Perfor using and Changing Concept

Hello Guys,
Can anybody describe in detail about PERFORM USING and CHANGING concepts. because i am using multiple times the perform statememnt for a same fuctionality so i want to use the single PERFORM statement for multiple number of times.
Moderator Message: Basic question please read the F1 documentation.
Edited by: Suhas Saha on Oct 10, 2011 6:55 PM

place your cursor over PERFORM and hit F1.
Or search the forum. I suspect anyone will take his time to write an essays according to this here.
technically there is no difference as far as ai know of, thos you shouldnt change data that you got via USING.

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Using and changing

Hi sir,
what is the diff b/w using and changing keywords for passing the perameters to subroutine and form

Hi ,
   By default if you pass a varaible as Using , you cannot change the value of it in the subroutine but in case of chianging it can be.
Now you can pass the value of using paramater by pass by value , it allows you to change the value in the subroutine but once you are out of the subroutine the changed value is lost and the original value is retained.
So in case you want to change value of a parameter you are passing to a subroutine use changing and if you just want to use its value then use using.
Here is a code which might help you understand it better
REPORT .
data : one type i ,
        two type i.
        one = 1.
        two = 1.
perform chnage_value using one
                     changing two.
write /: one , two.
*&      Form chnage_value
      text
     -->P_ONE text
     <--P_TWO text
form chnage_value using value(p_one)
                  changing p_two.
p_one = p_one + 1.
p_two = p_two + 1.
endform.                    " chnage_value
regards
Arun

Diff Using and changing in Perform

Hi All,
       What is the difference betwen USING and CHANGING in Perform.
Thanks in advance
                                              Ranjith

hi,
Using helps to use the parameter value passed.
Changing helps to change the parameter value and then use the same in main program with changed value.
Sample:
data : val1 type i value 1,
       val2 type i value 0.
perform calc using val1 changing val2.
Write / : 'Changing :' , val2.
write / : 'Using :' , val1.
*&      Form calc
      text
     -->P_VAL1 text
     <--P_VAL2 text
form calc using    p_val1
           changing p_val2.
p_val2 = p_val1 + 100.
*p_val1 = p_val1 + 100.
*Since p_val1 is passed as using,the above is not *permitted
endform.                    " calc
This link will clear all your Doubts reagrding Perform Statement.
Have a look:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/9f/db977635c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
rgds
anver

Difference between Using and Changing

hi,
while defining subroutines, what is the exact difference between Using and Changing?
when we pass by reference we can use both and while passing using value we can use both + Value (VAR).
Then what is the exact difference between two?
Also, what is formal parameter?q
Moderator message - Please do not ask or answer basic questions - thread locked
Edited by: Rob Burbank on Dec 14, 2009 3:31 PM

Hi C`hinmay,
When a subroutine is called with "USING" you can make use of the value inside your subroutine but you cannot change the value. With CHANGING you can CHANGE the value too. Formal parameter is the PARAMETER NAME used while defining the interface of a Subroutine.
Regards,
Ravi.

Subroutines using and changing

Hi All,
I am using a subroutines like this.
data num1 type i.
data num2 type i.
data res type i.
num1 = 10.
num2 = 20.
perform add.
form add.
res = num1 + num2.
write : res.
endform.
This returns the result.
But what are the changes if I use changing and using parameters and how do i use it in the current context.
Regards.
Sagar

hi,
in ur code ur r passing static local data to subroutine.
data num2 type i.
data res type i.
num1 = 10.
num2 = 20.
perform add.
form add.
res = num1 + num2.
write : res.
endform.
but if u use using and changing formal parameters ,then they can behave as dynamic local objects to the subroutine:
the code will look like:
perform add using num1 num2 changing res.
form add using x type i
y type i
changing z type i.

Diffrence b/w USING AND CHANGING

can any one tell me diffrence between USING and CHNAGING.
whether USING a (or) CHANGING a are equevalent?

hi prasanth,
see there r 3 types of psaaing rt
1.pass by value
2. pass by reference
3. pass by value and return
1.using value(a)----
this is pass by value
2.using (a) or changeing (a) -
this is pass by reference
3. changing value(a) -
this is pass by value and return.
pass by value and return -
this is pass by reference only if u dont exit from the subrotune expicitly. means if inside the form, there is exit statement or any other statement which forcibly returns from the control from the form with out reaching the end of the form, then it acts as pass by value else it acts as pass by refernce.

Using and chaning in perform statement

Hi,
can anyone explain the purpose of using and changing in perform statemnt
the using and changing fields in the corresponding form statemnts differs from the one in perform statment.
Can anyone explain me with a simple statement
Thanks
Kajol

Hi kajol,
Check the code below:
Imagine you need to change the date of v_datum and send the result to v_datum_ok.
data: v_datum(10) type c value '10/02/2007',
        v_datum_ok type dats.
PERFORM F_TEST USING v_datum CHANGING v_datumok.
Below is the form code:
FORM F_TEST USING P_DATUM CHANGING P_DATUM_OK.
data: v_day(2) type c,
        v_month(2) type c,
        v_year(4) type c.
split P_datum at '/' into v_day v_month v_year.
concatenate v_year v_month v_day into p_datum_ok.
ENDFORM. "F_TEST

Using n Changing

Can any body tell me why do we use 'using' and 'changing'.
what is the use of them.
for Eg in the code below :
FORM help_input_file USING    p_phys_file   TYPE c
                               p_locl_file   TYPE c
                      CHANGING p_source_path TYPE any.

Hi,
... USING [VALUE(p1)|p1] ... [VALUE(pn)|pn]
Effect
Defines formal parameters p1,...pn, which are replaced by actual parameters when the subroutine is called.
You can assign a type to the formal parameters p1, ..., pn (see specifying types). You can also specify the method with which they are passed.
Note
Passing methods:
USING ... p ...
The parameters are passed by reference. The field passed can be changed within the subroutine. The changes are kept beyond the subroutine.
USING ... VALUE(p) ...
The VALUE(...) addition passes the parameter by copying the field contents to a corresponding local field. VALUE parameters behave in the same way as local fields.
... CHANGING [VALUE(p1) |(p1)] ... [VALUE(pn) |(pn)]
Effect
The parameters after CHANGING can accept the same specifications as those after USING.
To link the VALUE specification with the change of a parameter value, you can use the addition CHANGING ... . Then, all the formal parameters specified by VALUE(...) are transported back to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine (i.e. after ENDFORM). If the subroutine is terminated by a dialog message, none of the parameters referenced by CHANGING VALUE ... changes.
Otherwise, the effect of USING and CHANGING is identical.
Reward if useful.
Regards,
U. Uma

Can we use overload and overwrite concept in OO-abap

hi
can we use overload and overwrite concept in OO-abap

Hi
CLASS zl_lcl_vehicle DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
Signature of method
METHODS: set_make
IMPORTING value(im_make) TYPE string " Pass by value
im_model TYPE string," Pass by reference
ENDCLASS. "zl_lcl_vehicle DEFINITION
CLASS zl_lcl_vehicle IMPLEMENTATION.
Implementation of method.
METHOD set_make.
IF im_make IS NOT INITIAL
AND im_model IS NOT INITIAL.
gv_make = im_make.
gv_model = im_model.
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD. "set_make
ENDCLASS. "zl_lcl_vehicle
Overloading means changing signature as well as implementation of a method.
Overriding is changing only implementation of method with signature unchanged.
From ABAP perspective, only the CONSTRUCTOR method can be overloaded in a subclass i.e both the signature and implementation can be adapted in subclass.
Any other method can't be overloaded. It can only be redefined/overridden i.e implementation changed with signature unchanged.
In ABAP there is something called a redefinition.
When you inherit a class from a super class, you can redifne a method. You cannot chnage the signature( Interface) of the method. It will remain the same as that of the super class.You must redefine a method in the same visibility section in which it appears in the superclass.
Eg.
CLASS C_SUPER_CLASS DEFINITION .
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: DRIVE ,
STOP.
PROTECTED SECTION.
DATA SPEED TYPE I.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_SUPER_CLASS IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD DRIVE.
SPEED = 0.
WRITE: / 'Bike speed =', SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_SUB_CLASS DEFINITION INHERITING FROM C_SUPER_CLASS.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS DRIVE REDEFINITION.
ENDCLASS
CLASS C_SUB_CLASS IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD DRIVE.
SPEED = SPEED + 10.
WRITE: / 'Bicycle speed =', SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Regards
Vasu

What is the use of change pointer concept in ale?

what is the use of change pointer concept in ale?
Edited by: Alvaro Tejada Galindo on Feb 6, 2008 5:10 PM

ALE Architecture:
It consists of an Outbound process, an Inbound process, and an Exception Handling process.
Outbound Process:
ALE Outbound Process in SAP sends data to one or more SAP Systems. It involves four steps.
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2. Generate the Master IDoc: The document or master data to be sent is read from the database and formatted into an IDoc format. This IDoc is called as a Master IDoc.
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Inbound Process:
The inbound process receives an IDoc and creates a document in the system.
1. Store the IDoc in the database: The IDoc is received from the sending system and stored in the database. Then the IDoc goes through a basic integrity check and syntax check.
2. Invoke the Posting Module: The control information in the IDoc and configuration tables are read to determine the posting program. The IDoc is then transferred to its posting program.
3. Create the Document: The posting program reads the IDoc data and then creates a document in the system. The results are logged in the IDoc.
Over view of IDocs:
IDoc is a container that is used to exchange data between any two processes. The document represented in an IDoc is independent of the complex structure SAP uses to store application data. This type of flexibility enables SAP to rearrange its internal structure without affecting the existing interface.
IDoc interface represents an IDoc Type or IDoc data. IDoc Type represents IDocs definition and IDoc Data is an instance of the IDoc Type.
IDoc Types:
IDoc type structure can consist of several segments, and each segment can consist of several data fields. The IDoc structure defines the syntax of the data by specifying a list of permitted segments and arrangement of the segments. Segments define a set of fields and their format.
An IDoc is an instance of an IDoc Type and consists of three types of records.
i. One Control record: each IDoc has only one control record. The control record contains all the control information about an IDoc, including the IDoc number, the sender and recipient information, and information such as the message type it represents and IDoc type. The control record structure is same for all IDocs.
ii. One or Many Data records: An IDoc can have multiple data records, as defined by the IDoc structure. Segments translate into data records, which store application data, such as purchase order header information and purchase order detail lines.
iii. One or Many Status records: An IDoc can have multiple status records. Status record helps to determine whether an IDoc has any error.
Message in IDoc Type:
A Message represents a specific type of document transmitted between two partners.
Outbound Process in IDocs:
Outbound process used the following components to generate an IDoc. A customer model, and IDoc structure, selection programs, filter objects, conversion rules, a port definition, an RFC destination, a partner profile, service programs, and configuration tables.
The Customer Model:
A customer model is used to model a distribution scenario. In a customer model, you identify the systems involved in a distribution scenario and the message exchanged between the systems.
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Change Pointers:
The change pointers technique is based on the change document technique, which tracks changes made to key documents in SAP, such as the material master, customer master and sales order.
Changes made to a document are recorded in the change document header table CDHDR, and additional change pointers are written in the BDCP table for the changes relevant to ALE.
IDoc Structure:
A message is defined for data that is exchanged between two systems. The message type is based on one or more IDoc structures.
Selection Program:
Is typically implemented as function modules, are designed to extract application data and create a master IDoc. A selection program exists for each message type. A selection programs design depends on the triggering mechanism used in the process.
Filter Objects;
Filter Objects remove unwanted data for each recipient of the data basing on the recipients requirement.
Port Definition:
A port is used in an outbound process to define the medium in which documents are transferred to the destination system. ALE used a Transactional RFC port, which transfers data in memory buffers.
RFC Destination:
The RFC destination is a logical name used to define the characteristics of a communication link to a remote system on which a function needs to be executed.
Partner Profile:
A partner profile specifies the components used in an outbound process(logical name of the remote SAP system, IDoc Type, message type, TRFC port), an IDocs packet size, the mode in which the process sends an IDoc (batch versus immediate), and the person to be notified in case of error.
Service Programs and Configuration Tables:
The outbound process, being asynchronous, is essentially a sequence of several processes that work together. SAP provides service programs and configuration tables to link these programs and provide customizing options for an outbound process.
Creation of IDoc:
Basic Type:
Basic IDoc type defines the structure and format of the business document that is to be exchanged between two systems.
Segments:
Segments form the basic building blocks of an IDoc type and are used to store the actual datta. A segment type is the name of a segment and is independent of the SAP elease. A segment definition is the release-specific name of a segment.
Steps in creating Segments:
T.Code WE31
Enter the name for your segment type and click on the create icon.
Type the Short text.
Enter the variable names and data elements.
Save and Go back.
Go to Edit -> Set Release.
Repeat the steps to create more segments.
IDOC TYPE:
Business data is exchanged with an external system using the IDoc Interface.
IDoc types (Special Structures) An IDoc type is defined through its permitted segments. Segments can be dependent on each other (parent and child segments). The IDoc interface can check for each IDoc whether thhe segments contained are compatible with thhe definitiion of its type. This systax check is activated or deactivated in the Partner Profiles.
Steps in creating IDoc Type:
T.Code WE30 to create IDoc Type.
Enter the Object Name, Select Basic Type and click Create Icon
Select the create new option and enter a description for your basic IDOC type and press enter
Select the IDoc name and click Create icon
The system prompts us to enter a segment type and its attributes
Choose the appropriate values and press enter
The system transfers the name of the segment type to the IDoc editor.
Follow these steps to add more number of segments to Parent or as Parent-child relation.
Save it and go back.
Go to Edit -> Set Release.
Message Type:
Steps in Creating Message Type:
T.Code WE81.
change the details from Display mode to Change mode
After selection, the system will give this message "The table is cross client (See help for further info)". Press enter.
Click New Entries to create new Message Type.
Fill details
Save it and go back.
Assign Message Type to IDoc Type:
T.Code WE82
Change the details from Display mode to change mode.
After selection, the system will give this message "The table is cross client (See help for further info)". Press enter.
Click New Entries to create new Message Type.
Fill details
Save it and go back.
<REMOVED BY MODERATOR>
Edited by: Alvaro Tejada Galindo on Feb 6, 2008 5:10 PM

How to resize and change the resolution of a batch of photos using Automator

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<== You'll have this guy soon!
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for f in "$@"
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But for printing purposes what you want is dpi or dots per inch.
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How do i run an external monitor with my macbook and change settings so that when i close the lid the signal to the monitor is not lost and i can continue using the mac with a mouse and a wireless keyboard?

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Perfor using and Changing Concept

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