Partition external hard disk to back up

I want to know how much space the back up usually requires. I will partition my 1TB external hard disk to back up my mac but don't know how much space I should save for it. Thank you very much.

What type backup are you refering too?
I am assuming you want to take a full system copy before you upgrade to Mavericks?
Select the disk that you want to backup (probably called 'Macintosh HD') in the Finder, click 'File > Get info…' from the menu. It will calculate how much disk space is used. You will want that amount plus a few more GB's at the very least (+20% extra is a good idea if you have it - it means you can boot from it in the future if needed).
I would stongly suggest you make sure that the backup is bootable after you copy over your data, that way if Mavericks doesn't suit your needs you can copy the entire sytem back into place.
P.S.
How are you planning to backup?
This has some info on the tools you can use in the third paragraph…
http://www.macworld.com/article/2056563/should-you-do-a-clean-install-of-maveric ks.html
If you are refering to a Time Machine backup, it will also use the same amount of space as the main disk plus any other internal disks, however it will grow as files change & it isn't bootable.

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