Path selection question for an image of neurons

I have a photo of neurons taken by a microscope as a TIFF.  I'd like to remove the black background color and any "cloudiness" that appears in the photo but still maintain the detail of the neurons and the connections.   Essentially, I'd like to change the color of the neuron related pieces to something other than red.  I'd also like to pick up most of the detail in the photo that relates to the neuron without taking along any of the black background (see second image attachment).  I also want to be able to set the neurons on a different color background that's solid and not murky.  I just upgraded my version of Photoshop from CS2 to CS5 and definitely noticed a difference in its ability to pick up the paths.  I don't know if I'm being too demanding of Photoshop or if I'm not getting the result I want because there's a better approach.  I would greatly appreciate any suggestions on how to go about doing this. 
Thank you!
Karen
I tried selecting a path with the color selection tool (taking just the reds) and copying it on to a new layer but as you can see, some of the detail was lost and the edges are picking up some of the black background:

I'd try an image processing forum. This forum is typically for Java-specific issues and there might not be that many people who've done this here. Sorry I couldn't help. Have you read some image processing books?

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