and every scenario.
    If anyone has come across a similar requirement, I would really appreciate if you could assist on how this should be handled.
    Thanks.
    Malou Navera

    Thanks Amosha,  Here is the PCR for calculating the factor during an unpaid absence:
    KPP1 Determine partial period factors (subrule)
          /801 Partial monthly factor 1
            RTE=TSSOLL Set
            RTE-TSAU** Subtraction
            RTE*KGENAU Multiplication
            RTE/TSDIVI Division
            ADDWT *    OT   Output table
    Here are the table values for an employee who is on an 88 hr shift, with 52 hrs of unpaid absence:
    Total period parameter
      Individual divisors for total period
      GSDIVI:          88.00
      GADIVI:          11.00
      GKDIVI:          14.00
    Partial period parameter for WPBP period 01
      Individual divisors for partial period in WPBP period 01
      TSDIVI:          88.00
      TADIVI:          11.00
      TKDIVI:          14.00
    Planned values for period from 01/25/2010 To 02/07/2010
    DWS class: 3           Day type: 0             PHoliday cl: 0
    TSSOLL:         88.00  GSSOLL:      88.00
    TASOLL:         11.00  GASOLL:      11.00
    TKSOLL:         14.00  GKSOLL:      14.00
    Table PARTA
      PParType  No  Valid from  Valid to    KAU**   AAU**   SAU**   KAP**   AAP**   SAP**   KAX**   AAX**   SAX**
      T         01  01/25/2010  02/07/2010    8.00    6.00       52.00     2.00     2.00      20.00    0.00       0.00      0.00
      G         00  01/25/2010  02/07/2010    8.00    6.00      52.00     2.00     2.00      20.00    0.00       0.00      0.00
    In this scenario, /801 was calculated at 40,909.09, it should be 35,000.
    Hoping to hear from you soon.
    Thanks.
    Malou

  • ABAP HR MATERIAL REQUIRED

    HI FRIENDS,
    CAN ANYONE SEND ME THE ABAP-HR MATERIAL .
    THAXS AND REGARDS.
    HITESH

    Maybe this link can be helpfull
    http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/hr/hr_infotypes2.htm
    Have a look at http://www.sap-img.com/human/how-to-create-a-hr-infotype.htm, but have also a look at this thread
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/sdn/collaboration.sdn?contenttype=url&content=https%3A//forums.sdn.sap.com/thread.jspa%3FthreadID%3D9945%26messageID%3D63016
    found this link probably can be helpful to someone
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46b/helpdata/en/f7/2fe034ee251f34e10000009b38f83b/frameset.htm
    http://sap.ittoolbox.com/groups/technical-functional/sap-hr/how-to-create-z-infotype-in-organizational-management-745603
    How to create a HR infotype?
    1) Go to Transaction PM01. 
    2) Enter the custom Infotype number which you want to create (Should be a 4 digit number, start with 9). 
    3) Select the ‘Employee Infotype’ radio button. 
    4) Select the ‘PS Structure Infotype’. 
    5) Click on Create… A separate table maintenance window appears… 
    6) Create a PS structure with all the fields you want on the Infotype 
    7) Save and Activate the PS structure 
    8) Go back to the initial screen of PM01. 
    9) Click on ‘All’ push button. It takes a few moments. 
    10) Click on ‘Technical Characteristics’. Infotype list screen appears 
    11) Click on ‘Change’(pencil) button 
    12) Select your Infotype and click on ‘Detail’ (magnifying glass) button 
    13) Give ‘T591A’ as subtype table 
    14) Give ‘T591S’ as subtype txt tab 
    15) Give your subtype field as subtype field 
    16) Save and come back to PM01 initial screen 
    17) Click on ‘Infotype Characteristics’ … Infotype list screen appears 
    18) Click on ‘Change’ (pencil) button 
    19) Click on ‘New Entries’ 
    20) Enter your Infotype number and short text 
    21) Here we have to set different Infotype Characteristics as per the requirement. (Better open another session with some standard Infotype’s infotype characteristics screen and use as the reference to fill yours) 
    22) Save your entries. 
    23) Now the Infotype is created and ready to use. 
    24) If you want to change the layout of the Infotype as per your requirement… 
    25) In the PM01 initial screen…Select ‘Screen’ radio button and give 2000 as the screen name, then click on edit. 
    26) In the next screen.. Select ‘Layout Editor’ and click ‘Change’. 
    27) Screen default layout appears…here you can design/modify the screen..change the attributes of the fields..etc. 
    28) Save and activate. (Don’t forget to ‘Activate at every level) 
    InfoSets in the HR Application 
    You can use SAP Query in HR to report on HR data. Queries are maintained as described in Creating Queries. The special features of queries created for HR are described in Maintaining Queries in the Human Resources Application. The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the described procedure inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes.
    InfoSet management in SAP Query is also used for InfoSet Query. For further information, see Functions for Managing InfoSets.
    If you want to create InfoSets for HR, you can use logical databases PNP, PAP, and PCH (see HR Logical Databases). The database you must use to create your InfoSet depends on the component in which the data you want to report on is stored.
    The reports you can execute using InfoSets based on logical databases PNP or PCH are similar, but differ in that they can select different objects. The following table describes the connection between the logical database, and the infotypes you can include in an InfoSet. It also provides you with one or two examples of reports that you can execute using the appropriate InfoSets.
    Logical database     PNP     PCH     PAP
    Selection of     Persons     Objects from Personnel Planning     Applicants
    Infotypes that can be included in the InfoSet     Infotypes for
    •     Personnel Administration (0000-0999)
    •     Time Management (2000-2999)
    •     Payroll infotypes
    •     Infotypes for Personnel Planning objects that can be related to persons     If the object type is specified:
    •     Infotypes for the object type
    •     Infotypes for objects that can be related to the specified object type
    If the object type is not specified:
    •     All infotypes     •     Infotypes for Recruitment (4000-4999)
    •     Some infotypes for Personnel Administration (such as 0001 and 0002)
         •     Customer infotypes
    Reporting examples     •     Selection of all persons who participated in a specific business event, output of prices for reserved business events
    •     Selection of all persons assigned to a specific personnel area, output of qualifications held by these persons     •     Selection of all business events held in London in March, output of all persons who participated in these business events
    •     Selection of all positions assigned to a specific organizational unit, output of all persons assigned to the positions     •     Selection of all applicants hired last year to work on special projects, output of addresses for the applicants selected
    Creating InfoSets
    The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the procedure described so far in this section inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes. To set up an InfoSet for the HR application, proceed as follows:
    1.     On the initial screen for maintaining InfoSets, enter a name for the InfoSet and choose  Create.
    2.     On the next screen, enter a name for the InfoSet and select one of the HR logical databases in accordance with your reporting requirements.
    Customer infotypes can be created on all HR logical databases. In each individual case, therefore, you must decide which database to select so that you can report on customer infotypes.
    This screen enables you to enter an authorization group. All of the queries that are subsequently created using this InfoSet can only be executed by persons who have this authorization group.
    3.     Choose  .
    This takes you to the Infotype Selection for InfoSet .
    The logical HR database uses the table APPLICANT. You must declare it in the TABLES statement.
    At the GET APPLICANT event, the APPLICANT structure contains the data for an applicant number chosen on the basis of selection screen entries.
    The APPLICANT-APLNO field contains the applicant number which is selected for processing.
    Only the APPLICANT-APLNO field should be read from the work area of the APPLICANT table. The other fields are intended for internal use only.
    2.7     Authorization Checks in Reporting (PA-APP)
    Generally, authorization checks in reporting do not differ from those in the transactions. Since data access in reporting is always of the read type, the system checks for a read authorization; the authorization group must be R or *.
    In some situations, you may want to use a simplified authorization check when running reports. The object RPABAP is required for the check as well as the object RPORGIN; if these authorizations are available, a simpler and faster check is performed.
    If the report cannot read certain applicant data due to lack of authorization, data for these persons is not processed at the GET APPLICANT time point. A note appears at the end of the list stating the number of applicants who were skipped due to lack of authorization.
    2.8     Views
    Introduction
    When evaluating data, we distinguish between the logical and the physical view.
    The physical view corresponds to the form in which the infotype data is stored in the HR tables. This data is stored in infotype records with a validity period.
    In the logical view, the validity periods of individual fields are determined for several infotype records. For example, for an evaluation, the time period during which an employee worked at a particular job may be important, irrespective of whether a company code, personnel area or cost center change occurred during this time.
    Data from several infotypes can also be provided for a specific partial period. When calculating partial payroll periods, it is especially important that data on basic pay, work schedule and cost distribution are provided for the relevant partial period.
    These two types of logical views are implemented in the projection and join.
         Join
         Projection
         Join and Projection
         Time-Dependent Control Tables
         Generalization of the View
    Join
    A join processes records from two or more infotypes. The data from these infotypes is provided for a specific partial period.
         We would like to know in which time period an employee worked at which job and at which address he or she resided during this time.
    The following address data is available:
    January – June     Hamburg
    June – December     Munich
    The following work center data is available:
    January – April     Programmer
    May – December     Course instructor
    If the address and work center data are provided for specific partial periods, the following cases result:
    January – April     Hamburg / programmer
    May – June     Hamburg / course instructor
    July – December     Munich / Course instructor
    The ABAP syntax of this join is as follows:
    PROVIDE * FROM Pomp
    FROM Pnnnn
            BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA.
    The partial periods for infotypes Pomp and Pnnnn as well as for all other infotypes of the join are defined in the fields BEGDA and ENDDA.
    The data of each infotype in the join must be available during the entire validity period of the infotype. The time periods of infotype records may not overlap; therefore, the join may not contain infotypes with time constraint "three".
    The time periods of records overlap if an infotype is read without any subtype restrictions. For example, the Address infotype has the subtypes Permanent residence, Temporary residence and Home address.
    Time periods will ultimately overlap if all addresses are read. Therefore, you must always select a subtype for a join, and this subtype may not have the time constraint "three".
    The program code for the above join for work center and address data is as follows:
    REPORT RPABAP03.
    TABLES: PERNR.
    INFOTYPES: 0001, 0006.
    GET PERNR.
      PROVIDE * FROM P0001
    FROM P0006 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA
              WHERE P0006-SUBTY eq '1'.
        WRITE: / PERNR-PERNR, P0001-STELL,
                 P0006-STRAS, P0006-BEGDA, P0006-ENDDA.
      ENDPROVIDE.
    Sometimes no data is available for a particular infotype in the selected partial period. Infotype validity periods may not overlap but gaps are permitted.
    For example, gaps can occur when personal data is joined with address data:
    Personal data
    January 1960 - May 1998     Miller
    May 1998 - December 1998     Smith
    Address data:
    January 1998 - December 1998     Hamburg
    A join for personal and address data is presented as follows:
    January 1960 - December 1997     Miller
    January 1998 - April 1998     Miller / Hamburg
    May 1998 - December 1998     Smith / Hamburg
    Only personal data is available in the first partial period. Since the record does not provide the required information, the join's function of providing data from all associated infotypes has not been fulfilled.
    The variables Pnnnn_VALID recognize that only incomplete data is available for a particular partial period.
    This variable is formed when the report is run for each Pnnnn infotype included in a join.
    If data exists in the partial period for the Pnnnn infotype, the variable Pnnnn_VALID is filled with X.
    These variables are evaluated as follows:
    REPORT RPDEMO03.
    TABLES: PERNR.
    INFOTYPES:  0002,
                0006.
    GET PERNR.
      PROVIDE * FROM P0002
    FROM P0006 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA
              WHERE P0006-SUBTY = '1'.
        IF P0006_VALID EQ 'X'.
          WRITE:  /  PERNR-PERNR,
                     P0002-BEGDA DD/MM/YYYY,
                     P0002-ENDDA DD/MM/YYYY,
                     P0002-NACHN,
                     P0006-ORT01.
        ENDIF.
      ENDPROVIDE.
    A list is generated only if address data is available. The first partial period, for which only personal data is available, is suppressed.
    Projection
    All data of an infotype is stored on the database with its period of validity.
    When you change one or more fields of an infotype record, the system creates a new record with a new validity period. The date on which you changed the record is the start date of this new record.
    Therefore, the data fields that are not affected by the changes contain the same data over several infotype records and validity periods.
    From a logical perspective, these fields are valid in all infotype records until they are changed. 
    When seen from this logical perspective, each field of an infotype has its own validity period.
    This is illustrated in the following case:
    An employee has worked as a programmer for three years in three different personnel areas.
    The following organizational assignment data is available:
    January 1992 - December 1992: Programmer /personnel area 1
    January 1993 - December 1993: Programmer /personnel area 2
    January 1994 - December 1994: Programmer /personnel area 3
    If you only require the time period during which an employee performs a specific job and not his or her personnel area for an evaluation, the following applies:
    January 1996 - December 1998: Programmer
    The physical view has three infotype records, the logical view one.
    To create meaningful evaluations and avoid redundancies, create logical views for infotype records.
    Select the infotype fields that are important for the evaluation and disregard the others.
    In the above example, the data in the other fields is invalid for the evaluation since it is unknown which personnel area the employee belonged to from 1996 - 1998.
    This view of the validity period of a group of infotype fields is known as projection.
    The program code for the projection is:
    PROVIDE  FROM Pnnnn
      BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA .
    The infotype data for a projection must be available throughout the entire validity period. If the time periods of certain infotype records overlap, the data cannot be clearly assigned to one period.
    Therefore, you should not use projections for infotype records with time constraint ‘three’. The report for the above projection is:
    REPORT RPABAP04.
    TABLES: PERNR.
    INFOTYPES: 0001.
    GET PERNR.
       PROVIDE STELL FROM P0001 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA.
         WRITE: / PERNR-PERNR, P0001-STELL, P0001-BEGDA,
                 P0001-ENDDA.
       ENDPROVIDE .
    The logical validity for the activity period is included in the infotype BEGDA and ENDDA fields.
    Join and Projection
    You can combine the two logical views of infotype data, the join and the projection.
    We read the data from several infotypes and create new partial periods. We select the infotype fields that are important for the evaluation and combine these partial periods again.
    The following example illustrates this.
    An employee works as a programmer in the current year and marries in May. Her name does not change.
    Organizational assignment:
    January - December     Programmer
    Personal data:
    January - April     Donna Debug - single
    May - December     Donna Debug - married
    When the data from both infotypes is read concurrently, the result is:
    January - April     Donna Debug - single /
    programmer
    May - December     Donna Debug - married /
    programmer
    Since we can disregard her marital status in the evaluation, we project on her first and last names:
    January - December     Donna Debug / programmer
    The following report exemplifies the above case:
    REPORT RPDEMO04.
    TABLES: PERNR.
    INFOTYPES:  0001,
                0002.
    GET PERNR.
      PROVIDE STELL FROM P0001
        NACHN VORNA FROM P0002
        BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA
        IF P0001_VALID = 'X'.
          WRITE:  / P0002-NACHN, P0002-VORNA,
                    P0001-BEGDA DD/MM/YYYY,
                    P0001-ENDDA DD/MM/YYYY,
                    P0001-STELL.
        ENDIF.
      ENDPROVIDE.
    This report combines the associated validity periods and provides the data of relevant infotype fields for a specific period.
         Fields which are not accessed have their initial value in the projection.
    Provision of data for a specific partial period is especially important for partial period factoring in payroll.
    If an employee's basic pay or the cost distribution changes during the payroll period, you must calculate the salary proportionately for the resulting partial periods.
    However, if the payroll administrator of the organizational unit changes, this has no effect on payroll.
    By linking a join and a projection, you can read the master data for a specific partial period.
    Time-Dependent Control Tables
    Infotype data is generally coded as a key (for example, infotype P0006, address type 1 = permanent residence) to allow fast data entry and space-saving storage. When you process infotypes, the texts or attributes of the keys are read from the relevant control tables.
    In many control tables, storage of data is time-dependent and therefore assigned a validity period.
    In HR, this applies to the following areas:
    •     Work schedules
    •     Pay scale structures
    •     Wage types
    •     Wage type valuation
    •     Bank data
    •     Positions
    •     Payee codes
    When you read the data for an infotype key from time-dependent control tables, you must determine which record is valid in the specified validity period.
    If you use a transaction to process an infotype, the system reads the table record which is valid on the start date.
    Generalization of the View
    You can use the logical view to edit and output data according to user specifications.
    The special feature of HR views is the time dependency of the data. Personnel data is almost always related to specific validity periods. A HR view provides data for specific time intervals.
    In general terms, a HR view is a logical perspective of interval-dependent internal tables.
    See also:
    Processing All Infotype Records (PA-PAD)
    Processing All Infotype Records (PA-APP)
    Processing a Specific Infotype Record (PA-PAD)
    Processing a Specific Infotype Record (PA-APP)
    3     Import/Export Files in HR
    The following sections describe the purpose of files PCL1 and PCL2 and explains how to access them.
    Files PCL1, PCL2, PCL3 and PCL4
    Storing Data in PCLn Files
    PCLn Buffer
    Cluster Directory Manager
    3.1     Files PCL1, PCL2, PCL3 and PCL4
    Which information is stored in the files?
    File PCL1 is the basis for the HR work area data. It contains information from the time data recording, for example, incentive wage time tickets or infotype supplement texts.
    File PCL2 contains derived information, for example, payroll results. It also contains all generated payroll schemas.
    File PCL3 contains applicant data.
    File PCL4 contains the change documents for HR master data and recruitment.
    The structure of PCLn files corresponds to that of the INDX file which you may be familiar with from other applications. The structure of all PCLn files (n = 1, 2, 3, and 4) is identical.
    Structure of Files
    Like in almost all SAP files, the key element with the highest priority is the client; data within a client is grouped according to basic relations (field PCLn-RELID).
    The type of basic relation is known as a cluster and characterizes the stored data according to the type, for example, cluster RX contains the payroll result for country X (from table T500L) and cluster TE contains the trip costs data.
    Depending on the cluster, the structure of PCLn-SRTFD is defined in a field string xx-KEY, which is defined in an include RPCnxxy0.
    Naming conventions
    n = 1, 2, 3, or 4 (for PCL1, PCL2, PCL3, or PCL4)
    xx = for the cluster
    y = 0 for international clusters
    y = country grouping according to T500L for national clusters
    The personnel number is usually the first component of xx-KEY.
    Importing and Exporting Data
    The import/export files PCLn are managed with the ABAP/4® commands IMPORT and EXPORT . These commands store objects such as fields, field strings, or internal tables on the database, or read these from the database. Data is read from and written to the database using a unique key( xx-Key).
    Please note that the RMAC macros RP-IMP-Cn-xx and RP-EXP-Cn-xx are provided for importing and exporting data. Only these macros should be used.
    See also Macro Modules
    3.2     Storing Data in PCLn Files
    Data from the different HR application areas is stored in data clusters in PCLn files (n = 1, 2, 3, or 4).
    This collection of data objects can consist of:
    •     Fields used within reports
    •     Field strings
    •     Internal tables
    The structure of the PCLn files provides a framework for the individual application areas.
    Each application area must have a two-character cluster name (relation ID). It must also have a key structure; 40 bytes of the SRTFD field are available for this structure.
    When a record is exported to the PCLn file, the cluster ID is written to the RELID field and the key value to the SRTFD field.
    Naming convention for includes when defining clusters:
    RPCnxxy0 n = 1, 2, 3 or 4 (for PCL1, PCL2, PCL3, PCL4)
    xx = cluster ID
    y = country indicator
    Description of Cluster Data using Cluster RX as an Example
    The data definition is stored in the include RPC2RX00 in accordance with the above naming conventions.
    Structure of cluster key:
      Data:  BEGIN OF RX-KEY.
               INCLUDE STRUCTURE PC200.
             DATA: END OF RX-KEY.
    The DDIC structure PC200 contains the fields PERNR (personnel number) and SEQNO (sequential number).
    The data definition of the cluster also contains other internal tables.
    For a list of available data clusters, refer to the domain description in the Data Dictionary.
    xx Key
    The xx key name is dependent on the cluster.
    The RX KEY is used for all Rx and Xx clusters. In all other cases, the name of the xx key corresponds to that of the cluster.
    Cluster     xx Key
    RA     RX-KEY
    B1     B1-KEY
    G3     G3-KEY
    XA     RX-KEY
    3.3     PCLn Buffer
    To keep the number of database accesses to a minimum, import and export data is stored in the main memory buffer. Buffer management routines ensure that exported data can be stored in the PCLn files.
    The following two examples illustrate which problems can occur without a buffer.
    Retroactive accounting of payroll results
    Starting payroll in the test mode
    Retroactive Accounting of Payroll Results
    In February 1998, a retroactive accounting run is executed for January.
    FOR PERIOD 199801 IN PERIOD 199802
    The payroll results for January are recalculated and then written directly to the database.
    Result:
    The database now contains the results of the following payroll periods.
    FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199802
    FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199801
    Payroll is then run for February.
    FOR-PERIOD 199802 IN-PERIOD 199802
    If problems should arise during the payroll run for this period, the February record is not stored on the database.
    Result:
    The current January record on the database is:
    FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199802
    This problem does not arise if you use the buffer since all data of a transaction is always updated collectively. In the above example, the recalculated January result would be stored in the buffer and, if the payroll run for February were terminated prematurely, the database would not be updated.
    The current January record on the database would thus be:
    FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199802
    Starting Payroll in the Test Mode
    In a test run, the database is not updated. Since the payroll results from the previous period are used as the basis for calculating the results of the following period, the results of the actual payroll run would differ from those of the test run, if this test run were executed over several periods.
    The use of the buffer enables trouble-free access to the required results for the previous period.
    What is required for exporting/importing data to/from the PCLn files using the buffer?
         The following includes contain the data definition for the buffer. They must be included in the report that writes the data to or reads the data from the database.
    RPPPXD00
    RPPPXD10
         Include RPPPXD10 must be in the common part ‘BUFFER’ .
    Include RPPPXM00, which contains the buffer management routines, is also required.
    The macros for importing and exporting data must comply with the following naming convention:
    Naming Convention for EXPORT/ IMPORT Macros:
    RP-aaa-Cn-xy
    where aaa = IMP / EXP, n=1 for PCL1, 2 for PCL2, 3 for PCL3, 4 or PCL4
    and xy = cluster name.
    This guarantees consistency between the export and import of data and also ensures that all exported objects are imported again.
    Export Using the Data Buffer
    When macros are used for exporting, records are written to a main memory buffer and not directly to the database. When the program run has been completed, the records in the buffer are stored in the appropriate PCLn database.
    Import Using the Data Buffer
    When the macros are used to import data, the data records are not read directly from file PCLn. Instead, the system checks the buffer directory to see whether the main memory already contains a record with the same key. If this is not the case, the record is read from PCLn to the buffer and then retrieved from the buffer for the report.
    If the import is successful, the return code RP-IMP-xy-SUBRC = 0 is set. When data is read from the buffer, the system carries out a check for cluster authorization. Standard import programs follow the naming convention RPCLSTxy (xy = cluster name).
         report rpttcdmg.
    tables:
         pernr,
         pcl1,
         pcl2.
    include rpppxd00.    "buffer definitions
         data: begin of common part 'BUFFER'.
         include rpppxd10. "PCLx buffer
         data: end of common part.
         data: begin of common part 'CLUSTER_DIRECTORY'.
         include rpc2cd00. " "cluster directory definitions
         data: end of common part.
    include rpc2rdd0.
    get pernr.
       rp-init-buffer. "reset buffer
       cd-key-pernr = pernr-pernr.
       rp-imp-c2-cd. "read cluster CD from
      buffer/DB
       perform cd_manager using ... .
    alternative: call function rp_evaluation_periods...
       rx-key-pernr = pernr-pernr.
       rx-key-seqno = rgdir-seqnr.
       rp-imp-c2-rd. "read cluster RD from
      buffer/DB
       rp-exp-c2-rd. "update cluster RD in buffer
       perform prepare_update using 'V'. "update database (DB)
    Subroutines CD manager and Cluster buffer
    include rpcmgr00. "Cluster Directory Manager
    include rpppxm00. "module pcl1(2)-buffer
    3.4     Cluster Directory
    Finding Payroll Results for a Specific Query
    Payroll results are stored in cluster Rx of the PCL2.
    The cluster key is non-mnemonic. It contains the PERNR (personnel number) and SEQNO (sequential number) fields.
    The internal table RGDIR contains a directory entry for each payroll result. This entry is a sequential number (RGDIR-SEQNR) which uniquely identifies the payroll result.
    Payroll results can only be imported if the payroll cluster key contains the personnel number and sequential number.
    Before you can import a payroll record, you must select the entry in the RGDIR on the basis of existing data such as for-period, for-payroll area, for-payroll category, in-period, in-payroll area, in-payroll category, and so on, in order to determine the sequential number.
    You will probably always have the same queries when importing payroll records. For example, "Which payroll results (original and retroactively accounted records) were written for a specific payroll run (defined by IN payroll category, IN payroll area, IN period)"?
    There are standard modules that can be used. It is advantageous to use the standard modules rather than self-programmed solutions because no program modifications will be required if the payroll directory changes. The modules are described in the following section:
    Function Modules for Selecting Payroll Results
    3.5     Function Modules for Selecting Payroll Results
    The employee’s payroll directory is always transferred to the function modules using the table RGDIR.
    The modules then transfer the payroll records which satisfy the specified selection criteria using a table whose type corresponds to that of the RGDIR but which has a different name. The selection parameters differ according to the function of the module. For more information, read the module documentation.
    All module names begin with ‘CD_’.
    Function Module: CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS
    Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS
    Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS_ORIGINAL
    Other Modules for the Payroll Cluster
    Sample Report
    Function Module: CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS
    This module transfers the payroll results to a payroll run as ‘A’ records (current). It also transfers the accompanying ‘P’ records (previous).
    This is the module most frequently used in evaluation programs.
    Table contents before the function module is accessed:
    SEQNR     FPPER     FPBEG     FPEND     INPER     IPBEG     IPEND     BONDT     PAYTY     PAYID     INPTY     INPID
    00001     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96                             
    00002     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96           01.16.96     01.16.96                       B     0
    00003           01.16.96     01.16.96           01.16.96     01.16.96     01.16.96     B     0     B     0
    00004           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     0     A     0
    00005           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     1     A     1
    00006     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96                             
    00007     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     01.15.96                             
    00008     03.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     01.01.96     02.15.96                             
    The following parameters are transferred:
    - BONUS_DATE = '00000000'
    - INPER_MODIF = '02'
    - INPER = '199803'
    - PAYTY = ' '
    - PAYID = ' '
    Result:
    SEQNR     FPPER     FPBEG     FPEND     INPER     IPBEG     IPEND     BONDT     PAYTY     INPTY     INPID     SRTZA
    00006     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96                             P
    00007     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                             A
    00008     03.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                             A
    Explanation of individual fields
    Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS
    This module transfers a previous payroll record for a payroll record; this is the newest record for the payroll period (or daily payroll run) which was written before the transferred payroll record and contains the same FOR data as the transferring record.
    Table contents before the function module is accessed:
    SEQNR     FPPER     FPBEG     FPEND     INPER     IPBEG     IPEND     BONDT     PAYTY     PAYID
    00001     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96                 
    00002     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96           01.16.96     01.16.96                 
    00003           01.16.96     01.16.96           01.16.96     01.16.96     01.16.96     B     0
    00004           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     0
    00005           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     1
    00006     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96                 
    00007     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                 
    00008     03.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                 
    The following parameters are transferred:
    - Record with SEQNR '00007'
    Result:
    SEQNR     FPPER     FPBEG     FPEND     INPER     IPBEG     IPEND     BONDT     PAYTY     SRTZA
    00006     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96                 P
    Explanation of individual fields
    Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS_ORIGINAL
    This module reads the previous original payroll result.
    Table contents before the function module is accessed:
    SEQNR     FPPER     FPBEG     FPEND     INPER     IPBEG     IIPEND     BONDT     PAYTY     PAYID
    00001     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96                 
    00002     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96           01.16.96     01.16.96                 
    00003           01.16.96     01.16.96           01.16.96     01.16.96     01.16.96     B     0
    00004           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     0
    00005           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     1
    00006     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96                 
    00007     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                 
    00008     03.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                 
    The following parameters are transferred:
    - Record with SEQNR '00008'
    Result:
    SEQNR     FPPER     FPBEG     FPEND     INPER     IPBEG     IPEND     BONDT     PAYTY     SRTZA
    00006     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     02.1996     01.16.96     01.3196                 P
    Explanation of individual fields
    3.6     Other Modules for the Payroll Cluster
    Modules which derive information from the payroll cluster are available in addition to the modules for payroll result selection.
    1.     CD_RETROCALC_PERIOD
    This module differentiates between original payroll records and retroactive accounting records.
    Table contents before the function module is accessed:
    SEQNR     FPPER     FPBEG     FPEND     INPER     IPBEG     IPEND     BONDT     PAYTY     PAYID
    00001     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96                 
    00002     01.1996     01.01.96     01.15.96           01.16.96     01.16.96                 
    00003           01.16.96     01.16.96           01.16.96     01.16.96     01.16.96     B     0
    00004           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     0
    00005           01.17.96     01.17.96           01.17.96     01.17.96     01.17.96     A     1
    00006     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96                 
    00007     02.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                 
    00008     03.1996     01.16.96     01.31.96     03.1996     02.01.96     02.15.96                 
    The following parameters are transferred:
    - Record with SEQNR '00008'
    Result:
    - CALCD = ' '
    Explanation of individual fields 
    2.     CD_PAYROLL_UNTIL
    This module reads the RGDIR for the date up to which the regular payroll run was executed for an employee.
    3.     CD_HIGHEST_PAYDT
    This module reads the most recent check date for an employee from the RGDIR.
    4.     CD_GET_INFO
    This module provides information (most recent check date, accounted to date) for a particular personnel number.
    3.7     Explanation of Individual Fields
    For-Information
    The FPPER, FPBEG, FPEND, BONDT, PAYTY, PAYID, ABKRS, PERMO, PAYDT, JUPER fields contain information on the period for which payroll is run.
    In-Information
    The INPER, IPEND, INPTY, INPID, IABKRS, IPERM fields contain information on the period in which payroll is run.
    SEQNR
    The field is used as a key to uniquely identify the payroll record.
    This field also defines the sequence of payroll results (history).
    Control Indicator (SRTZA)
    Control indicator     Meaning
    a     Current
    p     Previous
    o     Old
         For more information, see the online documentation for the individual function modules.
    3.8     Sample Report
    REPORT RPTTMWBS.
    DATA: RGDIR LIKE PC261 OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
    DATA: EVPDIR LIKE RGDIR OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
    DATA: PREVIOUS_RESULTS LIKE RGDIR OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
    DATA: CALCD TYPE C.
    DATA: IN_ENTRY LIKE PC261.
    DATA: OUT_ENTRY LIKE PC261.
    INCLUDE RPCCCD09.
        CALL FUNCTION 'CU_READ_RGDIR'
          EXPORTING
             PERSNR = '00021218'
             TABLES IN_RGDIR = RGDIR
          EXCEPTIONS
             NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1
             OTHERS = 2.
    Read RGDIR
      CALL FUNCTION 'CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS'
         EXPORTING
             BONUS_DATE = '00000000'
             INPER_MODIF = '02'
             INPER = '199603'
             PAY_TYPE = CD_C-REGULAR
             PAY_IDENT = ' '
         TABLES
             RGDIR = RGDIR
             EVPDIR = EVPDIR
           IABKRS =
         EXCEPTIONS
             NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1
             OTHERS = 2.
    output:
    00006
    00007
    00008
    Read regular payroll results for January
    A results (original result plus retroactive calculations)
    and P results
      LOOP AT EVPDIR WHERE SRTZA = CD_C-ACTUAL.
    Only current results (00007 and 00008)
      CALL FUNCTION 'CD_RETROCALC_PERIOD'
         EXPORTING
            ENTRY = EVPDIR
         IMPORTING
            CALCD = CALCD
         EXCEPTIONS
            OTHERS = 1.
    Determine, whether original result
            CHECK CALCD = ' '.
    Special processing: Only the original period
    March is processed (seqnr 00008).
            IN_ENTRY = EVPDIR.
    CALL FUNCTION 'CD_READ_PREVIOUS_ORIGINAL'
         EXPORTING
            IN_RECORD = IN_ENTRY
         IMPORTING
            OUT_RECORD = OUT_ENTRY
         TABLES
            RGDIR = RGDIR
         EXCEPTIONS
            OTHERS = 1.
    out_entry now contains the previous results
    Input 00008 ----> Output 00006
      ENDLOOP.
      LOOP AT EVPDIR WHERE SRTZA = CD_C-ACTUAL.
         IN_ENTRY = EVPDIR.
      CALL FUNCTION 'CD_READ_PREVIOUS'
         EXPORTING
            IN_RECORD = IN_ENTRY
         TABLES
            RGDIR = RGDIR
            OUT_RGDIR = PREVIOUS_RESULTS
         EXCEPTIONS
            NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1
            OTHERS = 2.
    Input 00007 ---> 00006
    Input 00008 ---> no record found
    Output structure is a table, since there can be
    several previous results: for example, if legal person
    changes, and is retroactively deleted
    ENDLOOP
    4     Specific Commands
    The following sections describe the different specific commands in HR.
    Function modules in HR
    Macro modules
    4.1     Function Modules in HR
    Function modules are program modules which have a defined interface and allow type testing of parameters.
    They are managed with transaction SE37 and combined to function groups according to relevant criteria. You can access this transaction under Tools  ABAP Workbench  Function Builder.
    The HR function groups use the naming convention RPxx or HRxx where xx is an identifier of your choice.
    You can use the SHOW FUNCTION * editor command to branch from report processing to function module display.
    4.2     Macro Modules
    Definition
    An module that can be called within an ABAP program.
    Use
    Like subprograms and function modules, macro modules are a means of presenting programs in modular form. Macro modules (macros) are used often in the Human Resources application component (HR).
    Defining and Calling Modules
    Two options are provided:
    •     Macros can be defined in reports or includes using the ABAP command DEFINE. A macro can be used within a report or within an include. If a macro is used in a report, and the macro is defined in an include with the DEFINE command, the include must be integrated.
         Macros have the following advantages:
    If a macro is changed, each report using this macro is automatically regenerated when it is executed.
    •     Macros can also be defined as RMAC macros. The source code of these modules is stored in the function section of the control table TRMAC (Macros in ABAP Programs). The coding is grouped under a specific name in the table key.
    According to conventions, the first two letters of the name must stand for the application. The rest of the name is freely definable.
         Customer-specific RMAC modules should begin with a special character.
    The macros defined in the control table TRMAC can be used by all reports.
         When you change a RMAC macro in the table TRMAC, the reports that use this macro are not regenerated automatically. You must regenerate them manually.
    The following section includes a list of  programming utilities for the logical databases PNP and PAP.
    5     Utilities in HR
    The following utilities are available.
    General Utilities
    Report     Meaning
    RPUACG00     Code generation / authorization check
    RPUAUD00     Infotype auditing
    Programming Utilities
    Report     Meaning
    RPINCL10     String search in reports
    Cluster Utilities
    Report     Meaning
    RPCLSTyy     Display cluster for PCLx (yy = RELID)
    RPUPxD00     Delete cluster for PCLx (individual data records)
    RPUPxD10     Delete cluster for PCLx (several data records)
    6     References:
    Different parts of the document has been prepared with the help of articles available on Internet
    Following websites are referred :
    a). http://help.sap.com
    b). http://sapfans.com
    c). http://www.sap-basis-abap.com/saphr.htm

  • Real time questions

    HI,
    can anybody send real time question in sap hr module.please help me out from this issue
    thanks
    venkat

    Hi Mareddy,
    1.     Where will you give authorizations for a T-code to a particular user?
    2.     What are the Structural authorizations?
    3.     What is a time management status infotype?
    4.     Where will you record Times?
    5.     What are the pay revisions?
    6.     What are evaluation classes for?
    7.     What is the table for processing and evaluation classes?
    8.     What is the T-code for
    9.     What is the control record for a payroll to be run for 01.01.2007?
    10.     How do you pay revisions and in which infotype?
    11.     What are the
    12.     What is the time status for Positive time recording and negative time recording?
    13.     What do you mean by Model wage types?
    14.     Who will assign symbolic accounts and who will define?
    15.     Where will the symbolic accounts related to FI? G/L Accounts.
    16.     What is the Integration between PA & Recruitment? What about PRELI.
    1.     What is an Organization structure contains.
    Enterprise structure
    Personal Structure
    Org. Assignment
    2.     What is the Enterprise structure consists of?
    3.     What is the personnel structure consists of?
    4.     What is the Org Assignment structure consists of?
    5.     What is a reporting structure?
    6.     What is a relationship and how many types are there?
    7.     Can one person will be assigned to different positions or one single position can be assigned to different persons.
    8.     How do you integrate between OM and PA?
    9.     Where will you assign if the position would be defaulted with Emp Grp and Sub grp?
    10.     What is the highest hierarchy in the Structural Graphics?
    11.     What are the plan versions used for?
    12.     Where will you do the Cost center assignment?
    13.     Position inherits the task of which object
    14.     What is the relationship between a job and position in OM.
    15.     How do you define Task?
    16.     What do you mean by Work Center?
    12 How to know the user authorizations
    T.code SUIM can help u to knw the authorizations of the users.
    13 Position inherits the task of which object
    13. Position inherits the task of the Job for which the position is created.
    14 How do you transfer data from PA to PD?
    14. RHINTE00 is the report used to transfer data from PA to PD.
    *PLOGI QUALI is the switch it will integrate the PA and PD
    15 RHINT30 Used for what?
    15. RHINTE30 is used to update IT0001 in PA (batch input) of the specified Personnel numbers. The Org. Asgmnt created for these numbers in PD is transferred to IT0001.
    16 Feature PACTV performs
    16. PACTV this feature tells about an applicant what is his/her current status wheather hiring, rejected. *Parameter settings for applicant activity types
    17 What is the use of Feature NUMKER?
    17. Feature NUMKR is to assign Personnel number range to a Company code or Personnel area. T.code PA04 is for tht feature. It holds the interval range, the interval status (latest number assigned). *It is used for the internal number assignmebt
    18 What is the use of control record
    18. Payroll Control record a) defines payroll past for retroactive accounting recognition, b) locks the master data & time data during the payroll process (payroll past & present), c) defines earliest possible retroactive date, d) no. of times the payroll has been run for tht payroll area.
    19 Are you able to perform more than one action in the same day?
    19. Yes u can perform two actions on the same day except the Hiring action and the Separation action.
    Yes but it should not affect the employment status
    20 Whether System will allow the Hire and Terminate actions on the same day?
    21 While performing the hire action, Customer don't want to go further with out entering
    System will not accept the hire and terminate on the same day
    22 the data into the Infotype i.e few Infotype data's are mandatory .how to proceed?
    23 What is the functionality of time constraints?
    23. Time constraints are assigned to the Infotypes in order to avoid collision between two Infotype records.
    TC 0 - Max. of one It record of same type, for same object & for same period of time
    TC 1 - IT records available at all times. No time gaps allowed. No overlapping records
    TC 2 - Only one record at any one time. Time gaps may exist.
    TC 3 - Multiple records may exist at one time.
    Time Constraints will reduce the duplication of data
    example if the time constraint is one it is mandatory
    tcc 2 unique and mandatory
    tcc3 gaps and allowed
    24 Customer doesn't want to give display authorization for few fields in the infotypes. How to resolve this issue.
    Some fields in an Infotype screen can be Hidden by Screen Modification through the table T588M
    25 To implement SAP Payroll what are the mandatory modules for HR
    25. The mandatory modules are PA & Time.
    25. OM, PA, Recruitment, & Time Management
    26 What is the difference between Master data and transactional data.
    26. Master Data is the data that remains unchanged for a long period of time.
    Ex. Employees Personal details etc.
    Transactional data is the data pertaining to day to day transactions with keeps changing
    Ex. Time data,
    27 Employee able to hold two personnel numbers
    27.Employee can hold two personnel nos.Such a case arises in CONCURRENT EMPLOYMENT.
    Yes one number will be reference personnel number
    28 How to access HRP1000 table
    28. HRP1000 can be accessed through Transaction Code :SE16.
    29 What are the different types of holidays?
    29. Holidays can be classified into Mainly Fixed, & Movable
    30 How to find a bug in a report
    31 What is personnel calendar?
    31. Personnel Calender is in which it tells information of employee's about his Location, Position, department, Shift, absence & attendence, Payroll.
    32 What are the types of break schedules?
    32. Break Schedules are Paid & Unpaid, & Dynamic Breaks.
    fixed breaks
    variable break
    etc
    33 Customer required a variant for monthly WS generation with Thursday half day
    33. Regarding Halfday on thrusday You need to create a variant and assign it to your Selection rule.
    34 Holiday and Friday & Saturday's are weekly off.
    34. Question I could not understand you mean weekly Off on Fridays & Saturdays then you need to mention it in your Period Work Schedule.
    35 Define day types
    35. Day Types is an indicator that a certain calender day is payment relavent that is paid or not.
    36 To generate a work schedule what are the parameters required.
    36. Holidays, Holiday Calender, Factory Calender, PS Grouping, Break Schedules, Daily Work Schedules, Period Work Schedules, & Work Schedule Rule & SCHKZ feature
    37 What is the use of a counting rule?
    37. Counting Rule is used to determine the payroll days & Hrs for the Attendence & Absence & to count the exact time.
    they count the payroll days and hours
    38 Define base & accrual entitlements?
    39 How to generate Absence Quotas?
    40 What is the relationship between a job and position ii OM
    40. Relation between a Job & a position is that a Position automatically inherits the characteristics & task assigned to that job
    41 What are the Characteristics of a wage type?
    42 What is the advantage of a schema?
    43 What is the use of QUOMO44 What is the procedure to develop a new report?
    45 What is the use of structural authorizations?
    46 Differentiate between cluster table and internal table
    47 Module pool programming
    48 How to transport a variant for a report to production System
    49 What are the activities needs to be completed before transferring the applicantdata to Personnel administration
    49. Following are the activities that are need to be performed before transferring the applicant data to PA
    --> Initial Entry of Basic Data
    --> Prepare for Hiring
    50 What do you know about the R/3 architecture?
    50.R/3 architecture is a three tier Architecture where
    51 Define personnel Area & Personnel Subarea
    51.Personnel Area: Personnel Area represents Sub division of a company code.
    Company Code :Four character code to identify the company
    For ex. Let ABCD be a compny code.
    This company has its branches in Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi , wherein Mumbai, chennai, delhi forms the Personnel Areas for ABCD. Personnel Area is also identified by a four character code.
    Personnel Sub Area: Sub-division of Personnel Areas.Identified with a Four character code.
    52 Give some examples for Employee subgroup
    52.Example for Employee Subgroup
    >Salaried Employees
    >Hourly Paid Employees
    >Trainee
    52. Example of Employee Sub Groups are Salaried, Pensioner, Retainer....etc
    53 what is retroactive accounting
    53.Retroactive Accounting :
    Retroactive accounting is triggered during the payroll run for the current period if the certain master and time data affecting the payroll past has been changed in the meantime. Only changes to master and time data are relevant for retroactive accounting, since previous payroll results must be corrected.
    54 When you perform a Off-cycle payroll
    54. Off cycle is performed when you give any advance to your employee like Bonus,
    55 What is the significance of DME
    56 How to create a work schedule for a part time employee
    56. Whether the employee is Part timer or Full Timer the same way components will taken into consideration for creation of Work Schedule.
    57 How to transfer employee salary from HR to FI
    57. You mean transfer of employee from HR dept to FI dept then you need to move the position. Select the position and click on F5 and again click on F5 it will ask you to which department the position to be moved and select the appropriate dept and save it.
    58 If you want to rerun the payroll for a specific employee what is the procedure
    59 Define processing class, evaluation class & Cumulation classes
    60 How you calculate the overtime
    61 how to calculate transport allowance for employees who has worked as per workschedule & who took few leaves ( employer don't want to pay transport allowancewhere the employee was absent)
    62 Difference between positive and negative time
    62.Positive Time is Calculating Actual Working Times. Negative Time is calculation of Deviations in the actual working time.
    63 Mention the processing types in Time evaluation
    64 Give brief information about time wage types & balance reflects into cluster tables
    65 Where you will find error messages
    65. T.Code is SM21
    1 In IMG, activities for which SAP cannot deliver default settings?
    2 At what level the regulation of employees are defined in SAP?
    3 To integrate the PA and OM we use a switch, specify?
    4 In which feature T-Code's are maintained?
    5  What is the use of a feature? A feature can be used to determine the default values & the screen sequence when HR Master Data is maintained in the Infotypes.
    6 The employee subgroup grouping for CAP allows you to assign different
    employees to different
    7 Employee subgroup grouping for PCR is done to
    8  In which feature, default wage type is defined for Basic Pay Infotype
    9 The wage type that starts with'/' is known as
    10  Permissible check for wage type is performed for each
    11 In SAP one can control the initiation of actions when maintaining an  infotype by
    12 How to know the user authorizations
    13  Position inherits the task of which object
    14 How do you transfer data from PA to PD?
    15 RHINT30 Used for what?
    16 Feature PACTV performs
    17  What is the use of Feature NUMKER?
    18 What is the use of control record
    19 Are you able to perform more than one action in the same day?
    20 Whether System will allow the Hire and Terminate actions on the same day?
    21  While performing the hire action, Customer don't want to go further with out entering
    22 the data into the Infotype i.e  few Infotype data's are mandatory .how to proceed?
    23  What is the functionality of time constraints?
    24 Customer doesn't want to give display authorization for few fields in the infotypes.
    How to resolve this issue.
    25  To implement SAP Payroll what are the mandatory modules for HR
    26 What is the difference between Master data and transactional data.
    27  Employee able to hold two personnel numbers?
    28  How to access HRP1000 table
    29 What are the different types of holidays?
    30  How to find a bug in a report
    31 What is personnel calendar?
    32 What are the types of break schedules?
    33 Customer required a variant for monthly WS generation with Thursday half day
    34  Holiday and Friday & Saturday's are weekly off.
    35  Define day types
    36 To generate a work schedule what are the parameters required.
    37 What is the use of a counting rule?
    38 Define base & accrual entitlements?
    39  How to generate Absence Quotas?
    40 What is the relationship between a job and position ii OM
    41 What are the Characteristics of a wage type?
    42 What is the advantage of a schema?
    43  What is the use of QUOMO
    44  What is the procedure to develop a new report?
    45 What is the use of structural authorizations?
    46  Differentiate between cluster table and internal table
    47  Module pool programming
    48 How to transport a variant for a report to production System
    49  What are the activities needs to be completed before transferring the applicant
    data to  Personnel administration
    50 What do you know about the R/3 architecture?
    51 Define personnel Area & Personnel Subarea
    52 Give some examples for Employee subgroup
    53  what is retroactive accounting
    54 When you perform a Off-cycle payroll
    55  What is the significance of DME
    56 How to create a work schedule for a part time employee
    57 How to transfer employee salary from HR to FI
    58 If you want to rerun the payroll for a specific employee what is the procedure
    59  Define processing class, evaluation class & Cumulation classes
    60 How you calculate the overtime
    61  how to calculate transport allowance for employees who has worked as per work
    schedule & who took few leaves ( employer don't want to pay transport allowance
    where the employee was absent)
    62  Difference between positive and negative time
    63 Mention the processing types in Time evaluation
    64 Give brief information about time wage types & balance reflects into cluster tables
    65 Where you will find error messages
    66  what are the infotypes  data involved in Time evaluation
    67 Time events & Time pairs are stored in which tables
    68  How to valuate the time wage types
    69  Derive the wage type with 50% & 25%
    70  How to change the employee basic pay from wage type MM20 to 5231
    71  What is the use of counting classes?
    72  What is the use of Day Rules?
    73 W hat are the partial period factors
    74  In which tables Payroll constant will be stored & through which T-Code you are
    able to view the records.
    75  Write the formula for partial period factor for /802
    76 What is the use of factoring in Payroll.
    77  Are you able to run a payroll for ex-employee?
    78 What do you know about Averages in payroll?
    79 Through which T-Code you are able to create a remuneration statement
    80  Explain bank transfers & Check processing
    81  What are the time recording methods.
    82  How to implement a decentralized scenario into an organization
    83  How to get the master data from SAP to SAP & Non-sap
    84 Qualification catalog consists of which objects
    85  What is the key feature for IT0003 which is maintained by system automatically?
    86  How to hold two different bank accounts foe an individual employee to distribute salary
    87 What are the key aspects defined for dynamic actions
    88 Employee subgroups are used in Time to control what
    89 What is the purpose of assigning a Daily Work Schedule class
    90  How is a day type determined in a day type rule.
    91 What is the use of a Quota multiplier in a Counting rule.
    92  What are the methods by which Quota can be accrued.
    93 When do you use a reduction rule for an absence quota.
    94 Elements of enterprise structure are
    95  What type of information payroll accounting area provides the payroll driver
    96   Infotypes are logical groups of
    97 Work Schedule is generated from
    98 Which infotypes act as a payroll administration for the individual employee
    99 What are the applicant activities?
    100  Explain ASAP methodology
    101 What are the logical databases belongs to HR module.
    102 What are the modules for wage type characteristics (indirect valuation)
    New set of question taken from internet..
    1. SAP Overview
    1. Explain the structure of the client/server framework.
    2. Project Implementation Tools 1. What is the IMG?
    2. What is a project IMG?
    3. Basics of Human Resources 1. What are the most important processes supported in Human Resources (HR)?
    2. What are the most important structures in HR?
    3. What is meant by Employee Self-Service?
    4. What ways are there to select an Infotype?
    5. How do you hire a new employee?
    6. Which steps make up the payroll process?
    7. Why is there a cross-application time sheet? What are the possible target components?
    8. What is the purpose of time evaluation?
    9. Which reporting tools do you know of?
    10. How is the recruitment component integrated with the other HR components?
    11. What is an applicant action?
    12. What is the difference between qualifications and requirements?
    13. What is the difference between career planning and succession planning? What is a development plan?
    14. Describe the day-to-day activities in Training and Event Management.
    15. What is the appraisal system component used for?
    16. What are the main functions of Compensation Management?
    17. What personnel cost planning methods are there in SAP HR?
    18. Which Infotypes do you need to implement Travel Management?
    4. Organizational Management
    1. What are plan versions used for?
    2. What are the basic object types?
    3. What is the difference between a job and a position?
    4. What is the difference between an organizational unit and a work center?
    5. Where can you maintain relationships between objects?
    6. What are the main areas of the Organization and Staffing user interfaces?
    7. What is Expert Mode used for?
    8. Can you create cost centers in Expert Mode?
    9. Can you assign people to jobs in Expert Mode?
    10. Can you use the organizational structure to create a matrix organization?
    11. In general structure maintenance, is it possible to represent the legal entity of organizational units?
    12. What is the Object Infotype (1000) used for?
    13. What is the Relationships Infotype (1001) used for?
    14. Which status can Infotypes in the Organizational Management component have?
    15. What is an evaluation path?
    16. What is Managers Desktop used for?
    17. Is it possible to set up new evaluation paths in Customizing?
    18. Which situations require new evaluation paths?
    19. How do you set up integration between Personnel Administration and Organizational Management?
    5. Master Data 1. Which elements make up the enterprise structure?
    2. Which elements make up the personnel structure?
    3. Which elements make up the organizational structure?
    4. Which criteria play a role in establishing these structures?
    5. Which control features are controlled using the personnel subarea?
    6. Which control features are controlled using the employee subgroup?
    7. What is a payroll area?
    8. What is an Infotype?
    9. Which criteria determine payroll areas?
    10. What is the organizational key used for?
    11. In which Infotype are administrators defined?
    12. Why are administrators defined?
    13. What can features be used for?
    14. What is the connection between Planned Working Time (Infotype 7) and Basic Pay (Infotype 8)?
    15. Which ways are there to define default values for the pay scale area and pay scale type?
    16. What is the employee subgroup grouping for collective agreement provisions used for?
    17. Where are pay scale groups and pay scale levels defined?
    18. How are wage types created in the SAP R/3 system?
    19. Can all wage types be entered into all Infotypes?
    20. What does the input permissibility of a wage type depend upon?
    21. What is the personnel subarea grouping for primary wage types used for?
    22. What is the employee subgroup grouping for primary wage types used for?
    23. What ways are there to valuate wage types? Where are wage type valuations defined?
    24. How can you evaluate wage types indirectly?
    25. How can you define default wage types for the Basic Pay Infotype?
    26. What ways are there to perform pay scale reassignments?
    27. What ways are there to perform standard pay increases?
    28. What is the difference between the simple and extended pay increases?
    29. Can several personnel actions be performed on the same day?
    30. What is the Additional Actions Infotype used for?
    31. If an employee leaves the enterprise, are all Infotypes delimited?
    32. Which control options do you have for Customizing when configuring Infotypes?
    33. Can a screen in HR data consist of several Infotypes?
    34. Which ways are there to modify screens in Customizing?
    35. What is an Infotype menu and what is its purpose?
    36. What is an info group? What is a personnel action?
    37. How can a personnel action change the status feature of an employee in Infotype 0000?
    38. How are personnel actions and dynamic actions linked?
    6. Authorizations 1. What is a role and what is it made up of?
    2. How are the authorizations in a role maintained?
    3. Are authorization objects or profiles assigned to users?
    4. Which authorization object can you use to control an employee?s access to his or her own personal data?
    5. What are the main advantages of the Profile Generator?
    6. Can roles and their authorization profiles be assigned to a user for a limited time period?
    7. How do you create structural profiles?
    7. Payroll 1. How does the system know when to trigger retroactive accounting for a particular employee?
    2. How is the earliest retroactive accounting date determined for an employee?
    3. What is the payroll control record used for?
    4. Is the exact date of the payroll period for an employee determined by the payroll area or the payroll control record?
    5. What activities are possible when the payroll control record is set to ?Released for Payroll??
    6. Is it possible to branch directly from the payroll log to master data and time data maintenance?
    7. What is Matchcode W used for?
    8. What effect does grouping employee subgroups have on personnel calculation rules?
    9. Can you evaluate payroll results using SAP Query/Ad Hoc Query?
    10. What steps are required to post payroll results to Accounting?
    11. Can a posting run be deleted?
    12. Where do you specify whether an employee is paid in cash or whether the money is transferred to a bank account?
    8. Time Data 1. What are the basic concepts for recording time data?
    2. What steps are required to set up work schedules?
    3. Can you define your own public holidays?
    4. How do you define which public holiday calendar is valid for an employee?
    5. Which characteristics does a public holiday class blank have?
    6. Is there an employee subgroup grouping for daily work schedules?
    7. What is a variant of a daily work schedule?
    8. Is there an employee subgroup grouping for time quotas?
    9. What ways are there to define breaks within a break schedule?
    10. Which characteristics does a daily work schedule with daily work schedule class 1 have?
    11. Which elements make up a period work schedule?
    12. Which characteristic does a day with day type 1 have?
    13. Which ways are there of representing part-time work in the SAP R/3 system?
    14. Which ways are there of representing substitutions in the SAP R/3 system?
    15. What is the difference between absences (Infotype 2001) and attendances (Infotype 2002)?
    16. What is an absence quota? Give examples.
    17. What is the difference between a validity interval and a deduction interval for time quotas?
    18. You need to deduct an absence from a quota. Which Customizing settings are required?
    19. Should a quota be assigned directly to an absence?
    20. What is the remuneration Infotype used for?
    21. What are counting rules used for?
    22. Can you set up default values to create absence quotas?
    23. Can you generate absence quotas?
    24. What is the schema TQTA used for?
    25. What ways are there of entering information for Controlling when recording time data in the Time Management Infotypes?
    9. Reporting in Human Resources Management
    1. Which reporting tools are available in Human Resources Management?
    2. Is the Business Information Warehouse part of the SAP R/3 system?
    3. What is HIS?
    4. Where do you find standard reports in HR?
    5. Can you also evaluate cross-client data with standard reports?
    6. Can customer-specific reports be incorporated in the Managers Desktop?
    7. What is a logical database used for?
    8. Which logical databases exist in HR?
    9. What is a user group, what is an infoset and how are the two related?
    10. What is a field group? Give examples from HR.
    11. What are selection and output fields?
    12. What can an Ad Hoc Query be used for?
    13. What are the steps for configuring an SAP Query?
    14. What are payroll Infotypes used for?
    Reward if helpful..
    Cheers
    JS

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