Place symbols in ABAP Program Documenatation
Hi All,
I am preparing the documentation for ABAP Program.
From Main menu GOTO-->Dcouemnataion.
I want to place the symbol 'Empty circle'.
I am creating using Insert-->SAp symbols.But for evry symbol it is showing Square box.
What would be the pblm.How can i place empty circle in the documenatation.
Thanks,
i have solved my self the pblm.For you information that SYM_CIRCLE is not working it is taking the symbol as Square box.
Swapna.
Similar Messages
-
hi all,
i need to design flow chart for checking for a program whether it satifies the abap coding standards or not. who to do it. if possible send me graphical representations [flow charts] or links to find programming standards.
some of my requirements in that folw chart are
1. how to recognize a blank space in a given program,
2. how to recognize a comment,
3. how to check wheteher a keyword is used or not,
4. how to identify the ' :' symbol
thanks & regards,
suresh babu aluri.plz go through this documementaion,
i think its helpful.
ABAP Programming StandardsContents
1. Objective 5
2. Naming Conventions 5
2.1 Codes for naming conventions 5
2.1.1 Module Codes 5
2.1.2 Free text 6
2.2 Naming Convention of Development Objects 6
2.2.1 Package 6
2.2.2 Executable Program 6
2.2.3 BSP Application 7
2.2.4 Logical Database 8
2.2.5 SAP Scripts /Smartforms 9
2.2.6 Idocs 9
2.2.7 Transaction Code 10
2.2.8 Function Groups 10
2.2.9 Dictionary Objects 11
2.2.10 Message Class 11
2.2.11 Enhancement Projects (User Exits) 11
2.2.12 LSMW Objects 12
2.2.13 Classes 12
2.2.14 BOR Object Types 13
2.2.15 Screen / Transaction Variants 13
2.2.16 Area Menu 13
2.3 Naming of Sub-Objects 13
2.3.1 Program Sub-Objects 13
2.3.2 SAP Script /Smartform sub-objects 14
3. General Programming Guidelines 14
3.1 Modification Logs 14
3.2 Program Organization 15
3.2.1 Executable Programs 15
3.2.2 Dialog Programs 15
3.3 Package 15
3.3.1 Adding Components to existing objects 15
3.3.2 Creation of New Objects 15
3.4 Program Messages 15
3.4.1 Adding Messages to existing landscapes 15
3.4.2 Creation of New Objects 16
3.5 Dictionary Objects 16
4. Structure of ABAP Programs 16
4.1 Type 16
4.2 Status 18
4.3 Authority Check 18
4.4 Program Structure 19
4.4.1 Declaration data for global data, classes and selection screens 19
4.4.2 Container for Processing Blocks 19
4.4.3 Calling Processing Blocks 20
4.5 Screen Flow Logic (Dialog Programs) 20
4.5.1 Place the AT EXIT COMMAND at the beginning of the flow logic. 20
4.5.2 Use FIELD and CHAIN statements to keep fields in error open for correction. 20
4.6 Main Program 20
4.6.1 Events 20
5. General Coding Standards 21
5.1 One command per line 21
5.2 Indented Source Code 21
5.3 Extended Syntax Check 21
5.4 Reusability and Modularity 21
5.5 Text Handling 21
5.6 Usage of System Variables 22
5.7 Chaining Statements 22
5.8 Common Routines 22
5.9 Dialog Messages 22
5.10 Function Keys 23
5.11 Enqueuing and Dequeuing Data Objects 23
5.12 Error Handling (SY-SUBRC) 23
5.13 General Conventions and Hints 24
5.14 Parameters in Sub-Routines 24
6. Performance Standards 25
6.1 General Tips on Performance Tuning 25
6.1.1 Avoid Redundant code 25
6.1.2 Subroutine Usage 25
6.1.3 Case vs. Nested IF 25
6.1.4 Using the MOVE Statement 25
6.1.5 SELECT Queries 25
6.1.6 Using the READ statement 27
6.1.7 Hashed table 27
6.1.8 Transporting 28
6.1.9 Using LDB 28
6.1.10 Append Lines of 28
6.1.11 Use WHILE 28
6.1.12 DELETE <itab> WHERE 28
6.1.13 Using WHERE clause in LOOP .ENDLOOP 28
1. Objective
The objective of this document is to describe general programming guidelines, methodologies, Naming conventions and performance guidelines for all the programs developed for SAP Project.
2. Naming Conventions
This chapter describes the naming conventions to be followed for naming the programming objects for SAP project.
2.1 Codes for naming conventions
The variable portion of naming convention is given with Code ID given in angle brackets(<>). Use the following tables for replacing code IDs with codes in the object naming.
2.1.1 Module Codes
Code ID: mm
Code Description
FI Finance
CO Controlling Module
MM Materials Management
PP Production Planning
SD Sales & Distribution
QM Quality Management
PM Plant Maintenance
IM Inventory Management
WM Warehouse Management
BC Basis Module
BW Business Warehouse
WF Workflows (Master Data Management)
HR Human Resources
EBP EBP
PS Project Systems
PCP Synpro: Product Costing
PAP Synpro: COPA
DP APO : Demand Planning
SP APO : Supply Network Planning
DS APO : Production Planning & Detailed Scheduling
AT APO : Global ATP
TP APO : Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling
CI Core Interface
LC Live Cache
2.1.2 Free text
Code ID: ffff
Developer should replace ffff with meaningful text. The text can be multiple words separated by underscore.
2.2 Naming Convention of Development Objects
2.2.1 Package
Naming Convention: Z<mm>_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with Module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
2. Replace <ffff> with the sub-landscape of the Module that this Message Class caters to as illustrated in examples below.
3. The maximum permissible length for development class is 30 characters
Examples:
Dev. Class Description
ZFI_AR FI: Account Receivables
ZCO_CCA CO: Cost Center Accounting
2.2.2 Executable Program
Naming Convention: Z<mm>_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text as illustrated in examples below.
3. The maximum permissible length for program name is 30 characters. However, the name should be restricted to 25 characters to accommodate appropriate Include naming as described in 2.2.2.
Examples:
Program Name Description
ZFI_VAT_RET FI: Report for VAT Return
ZMM_AUTO_GR MM: Automated Goods Receipt
ZSD_XX_STCK_SHORTAGE SD: Stock shortage report for stock allocation
2.2.2.1 Includes for executable programs
Naming Convention: Z<mm>_<ffff>_<Inn>.
Notes:
1. All includes of executable program will be prefixed by Z, followed by the same program name as described in 2.2.2 above.
2. Replace <Inn> with include type and sequence number. Use the following table for includes.
Include Type ID Description
TOP Top Include.
Fnn Subroutine pool (Forms)
Inn PAI Modules
Onn PBO Modules
Xnn Other Includes
The maximum permissible length for Include name is 30 characters.
Examples:
Include Name Main Program Name Description
ZFI_VAT_RET_TOP ZFI_VAT_RET FI: Report for VAT Return Top Include
ZFI_VAT_RET_F01 ZFI_VAT_RET FI: Report for VAT Return Forms
ZMM_AUTO_GR_TOP ZMM_FR_AUTO_GR MM: Automated Goods Receipt Top include
ZMM_AUTO_GR_F01 ZMM_FR_AUTO_GR MM: Automated Goods Receipt Forms
2.2.3 BSP Application
2.2.3.1 Main Application
Naming Convention: BSP Applications shall follow the same Naming Convention as Executable Programs i.e. Z<mm>_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text as illustrated in examples below.
2.2.3.2 Pages & Controllers
Naming Convention: <ffff>
Notes:
1. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text, that adequately describes the function of the page/controller
2.2.3.3 Theme
Naming Convention: Z_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text
2.2.3.4 Mime Objects:
Naming Convention: <ffff>
1. A MIME Object can be logo for the company.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text, that adequately describes the function of the MIME objects
2.2.3.5 Controller and Handler Classes:
See section Classes (Section 2.2.133)
2.2.3.6 BSP Extension
Naming Convention: Z_<ffff>
Notes:
1. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text
2.2.3.7 BSP Layout elements id
Label: lb_fffff
Input field: if_fffff
Button: b_fffff
Text Edit: te_fffff
Text View: tv_fffff
Radio button Group: rbg_fffff
Radio button: rb_fffff
Check Box Group: cbg_fffff
Check Box cb_fffff
Tray tr_fffff
Tabstrip ts_fffff
Tableview tab_fffff
1. Replace <fffff> with meaningful text
2.2.4 Logical Database
Naming Convention: Z<mm>_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text
3. The maximum permissible length for LDB name is 20 characters. However, the name should be restricted to 15 characters to accommodate appropriate Include naming
4. LDB Program and LDB Program Includes shall follow the naming convention Auto-Generated by SAP
2.2.5 SAP Scripts /Smartforms
Naming Convention: ZF<mm>_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text as illustrated in examples below.
Examples:
Form Name Description
ZFFI_EMP_CONF Employee Confirmation Letter
ZFFI_ANN_TO Annual Turnover Letter To Customers and Vendors
2.2.6 Idocs
2.2.6.1 Idoc Types
Basic Type :
Naming Convention : ZB<FFFF>NN
Notes:
1.Replace <NN> with sequence number.
3. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text.
Extension Type : ZX<Basic type name>_NN
Notes:
1. Replace <NN> with sequence number .
2.2.6.2 Message Types
Naming Convention : ZM<mm><ffff>.
Notes :
1. Replace <mm> with module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text .
2.2.6.3 Process Code
Naming Convention : Z<ffff>.
Notes :
1. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text ..
2.2.6.4 IDOC Segments
Naming Convention : Z1<ffff>.
Notes :
1.Replace <ffff> with meaningful text as illustrated in examples below.
2.2.7 Transaction Code
Notes:
1. The tcode name is provided by SAP TIN The Developer must write a mail to SAP Tin asking for the T-Code name with a filled form.
The form can be found at :
2.2.8 Function Groups
Naming Convention: Z<mm><ffff>
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with relevant module code as given above
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text.
2.2.8.1 Function Group Include Programs
Naming Convention: LZ<Function Group><Inn>.
Notes:
1. All includes of Function Group program will be prefixed by LZ, followed by the Function Group name
2. Replace <Inn> with include type and sequence number. Use the values from the table given in 2.2.2.1
Examples:
Include Name Function Group Name Description
SAPLZMMPURCHASING ZMMPURCHASING F.Group-Purchasing: Main Program
LZMMPURCHASINGO01 ZMMPURCHASING F.Group-Purchasing: PBO
LZMMPURCHASINGI01 ZMMPURCHASING F.Group-Purchasing: PAI
LZMMPURCHASINGF01 ZMMPURCHASING F.Group-Purchasing: Forms
LZMMPURCHASINGTOP ZMMPURCHASING F.Group-Purchasing: Data Declarations
2.2.8.2 Function Modules
2.2.8.2.1 Normal Function Modules
Convention: Z_<mm>_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with relevant module code as given above.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text.
2.2.8.2.2 IDOC Function Modules
Convention: Z_IDOC_<mode>_<msg type>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mode> with INPUT or OUTPUT depending on whether the function processes incoming or outgoing IDOC.
2. Replace <msg type> with the IDOC message type.
2.2.9 Dictionary Objects
Tables: Z<mm><ffff>
Structures: ZS<mm><ffff>
Views: ZV<mm><ffff>
Data Element: ZDE<mm><ffff>
Domain: ZDO<mm><ffff>
Table Type: ZTT<mm><ffff>
Type Group: Z<ffff>
Search Help: ZSH<mm><ffff>
Lock Object: EZ<mm><ffff>
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with module code given above.
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text.
2.2.10 Message Class
Naming Convention: Z<mm>_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. Replace <mm> with Module codes given in section 2.1.1 above.
2. Replace <ffff> with the sub-landscape of the Module that this Message Class caters to as illustrated in examples below.
3. The maximum permissible length for development class is 30 characters
Examples:
Msg. Class Description
ZFI_AR FI: Account Receivables
ZCO_CCA CO: Cost Center Accounting
2.2.11 Enhancement Projects (User Exits)
Convention: Z<XX><nn>.
Notes:
1. XX is the application area code e.g. for sales it is SD etc.
2. 'nn' is one up number for one application area. It starts with 001.
3. Maximum length of the Project name is 8.
Example: The name of the SD enhancement project can be ZSD001.
2.2.12 LSMW Objects
2.2.12.1 Project
Naming Convention: ZM_<ffff>.
Notes:
1. 1. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text
2. The maximum permissible length for Project name is 16 characters. But please limit it to 12.
Example : ZM_VENDOR
2.2.12.2 SubProject
Naming Convention: ZM_<ffff>_<n>.
Notes:
Suffix Project name with a running sequence no.
Example : ZM_VENDOR_1
2.2.12.3 Object
Naming Convention: ZM_<ffff>_<n><n>.
Notes:
Suffix Subproject name with a running sequence no.
Example : ZM_VENDOR_11
2.2.13 Classes
Naming Convention: ZCL_[IM/DF/BSPCO/BSPHN/BADI]_<ffff>.
1. IM: Implementation Class;
DF: Definition Class
BSPCO: BSP Controller class
BSPHN: BSP Handler class
BADI : BADI implementation
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text: In case of Implementation classes, it should preferably be the same as that of the Definition Class
3. Example:
IMPLEMENTATION Class: ZCL_IM_REBATE_SETTL
DEFINITION: ZCL_DF_REBATE_SETTL
2.2.14 BOR Object Types
Object Convention Example
Supertype Z<ffff> ZLVAPPL
SubType Z<SuperType><nn> ZZLVAPPL01
Program <Subtype> ZZLVAPPL01
1. Replace <nn> with a running 2 digit serial Number
2. Replace <ffff> with meaningful text
2.2.15 Screen / Transaction Variants
Naming Convention: <tcode>_<ffff>
Where:
1. Replace <tcode> with the t-code that will be assigned to this Variant
2. Replace ffff with a meaningful text
E.g.:
For an SE16 variant for table KONA that will be used by T-Code Z_CH_SD_001:
Z_CH_SD_001_KONA
2.2.16 Area Menu
Naming Convention: Z<mm>_<Main Menu>_<Sub Menu> <ffff>
Where:
1. Replace <mm> with the Module code
2. Followed by the hierarchical position of the immediate parent of this Area Menu
3. Followed by a Meaningful text for this Menu
E.g.:
ZSD
ZSD_TAB
ZSD_TAB_VIEW
ZSD_TAB_UPDT
Notes:
1. Clusters of Transactions should be introduced as Sub-Menus rather than as Folders
2. As a gradual process, the current Clusters that exist as Folders should also be replaced with Sub-Menus
2.3 Naming of Sub-Objects
2.3.1 Program Sub-Objects
Naming of all the internal components of a program will be consistent across the project.
Naming Convention: <Prefix>ffff.
Notes:
1. Replace <Prefix> with the component prefix values given in the table below.
Program Component Prefixed by
Program Constants C_
Global Variables W_
Types Definition T_
Global Structures WA_
Global Internal Tables I_
Select-Options SO_
Parameters PO_
Table Type TT_
Field Symbols FS_
Ranges R_
Local Constants LC_
Local Variables L_
Local Static Variables LS_
Local Internal Tables LI_
Local Work Area LWA_
Local Range LR_
Field Groups FG_
Container CO_
Macro MA_
Important: The Same sequence as above must be followed in the Data declaration part of all the ABAP/4 programs.
2.3.2 SAP Script /Smartform sub-objects
Naming of all the internal components of a SAPScript/SmartForm shall follow the same convention as for Programs (2.2.2), with the addition of the Field Label on the FRS. E.g. if the FRS has labeled a field for Sales Order Number as Field 27 on the Layout, the variable name should be W_27_VBELN.
3. General Programming Guidelines
3.1 Modification Logs
At the top of every ABAP Object Modified by a Developer, there should be a Modification Log Every Line Created/Changed by the developer should be Identifiable by the TR Number.
ABAP Patterns: Following Patterns should be used for Uniform ModLogs:
Nature of Change Pattern to Use
New Development ZZNEWPROG
In-Line Logs ZZLINE
Modification Logs at the Top of Object ZZMODLOG
3.2 Program Organization
All the programs will be organized as described below.
3.2.1 Executable Programs
TOP Include: For global data declarations
Form Include: For definition of all the FORMs.
3.2.2 Dialog Programs
TOP Include: For global data declarations
Form Include: For definition of all the FORMs.
PBO Include: Include for PBO Modules
PAI Include: Include for PAI Modules
3.3 Package
All the related objects within a sub-module of SAP will be developed under a single Package.
3.3.1 Adding Components to existing objects
When adding new workbench components to existing Objects, the same Package will be used as has been used for the existing Components
3.3.2 Creation of New Objects
When creating new Objects or new Sub-lanscapes, Packages used should have the Naming convention as in Section 2 Above
3.4 Program Messages
All the messages within a sub-module of SAP will be grouped under a single Message Class.
3.4.1 Adding Messages to existing landscapes
When adding new messages for existing Objects, the same Message Class will be used as has been used for the existing Objects
3.4.2 Creation of New Objects
When creating new Objects or new Sub-landscapes, Message classes used should have the Naming convention as in Section 2 Above
3.5 Dictionary Objects
Whenever you create a Z table in system always include MANDT field as the first field, except when the table contains client independent data. Also create the table with attribute Data Class as USER.
4. Structure of ABAP Programs
4.1 Type
When an ABAP program is run, its processing blocks are called. ABAP programs are controlled from outside the program itself by the processors in the current work process. For the purposes of program flow, we can summarize the screen processor and ABAP processor into the ABAP runtime environment. The runtime environment controls screens and ABAP processing blocks. It contains a range of special control patterns that call screens and processing blocks in certain orders. These sections are also called processors. When a ABAP program is run, the control passes between various processors.
In the R/3 System, there are various types of ABAP program. The program type determines the basic technical attributes of the program, and must be set when created. The main difference between the different program types is the way in which the runtime environment calls its processing blocks.
When an application program is run, it must at least call the first processing block from outside the program, that is, from the runtime environment. This processing block can then either call further processing blocks or return control to the runtime environment. When an ABAP program is started, the runtime environment starts a processor (dependent on the program type), which calls the first ABAP processing block.
The following program types are relevant to application programming:
Type 1
Type 1 programs have the important characteristic that they do not have to be controlled using user-defined screens. Instead, they are controlled by the runtime environment, which calls a series of processing blocks (and selection screens and lists where necessary) in a fixed sequence. User actions on screens can then trigger further processing blocks.
Type M
The most important technical attribute of a type M program is that it can only be controlled using screen flow logic and run via a transaction code which is linked to the program and one of its screens (initial screen).
ABAP programs with type M contain the dialog modules belonging to the various screens. They are therefore known as module pools.
Type F
Type F programs are containers for function modules, and cannot be started using a transaction code or by entering their name directly.
Type F programs are known as function groups. Function modules may only be programmed in function groups. The Function Builder is a tool in the ABAP Workbench that is used to create function groups and function modules. Apart from function modules, function groups can contain global data declarations and subroutines. These are visible to all function modules in the group. They can also contain event blocks for screens in function modules.
Type K
Type K programs are containers for global classes in ABAP Objects. Type K programs are known as class definitions. The Class Builder is a tool in the ABAP Workbench that can be used to create class definitions.
Type J
Type J programs are containers for global interface in ABAP Objects. Type J programs are known as interface definitions and are created in the Class Builder.
Type I
Type I programs - called includes - are a means of dividing up program code into smaller, more manageable units. The coding of an include program can be inserted at any point in another ABAP program using the INCLUDE statement. There is no technical relationship between include programs and processing blocks. Includes are more suitable for logical programming units, such as data declarations, or sets of similar processing blocks. The ABAP Workbench has a mechanism for automatically dividing up module pools and function groups into include programs.
4.2 Status
P = SAP standard production program
K = Customer production program
S = System program
T = Test program
Application
Categorize the program according to the purpose it fulfills.
4.3 Authority Check
Authority checks will be carried out as given in the respective FRSs.
4.4 Program Structure
ABAP programs are responsible for data processing within the individual dialog steps (ie. events) of an application program. This means that the program cannot be constructed as a single sequential unit, but must be divided into sections that can be assigned to the individual dialog steps. To meet this requirement, ABAP programs should have a modular structure. Each module is called a processing block. A processing block consists of a set of ABAP statements. When a program is run, effectively a series of processing blocks is called. Therefore, they should not be nested but modularized.
Each ABAP program consists of the following two parts:
4.4.1 Declaration data for global data, classes and selection screens
The first part of an ABAP program is the declaration part for global data, classes, and selection screens. This consists of:
All declaration statements for global data. Global data is visible in all internal processing blocks and should be defined using declarative statements that appear before the first processing block, in dialog modules, or in event blocks. Local data should not be declared in dialog modules or event blocks.
All selection screen definitions.
All local class definitions (CLASS DEFINITION statement). Local classes are part of ABAP Objects, the object-oriented extension of ABAP.
Declaration statements which occur in procedures (methods, subroutines, function modules) form the declaration part for local data in those processing blocks. This data is only visible within the procedure in which it is declared.
4.4.2 Container for Processing Blocks
The second part of an ABAP program contains all of the processing blocks for the program. The following types of processing blocks are allowed:
1. Dialog modules (no local data area)
2. Event blocks (no local data area)
3. Procedures (methods, subroutines and function modules with their own local data area).
Whereas dialog modules and procedures are enclosed in the ABAP keywords which define them, event blocks are introduced with event keywords and concluded implicitly by the beginning of the next processing block.
All ABAP statements (except declarative statements in the declaration part of the program) are part of a processing block. Non-declarative ABAP statements, which occur between the declaration of global data and a processing block are automatically assigned to the START-OF-SELECTION processing block.
4.4.3 Calling Processing Blocks
Processing blocks can be called from either the ABAP program or using ABAP commands which are themselves part of a processing block. Dialog modules and event blocks are called from outside the ABAP program. Procedures are called using ABAP statements in ABAP programs.
Calling event blocks is different from calling other processing blocks for the following reasons:
An event block call is triggered by an event. User actions on selection screens and lists, and the runtime environment trigger events that can be processed in ABAP programs. Define event blocks for the events that the program needs to react to (whereas a subroutine call, for example, must have a corresponding subroutine). This ensures that while an ABAP program may react to a particular event, it is not forced to do so.
4.5 Screen Flow Logic (Dialog Programs)
4.5.1 Place the AT EXIT COMMAND at the beginning of the flow logic.
Example:
PROCESS AFTER INPUT
MODULE EXIT_1170 AT EXIT-COMMAND.
MODULE PAINT_1170.
4.5.2 Use FIELD and CHAIN statements to keep fields in error open for correction.
Example:
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
MODULE EXIT_1170 AT EXIT-COMMAND.
CHAIN.
FIELD BTCH1170-JOBNAME.
FIELD BTCH1170-USERNAME.
FIELD BTCH1170-FROM_DATE.
FIELD BTCH1170-FROM_TIME.
MODULE PAINT_1170.
ENDCHAIN.
4.6 Main Program
4.6.1 Events
The Program MUST NOT be coded without the use of Proper Coding blocks
Initializations
Top-of-page during line-selection
At Selection-Screen
At Line-Selection
At User-Command
At Pfn
Start-Of-Selection
Top-Of-Page
Get
End-Of-Page
End-Of-Selection
NOTE: The coding for each event should be logically split into forms (subroutines). That is to say, each event will comprise mostly of PERFORM statements.
5. General Coding Standards
5.1 One command per line
Each ABAP/4 command consists of a sentence ending with a period. Multiple commands can be on one line; however, as a standard start each new command on a new line. This will allow for easier deleting, commenting, and debugging.
5.2 Indented Source Code
The ABAP/4 editor has a "Pretty Printer" command to indent by 2 positions specific lines of code and add subroutine comments. Event keywords are typically not indented.
5.3 Extended Syntax Check
Extended Program Check (EPC) to be done on each object to make sure the code is Syntactically correct. There should be no Error/warning messages in the code.
5.4 Reusability and Modularity
If a block of code is executed more than once, it should be placed in a subroutine at the bottom of the code. This makes the code more readable, requires less indentation, and is easier to debug since the debugger can jump through an entire subroutine via a PF key. Also, when possible parameters should be passed to and from subroutines to make the purpose easier to understand and reduce the need for global variables. Always document the purpose of each parameter.
5.5 Text Handling
Text elements must be used to display any text messages.
5.6 Usage of System Variables
The system variables should be used wherever possible. The SY-SUBRC is to be checked after any function call, selection operation, etc.
5.7 Chaining Statements
Consecutive sentences with an identical beginning shall be combined into a chained statement.
Example:
Instead of the statements
MOVE SY-MANDT TO D00001-MANDT.
MOVE SY-LANGU TO D00001-SPRAS.
A chained statement shall be used
MOVE:
SY-MANDT TO D00001-MANDT,
SY-LANGU TO D00001-SPRAS,
SY-UNAME TO D00001-BNAME.
5.8 Common Routines
Standard sub-routines should be implemented as FUNCTION's rather than a FORM (ie. SUBROUTINE). A FUNCTION is easier to maintain and can be easily tested without a calling program. Standard SAP function modules are also available and the function library should be used to check if function modules already exist for a function that needs to be performed i.e.POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_LOSS_OF_DATA etc.
Includes can also be created for re-usable or common code e.g. common data declaration statements.
5.9 Dialog Messages
Dialogue messages are stored in table T100. Programmers shall check to see if an appropriate message exists before adding a new message. Programs shall use the message-id which corresponds to the SAP module that the program most relates to.
5.10 Function Keys
PF-keys should be programmed to execute functions where required. SAP Standard function keys should be used where appropriate. The most commonly used buttons should be displayed as pushbuttons in the application toolbar.
5.11 Enqueuing and Dequeuing Data Objects
All database objects being processed by a program, for purposes other than for display, shall be enqueued before such processing is executed. If the enqueue is unsuccessful, then a message shall be returned stating why the enqueue was unsuccessful.
Enqueue and Dequeue objects should be created via the data dictionary.
5.12 Error Handling (SY-SUBRC)
Return codes shall always be checked immediately after an event which returns a code.
Eg. Function calls, Select statements, Updates etc.
The value of SY-SUBRC is 0 when successful and generally produces a value of 4 when unsuccessful (there are a few exceptions).
Therefore, rather check SY-SUBRC with:
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0
than with
IF SY-SUBRC = 4 (which is redundant and makes the system do a double check)
Error messages displayed to the user must be clear and descriptive.
Remember to group related / dependant steps together and to Rollback all changes for steps in that group should any one of them fail, thus maintaining the integrity of the system.
Check whether an Error Log, (file), must be produced by your program and if so check on the format of the file.
If any Error Logging is done to a custom table in the database then make sure this table is maintained and monitored correctly. (Dev. Note)
Transaction SE91 provides the facility to create and utilize messages in their appropriate message class. Elaborate on the message if necessary, using the long text documentation for that message number.
5.13 General Conventions and Hints
There should be NO hard coding of values in programs easy maintainability
For amounts, use the CURRENCY command in write statements to automatically convert fields into their correct decimal format. The currency specified in the write statement is treated as a key for the table TCURX. If no entry exists for the currency specified, the system assumes two decimal places.
For quantities, use the UNIT command in write statements to automatically convert fields into their correct decimal format. The contents of the unit specified are used on table T006. If no entry exists for the unit specified, the formatting has no effect.
Use the LIKE statement as often as possible to declare DATA variables instead of an explicit TYPE declarations.
Try to use the INCLUDE statement with standard SAP structures and tables for your structures and internal tables where possible. If you use the include statement to include other program components in your code then document what those components are, what they do and how to use them.
Try to make use of standard SAP Function Modules wherever possible rather than building your own. Use the pull down functionality in transaction SE37 to find suitable standard function modules.
Make use of the SAP PATTERN tool to automatically insert the standard code for:
CALL FUNCTION
MESSAGE ID
SELECT*FROM
PERFORM
AUTHORITY-CHECK
WRITE
CASE
CALL DIALOG
The standard date format to use is DD/MM/YYYY. (Dev. Note)
The standard time format to use is HH:MM:SS.
5.14 Parameters in Sub-Routines
Naming convention for Parameters in subroutine is P_
6. Performance Standards
6.1 General Tips on Performance Tuning
6.1.1 Avoid Redundant code
Avoid leaving "dead" code in the program. Comment out variables that are not referenced and code that is not executed. To analyze the program, use the Program Analysis function in SE38 -> Utilities -> Program Analysis.
6.1.2 Subroutine Usage
For good modularization, the decision of whether or not to execute a subroutine should be made before the subroutine is called.
Example:
IF f1 NE 0.
PERFORM sub1.
ENDIF.
FORM sub1.
ENDFORM.
6.1.3 Case vs. Nested IF
When testing fields "equal to" something, one can use either the nested IF or the CASE statement. The CASE is better for two reasons. It is easier to read and after about five nested IFs the performance of the CASE is more efficient.
6.1.4 Using the MOVE Statement
When records a and b have the exact same structure, it is more efficient to MOVE a TO b than to MOVE-CORRESPONDING a TO b.
6.1.5 SELECT Queries
The performance of any ABAP program mainly depends on the ABAP Queries used in it. More optimum the queries , better the performance. Take care of the points mentioned nin the following sections while writing any ABAP queries.
6.1.5.1 Using all the keys in SELECT statement
When using the SELECT statement, study the key and always provide as much of the left-most part of the key as possible. The SELECT * command is to be avoided everywhere.
6.1.5.2 Fetching Single Record
If the entire key can be qualified, code a SELECT SINGLE not just a SELECT. If all the keys are not available, we should use SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS if we are interested only in the first record.
6.1.5.3 Avoid SELECT-ENDSELECT
Selecting data into an internal table using an array fetch versus a SELECT-ENDELECT loop will give at least a 2x performance improvement. After the data has been put into the internal data, then row-level processing can be done.
Example:
select ... from table <..>
into <itab>
where ...
loop at <itab>
<do the row-level processing here>
endloop.
6.1.5.4 Using Indexs
Use indexes wherever possible. Tune the Query so that optimum Indexing will happen.
6.1.5.5 Provide all the keys
Give as many keys as possible in the WHERE clause to optimize the database fetching. Use the Index fields in the first position to optimize performance.
6.1.5.6 Avoid INTO CORRESPONDING
Avoid using INTO CORESPONDING FIELDS of Table. Instead, explicitly mention the fields. Else, The Table Fields should be in the same sequence as the selection
6.1.5.7 SELECT statement inside LOOP
Do not write SELECT statements inside the loop. Instead, use the FOR ALL ENTRIES Command
Before using FOR ALL ENTRIES command, check that the
1. Corresponding Internal table is not empty. If the Internal table is empty, the statement will select ALL the entries in the Database
2. The Internal table is sorted by the Filed used in the Where Clause: This makes selection faster
6.1.5.8 Nested SELECT statement
Avoid Using nested SELECT statements. Instead, make use of different internal tables to fetch the data, and Use Nested LOOPS to read them.
6.1.5.9 Select Distinct
Whenever its possible avoid SELECT DISTINCT, instead select data into internal table, sort and use DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES
6.1.5.10 Use of OR in Where Clause
Do not use OR when selecting data from DB table using an index because The optimizer generally stops if the WHERE condition contains an OR expression.
e.g.
Instead of
SELECT * FROM spfli WHERE carrid = LH
AND (cityfrom = FRANKFURT OR
city from = NEWYORK)
Use
SELECT * FROM spfli WHERE (carrid = LH AND cityfrom = FRANKFURT)
OR (carrid = LH AND cityfrom = NEWYORK).
6.1.5.11 Order By
ORDER BY will Bypass buffer. So, performance will decrease. If you want to sort data, it is efficient to SORT them in INTERNAL TABLE rather than using ORDER BY. Only use an ORDER BY in your SELECT if the order matches the index, which should be used.
6.1.6 Using the READ statement
When reading a single record in an internal table, the READ TABLE WITH KEY is not a direct READ. The table needs to be sorted by the Key fields and the command READ TABLE WITH KEY BINARY SEARCH is to be used.
6.1.7 Hashed table
If the number of entries in the Internal Table is high then use Hashed Table with Keys to access the table.
6.1.8 Transporting
With READ or MODIFY Statements use TRANSPORTING
6.1.9 Using LDB
In order to improve performance in case of an LDB, individual tables can be excluded from selection. Under the section Table Selection in the Documentation of LDB the fields with proper description has been given those fields can be set in the application report at the time of INITIALIZATION or at the START OF SELECTION. This can enhance the performance.
6.1.10 Append Lines of
Whenever it is possible use APPEND LINES OF to append the internal Tables instead of using loop and then APPEND Statement.
6.1.11 Use WHILE
Use WHILE instead of a DO+EXIT-construction, as WHILE is easier to understand and faster to execute
6.1.12 DELETE <itab> WHERE
Use DELETE <itab> WHERE for deleting records from an internal table.
e.g.
Instead of
LOOP AT <itab> WHERE <field> = 0001
DELETE <itab>.
ENDLOOP.
Use
DELETE <itab> WHERE <field> = 0001.
6.1.13 Using WHERE clause in LOOP .ENDLOOP
Use:
Sort ITAB by NAME.
Loop at itab where name EQ SY-UNAME
Endloop.
Instead Of:
Read itab with key name = SY-UNAME.
L_tabix = sy-tabix.
Loop at itab from l_tabix.
If name eq bijoy
Endif.
Endloop. -
Reading Webservice information from ABAP Program
Hi All,
How to read a webservice information from a ABAP program ?
Are there any webservices available in ABAP which can do this .
Gopal.Hi,
The following code will call the web service and fill the data into internal table which was received from the Web service. This code will send & Receive the data from ABAP to Webservice.
Change the Header detail as per your Webservice.
REPORT ZWORKORDER.
TYPES: BEGIN OF OUTTAB1 ,
JOBCODE(20),
COMPONENTCODE(20),
ACCURATEHOURS(20),
ACCURATECOST(20),
LENGTH TYPE I,
END OF OUTTAB1 .
DATA: OUTTAB TYPE TABLE OF OUTTAB1.
DATA: TAB TYPE OUTTAB1.
DATA: WF_O LIKE LINE OF OUTTAB .
DATA: XSLT_ERR TYPE REF TO CX_XSLT_EXCEPTION .
DATA: RLENGTH TYPE I,
TXLEN TYPE STRING .
DATA: HTTP_CLIENT TYPE REF TO IF_HTTP_CLIENT .
DATA: WF_STRING TYPE STRING .
DATA: WF_STRING1 TYPE STRING .
DATA: WF_PROXY TYPE STRING ,
WF_PORT TYPE STRING .
CLEAR WF_STRING .
Form the input string to send the Input Data to Web service.
CONCATENATE
'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>'
'<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">'
' <soap:Body>'
' <GetWorkOrder xmlns="http://*******erica.net/webservices/">'
' <nWorkOrder>2</nWorkOrder>'
' <nDistributorCode>4871</nDistributorCode>'
' <model>HM400</model>'
' <type>1 </type>'
' </GetWorkOrder>'
' </soap:Body>'
'</soap:Envelope>'
INTO WF_STRING .
CLEAR :RLENGTH , TXLEN .
RLENGTH = STRLEN( WF_STRING ) .
MOVE: RLENGTH TO TXLEN .
CLEAR: WF_PROXY, WF_PORT .
CALL METHOD CL_HTTP_CLIENT=>CREATE
EXPORTING
HOST = '192.168.1.41' "'http://****merica.net/webservices'
SERVICE = '8080'
SCHEME = '1'
IMPORTING
CLIENT = HTTP_CLIENT.
HTTP_CLIENT->PROPERTYTYPE_LOGON_POPUP = HTTP_CLIENT->CO_DISABLED.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->REQUEST->SET_HEADER_FIELD
EXPORTING
NAME = '~request_method'
VALUE = 'POST'.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->REQUEST->SET_HEADER_FIELD
EXPORTING
NAME = '~server_protocol'
VALUE = 'HTTP/1.1'.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->REQUEST->SET_HEADER_FIELD
EXPORTING
NAME = '~request_uri'
VALUE = '/service/accurate/workorder.asmx?'.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->REQUEST->SET_HEADER_FIELD
EXPORTING
NAME = 'Content-Type'
VALUE = 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->REQUEST->SET_HEADER_FIELD
EXPORTING
NAME = 'Content-Length'
VALUE = TXLEN.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->REQUEST->SET_HEADER_FIELD
EXPORTING
NAME = 'SOAPAction'
VALUE = 'http://********merica.net/webservices/GetWorkOrder'.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->REQUEST->SET_CDATA
EXPORTING
DATA = WF_STRING
OFFSET = 0
LENGTH = RLENGTH.
Send the Input Data to Web service.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->SEND
EXCEPTIONS
HTTP_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE = 1
HTTP_INVALID_STATE = 2.
Receive the Input from Web Serice.
CALL METHOD HTTP_CLIENT->RECEIVE
EXCEPTIONS
HTTP_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE = 1
HTTP_INVALID_STATE = 2
HTTP_PROCESSING_FAILED = 3.
CLEAR WF_STRING1 .
WF_STRING1 = HTTP_CLIENT->RESPONSE->GET_CDATA( ).
DATA: LENGTH TYPE I.
LENGTH = STRLEN( WF_STRING1 ).
DATA: VALUE_FIELD TYPE NAME_KOMP.
DATA: VALUE TYPE REF TO DATA.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FS_CONVERTED_DATA>.
DATA: TAB1 TYPE TABLE OF STRING.
DATA: FROM_LENGTH TYPE I VALUE 1.
DATA: TO_LENGTH TYPE I.
DATA: DIFF TYPE I.
DATA: START TYPE I VALUE 1.
DO.
JOBCODE.
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR 'JobCode=' . "STARTING AT START .
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
FROM_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS .
FROM_LENGTH = FROM_LENGTH + 8.
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR 'JobDescription=' ."STARTING AT START ..
TO_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS .
DIFF = TO_LENGTH - FROM_LENGTH .
MOVE WF_STRING1+FROM_LENGTH(DIFF) TO TAB-JOBCODE.
TO_LENGTH = DIFF + TO_LENGTH.
SHIFT WF_STRING1 BY TO_LENGTH PLACES.
COMPONENT CODE
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR 'ComponentCode=' .
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
FROM_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS .
FROM_LENGTH = FROM_LENGTH + 14.
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR 'ComponentDescription=' .
TO_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS .
DIFF = TO_LENGTH - FROM_LENGTH .
MOVE WF_STRING1+FROM_LENGTH(DIFF) TO TAB-COMPONENTCODE.
TO_LENGTH = DIFF + TO_LENGTH.
SHIFT WF_STRING1 BY TO_LENGTH PLACES.
AccurateHours
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR 'AccurateHours=' .
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
FROM_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS .
FROM_LENGTH = FROM_LENGTH + 14.
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR 'AccurateCost='.
TO_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS .
DIFF = TO_LENGTH - FROM_LENGTH .
MOVE WF_STRING1+FROM_LENGTH(DIFF) TO TAB-ACCURATEHOURS.
TO_LENGTH = DIFF + TO_LENGTH.
AccurateCost
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR 'AccurateCost='.
FROM_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS.
FROM_LENGTH = FROM_LENGTH + 13.
SEARCH WF_STRING1 FOR '/>'.
TO_LENGTH = SY-FDPOS.
DIFF = TO_LENGTH - FROM_LENGTH .
MOVE WF_STRING1+FROM_LENGTH(DIFF) TO TAB-ACCURATECOST.
TO_LENGTH = DIFF + TO_LENGTH.
SHIFT WF_STRING1 BY TO_LENGTH PLACES.
APPEND TAB TO OUTTAB.
ENDDO.
WRITE: (10) 'JOBCODE'.
WRITE (20) 'COMPONENTCODE'.
WRITE (30) 'ACCURATEHOURS'.
WRITE (40) 'ACCURATECOST'.
LOOP AT OUTTAB INTO TAB.
WRITE:/ TAB-JOBCODE .
WRITE (20) TAB-COMPONENTCODE.
WRITE (30) TAB-ACCURATEHOURS.
WRITE (40) TAB-ACCURATECOST.
ENDLOOP .
It is better to create a proxy, it then puts a level of abstraction between in that coding. All you need to do is then access the proxy class.
Besides that i think you can do it by configuring the ITS and calling the webservice by means of using BSP applications in ABAP
<b>I believe you need to create a proxy in order to consume your web service.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/bf/d005244e9d1d4d92b2fe7935556b4c/frameset.htm
Reward points</b>
Regards -
SAP naming conventions: customer DDIC objects, ABAP programming
SAP Note 16466 Customer name range for SAP objects contains the SAP naming conventions for customer DDIC objects. Rule of thumb is that the names reserved for customer objects start with 'Y' or 'Z'. However, this note contains the naming convention for DDIC objects only.
ABAP Code Inspector (transaction SCI) contains the following naming convention for ABAP programming:
- Global types: T_
- Global constants: C_
- Global data: gv_
- Global field-symbols: FS_
- Global parameters: P_
- Global select-options: S_
- Global field-groups: FS_
- Local types: LT_
- Local constants: LC_
- Local data: v_
- Local field-symbols: LFS_
This is the only place I know for ABAP programming naming convention. Does SAP has somewhere else any additional naming convention guidelines for ABAP programming?
Thanks in advance for your help.
Regards,
Jarmo TuominenNaming convention guidelines for ABAP programming is available in here: [Manage Successful Customer Development|https://websmp206.sap-ag.de/~sapidb/011000358700004444532001E].
Naming Data Types and Objects
The names of data types and objects have the form: <Classifier>_<Data type>_<Descriptor>.
The names of data types and objects have up to 30 characters.
Exceptions: names of input parameters and select options have up to 8 characters, and <Data type> and _ are omitted.
First component: Classifier
T Data type
C Constant
G Global data object
L Local data object
FS Field symbol
P Input parameter
S Select option
P Formal parameter in form
FM Formal parameter in function
Second component: Data Type
<t> Elementary data type, optionally followed by length
C<n> Type C of length <n>
N<l> Type N of length <n>
X<l> Type X of length <n>
D Type D
T Type T
I Type I
P<d> Type P with <d> decimals
F Type F
WA Work area
IT Internal table
Third component: Descriptor
Use meaningful English names. Later, your code may be maintained or analyzed by a programmer or support consultant who is not familiar with another language.
Use only alphanumeric characters (A-Z and 0-9) and separate words with underscores (_). Hyphens are reserved for separating components in structured data types.
Examples:
G_I_COUNTER (global counter)
T_IT_BOOKING_LIST (type for list of bookings)
G_IT_BOOKINGS (global internal table of bookings)
PSMOKER (input parameter for smoker flag: note omission of data type and _ for brevity)
Edited by: Jarmo Tuominen on Feb 21, 2011 2:13 PM -
Termination occurred in the ABAP program "RK2APA00_POST" - in
Hi everybody...I have a cancelled job when run only in applications servers , I see a dump "message typeX" , but when job run in Central Instance not cancelled and finish ok.
The name Job is Zcupon and attach to continue dump info , sorry for extended but I want send all information possible.
know if you can add a file with the abstract and not have to paste the text of the dump, thanks for the help they can deliver.
Regards....Freddy Solar....
Errores tiempo ejec. MESSAGE_TYPE_X
Fecha y hora 18.11.2008 06:35:30
Texto breve
The current application triggered a termination with a short dump.
¿Qué ha sucedido?
The current application program detected a situation which really
should not occur. Therefore, a termination with a short dump was
triggered on purpose by the key word MESSAGE (type X).
Anál.errores
Short text of error message:
RFC_ERROR 4 Conversation 93690218 not found / CPIC-CALL: 'ThSA
Technical information about the message:
Message classe...... "KE"
Number.............. 628
Variable 1.......... "RFC_ERROR"
Variable 2.......... 4
Variable 3.......... "Conversation 93690218 not found / CPIC-CALL: 'ThSA"
Variable 4.......... " "
Last error logged in SAP kernel
Component............ "SAP-Gateway"
Place................ "SAP-Gateway on host SCPAPP1 / sapgw03"
Version.............. 2
Error code........... 728
Error text........... "Conversation 93690218 not found"
Description.......... " "
System call.......... " "
Module............... "gwxxrd.c"
Line................. 6156
The error reported by the operating system is:
Error number..... " "
Error text....... " "
Notas para corregir errores
Probably the only way to eliminate the error is to correct the program.
You may able to find an interim solution to the problem
in the SAP note system. If you have access to the note system yourself,
please use the following search criteria:
"RK2APA00_POST" "MESSAGE_TYPE_X"
If you cannot solve the problem yourself, please send the
following documents to SAP:
1. A hard copy print describing the problem.
To obtain this, select the "Print" function on the current screen.
2. A suitable hardcopy prinout of the system log.
To obtain this, call the system log with Transaction SM21
and select the "Print" function to print out the relevant
part.
3. If the programs are your own programs or modified SAP programs,
supply the source code.
To do this, you can either use the "PRINT" command in the editor or
print the programs using the report RSINCL00.
4. Details regarding the conditions under which the error occurred
or which actions and input led to the error.
Entorno sistema
SAP-Release 700
Application server... "SCPAPP1"
Network address...... "10.1.40.130"
Operating system..... "Windows NT"
Release.............. "5.2"
Hardware type........ "4x AMD64 Level"
Character length.... 16 Bits
Pointer length....... 64 Bits
Work process number.. 3
Shortdump setting.... "full"
Database server... "BALTICO"
Database type..... "DB400"
Database name..... "SCP"
Database user ID.. "R3SCPDATA"
Char.set.... "C"
SAP kernel....... 700
created (date)... "Jun 30 2008 00:10:07"
create on........ "NT 5.2 3790 Service Pack 1 x86 MS VC++ 14.00"
Database version. "DB4_53"
Patch level. 167
Patch text.. " "
Database............. "V5R3, V5R4, V6R1"
SAP database version. 700
Operating system..... "Windows NT 5.0, Windows NT 5.1, Windows NT 5.2, Windows
NT 6.0"
Memory consumption
Roll.... 16192
EM...... 159213920
Heap.... 0
Page.... 5660672
MM Used. 145143664
MM Free. 5680112
Usuario y transacción
Client.............. 400
User................ "ZUSRTARJETAS"
Language key........ "S"
Transaction......... " "
Program............. "RK2APA00_POST"
Screen.............. "SAPMSSY0 1000"
Screen line......... 6
Info posición de cancelación
Termination occurred in the ABAP program "RK2APA00_POST" - in
"INSERT_CE4_FLUSH_BUFFERS".
The main program was "ZVI_CUPON ".
In the source code you have the termination point in line 100
of the (Include) program "RKEVRK2A_POST_COMMIT__FIX".
The program "RK2APA00_POST" was started as a background job.
Job Name....... "ZCUPON"
Job Initiator.. "ZUSRTARJETAS"
Job Number..... 02044200
Detalle código fuente
Lín.
Txt.fte.
70
subrc = sy-subrc.
71
CLEAR: g_t_ce4a_dbbuf[], g_t_ce4_dbbuf[].
72
73
case subrc.
74
when 1.
75
Records were to be inserted into the acct.ref. table CE4xxxx_ACCT
76
but the acct. reference numbers were already occupied. Most likely
77
This problem is due to a explicit or implicit change to the
78
number range COPA_OBJ (subobject is the operating concern)
79
e.g. caused by illegally transporting the contents of CO-PA
80
transaction data table contents (CE4xxxx / CE4xxxx_ACCT).
81
Please check OSS for notes with keywords RKEVRK2A_POST, KF216
82
and CE4XXXX_ACCT. If you do not find any applicable notes please
83
log an OSS message.
84
MESSAGE x216(kf) WITH gc_ce4acct_name.
85
86
when 2.
87
Records were to be inserted into the segment table CE4xxxx
88
but the segment numbers were already occupied. Most likely
89
This problem is due to a explicit or implicit change to the
90
number range COPA_OBJ (subobject is the operating concern)
91
e.g. caused by illegally transporting the contents of CO-PA
92
transaction data table contents (CE4xxxx).
93
Please check OSS for notes with keywords RKEVRK2A_POST, KF203
94
and CE4XXXX. If you do not find any applicable notes please
95
log an OSS message.
96
MESSAGE x203(kf).
97
98
when 3 or 4.
99
Communication error in RFC-Call
>>>>>
message x628(ke) with 'RFC_ERROR' subrc msg_text.
101
102
endcase.
103
104
ENDFORM.
105
Edited by: freddy solar on Jan 2, 2009 8:39 PMHi,
it looks like you have some problem with RFC. It stopped on the following line:
* Communication error in RFC-Call
message x628(ke) with 'RFC_ERROR' subrc msg_text.
Ask your basis guy to check it. The job on application server tried to connect to the central instance and it failed. The job run on central instance does not need to make any RFC call. Hence there is no problem in this case.
Regards -
Migration influence in ABAP program
hi guys,
We are going for migration from 4.6C (Op.sys - HP-Unix, DB-Oracle 8.0) to 4.6C(Op.sys-Solaris,DB-Oracle 9.0).
We need to analyse what are the changes required to be considered before migration.
I guess below things are basic things
1-External command.
2-OS level application execution command.
3-OPEN file path(logical path,physical path)
other than this is there any thing i have to considered for OS and Database difference inside ABAP programs.
appreciate if you Can give me check list...if possible
Pls suggest me.
thanks.
Ambi.MESSAGE ext TYPE mtype ... .
This variant sends a character string contained in text as a message of the message type specified in mtype. You can enter a character-type data object text, which will be used as a short text for the message. Only the first 300 characters in text are taken into account. No long text can be defined for a message of this type.
For mtype, a character-type data object is expected, which must contain the message type in capital letters. Invalid message types generate an untreatable exception.
Notes
: In this variant, the additions WITH and INTO are not allowed in message_options.
If field symbols or formal parameters of the type any or data are specified for text, these must be of character type when the statement is executed. The syntactically identical variant MESSAGE oref cannot be executed with generically typed field symbols or formal parameters.
Because the system fields sy-msgid and sy-msgno are filled unspecifically when a character string is entered, this variant should only be used on rare occasions if the content of the system fields is not required for identification of the message. Otherwise, in all cases in which messages are transferred (for example, from function modules) or logged (for example, in batch input) using these system fields, language-independent access to the message text would be lost.
Example
: Output of an exception text as an information message.
DATA: oref TYPE REF TO cx_sy_arithmetic_error,
text TYPE string.
TRY.
CATCH cx_sy_arithmetic_error INTO oref.
text = oref->get_text( ).
MESSAGE text TYPE 'I'.
ENDTRY. -
RRi for query using ABAP program
For a report, we are using RRI (jump to target) functionality to see invoices in R/3 system using an ABAP program. I do not have much idea on R/3 systems how invoices are setup in R/3 Dev, test and prod. The ABAP report is done by a backend person. I need to place that in RSBBS. Here, my doubt is that do we need to follow the same procedure for this to move it to production system i.e, first create that RRI and ABAP in respective dev systems and transport both to test and then to Prod? Could anyone please explain me the steps on how this will work in real-time?
Points will be assigned.
ThanksHi,
I am not able to find how the two reports are conncted.
You can check in RSBBS t-code. RRI will be defined here to jump from One Query yo another and many more options.
My work is to copy the parent query a nd do some modification to it. Please let me know how to check and achieve that.
You can do this BEx Query Designer itself.
Regards,
Suman -
Error in Posting Data Using ABAP Program.
I am Using Scenario SAP(RFC) to Webservice through XI
I called My RFC into ABAP Program and given RFC Destination
and executing it goes into Short DUMP.
I gives an Error message as
" alternativeServiceIdentifier:party/service from channel configuration are not"
Wat should i Do for this Error.
regards,
Jayasimha JangamHi
Please look into these threads
alternativeServiceIdentifier: party/service from channel configuration are.
Rfc sender problem(sap r/3 -se37) 'alternativeServiceIdentifier: party/serv
Also this Blog will help you,
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/09/07/xi-why-dont-start-searching-for-all-errors-from-one-place
Reward points if found usefull............ -
Creating Infoset query based on ABAP program
Hello
I have 3 tables FEBEP, BKPF and BSEG and I need to join the 3 tables based on:
FEBEP-MANDT = BKPF-MANDT = BSEG-MANDT
FEBEP-NBBLN = BKPF-BELNR = BSEG-AUGBL
FEBEP-GJAHR = BKPF-GJAHR = BSEG-GJAHR
Then I have a few view fields from all the 3 tables. After this I can build an infoset query based on structure + ABAP program, and a generic datasource on top of it.
Can someone give me the ABAP code to be written SE38? Also should I select integrated program/external program in the infoset query?
Thanks,
Srini.Hi,
Even if you create an ABAP program for infoset, you will writing a SELECT statement from BSEG table which is quite huge.
And you will putting JOIN with other tables.
Performance wise this is not advisble.
Why do not try the following other tables and check if the fields you need are available?
You can't join BSEG as it is a Cluster Table.In the place of BSEG you can use:
Account Recivables data use BSID and BSAD tables
GL Account Related data use BSIS and BSAS tables
Account payables data use BSIK and BSAK tables
Thanks. -
How to improve the performance of the abap program
hi all,
I have created an abap program. And it taking long time since the number of records are more. And can anyone let me know how to improve the performance of my abap program.
Using se30 and st05 transaction.
can anyone help me out step by step
regds
harithaHi Haritha,
->Run Any program using SE30 (performance analysis)
Note: Click on the Tips & Tricks button from SE30 to get performance improving tips.
Using this you can improve the performance by analyzing your code part by part.
->To turn runtim analysis on within ABAP code insert the following code
SET RUN TIME ANALYZER ON.
->To turn runtim analysis off within ABAP code insert the following code
SET RUN TIME ANALYZER OFF.
->Always check the driver internal tables is not empty, while using FOR ALL ENTRIES
->Avoid for all entries in JOINS
->Try to avoid joins and use FOR ALL ENTRIES.
->Try to restrict the joins to 1 level only ie only for tables
->Avoid using Select *.
->Avoid having multiple Selects from the same table in the same object.
->Try to minimize the number of variables to save memory.
->The sequence of fields in 'where clause' must be as per primary/secondary index ( if any)
->Avoid creation of index as far as possible
->Avoid operators like <>, > , < & like % in where clause conditions
->Avoid select/select single statements in loops.
->Try to use 'binary search' in READ internal table. -->Ensure table is sorted before using BINARY SEARCH.
->Avoid using aggregate functions (SUM, MAX etc) in selects ( GROUP BY , HAVING,)
->Avoid using ORDER BY in selects
->Avoid Nested Selects
->Avoid Nested Loops of Internal Tables
->Try to use FIELD SYMBOLS.
->Try to avoid into Corresponding Fields of
->Avoid using Select Distinct, Use DELETE ADJACENT
Check the following Links
Re: performance tuning
Re: Performance tuning of program
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/performance.htm
http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
check the below link
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/performance-tuning-for-data-selection-statement.htm
See the following link if it's any help:
http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
Check also http://service.sap.com/performance
and
books like
http://www.sap-press.com/product.cfm?account=&product=H951
http://www.sap-press.com/product.cfm?account=&product=H973
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/more-than-100-abap-interview-faqs.htm
http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
Performance tuning for Data Selection Statement
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/performance-tuning-for-data-selection-statement.htm
Debugger
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
Run Time Analyser
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617cafe68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
SQL trace
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d1/801f7c454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm
CATT - Computer Aided Testing Too
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/b3/410b37233f7c6fe10000009b38f936/frameset.htm
Test Workbench
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/a8/157235d0fa8742e10000009b38f889/frameset.htm
Coverage Analyser
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c7/af9a79061a11d4b3d4080009b43351/content.htm
Runtime Monitor
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/b5/fa121cc15911d5993d00508b6b8b11/content.htm
Memory Inspector
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/a2/e5fc84cc87964cb2c29f584152d74e/content.htm
ECATT - Extended Computer Aided testing tool.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/20/e81c3b84e65e7be10000000a11402f/frameset.htm
Just refer to these links...
performance
Performance
Performance Guide
performance issues...
Performance Tuning
Performance issues
performance tuning
performance tuning
You can go to the transaction SE30 to have the runtime analysis of your program.Also try the transaction SCI , which is SAP Code Inspector.
edited by,
Naveenan -
Call to Java web service from abap program
HI,
I want to call to Java WS from abap program and i read some post how to do that in release of NW 6.4 but I want to know what is the simplest way to do that in release 7.0 .
Many Thanks,
NinaHi Uwe,
Thank you.
I have WSDL or URL how i can call to them ,in the example that you send i don't find the place that it called.
Do i have to create proxy for that ?
BR
Nina -
Access table using ABAP program in other database
Dear SAP Expert,
We have requirement that related to SAP interface.
Our SAP system run on Oracle database 11g (Unix).
Illustration: SAP system = A non SAP system = B
We need to access a table using ABAP program (from SAP system A) in other database (system B) that are not necessarily SAP database. The non-SAP system using SQL Server 2008 (Windows).
What is the best practice for this interface
Do we need database link? If yes, please help to inform me the details step to configure it.
Thanks and RegardsHi Friend,
You try using an intermediate system..passing your input required to fetch the data..and PI should call the respective query to retrive record..once the full flow is completed you should get the return through some table in the calling program.
else.
ask the other system guy to write a function with select query and ask him to expose as RFC and that RFC we have to call it as RFC in our program to get the required values and only thing we need here is a proper connector in place.
Regards
S.Janagar -
Hello ABAP Programmers,
I am new to ABAP. I am learning ABAP Programming. I have the SAP PDF file of the ABAP Programming but it is of version April 2001.
Is any body have latest version of the same.
Please provide me some link of the PDFs.
Thanks in Advance,
Prashantgo through the links
Start with this.Refer this
http://www.sapbrain.com/FAQs/TECHNICAL/SAP_ABAP_DATADICTIONARY_FAQ.html
http://www.****************/InterviewQ/interviewQ.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/35/2cd77bd7705394e10000009b387c12/frameset.htm
Reports
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/reports.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/material.html
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/reportinghome.htm
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58286
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=76490
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20591
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=66305 - this one discusses which way should you use - ABAP Objects calls or simple function modules.
ALE/ IDOC
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
Check these step-by-step links
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/ccab6730-0501-0010-ee84-de050a6cc287
https://sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/8fd773b3-0301-0010-eabe-82149bcc292e
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/3c5d9ae3-0501-0010-0090-bdfb2d458985
for Smartforms material
http://www.sap-basis-abap.com/sapsf001.htm
http://www.sap-press.com/downloads/h955_preview.pdf
http://www.ossincorp.com/Black_Box/Black_Box_2.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/sap-smart-forms.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smartform-tutorial.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/smartforms.htm
How to trace smartform
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/49/c3d8a4a05b11d5b6ef006094192fe3/frameset.htm
http://www.help.sap.com/bp_presmartformsv1500/DOCU/OVIEW_EN.PDF
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smart-006.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smartforms-faq-part-two.htm
Re: Need FAQ's
check most imp link
http://www.sapbrain.com/ARTICLES/TECHNICAL/SMARTFORMS/smartforms.html
step by step good ex link is....
http://smoschid.tripod.com/How_to_do_things_in_SAP/How_To_Build_SMARTFORMS/How_To_Build_SMARTFORMS.html
SAPScripts
http://esnips.com/doc/1ff9f8e8-0a4c-42a7-8819-6e3ff9e7ab44/sapscripts.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/1e487f0c-8009-4ae1-9f9c-c07bd953dbfa/script-command.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/64d4eccb-e09b-48e1-9be9-e2818d73f074/faqss.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/cb7e39b4-3161-437f-bfc6-21e6a50e1b39/sscript.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/fced4d36-ba52-4df9-ab35-b3d194830bbf/symbols-in-scripts.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/b57e8989-ccf0-40d0-8992-8183be831030/sapscript-how-to-calculate-totals-and-subtotals.htm
SAP SCRIPT FIELDS
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/d1/8033ea454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm
scripts easy material
http://www.allsaplinks.com/sap_script_made_easy.html
Debugging Document.
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/84/1f624f4505144199e3d570cf7a9225/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_bw30b/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
BAPI
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/9b/417f07ee2211d1ad14080009b0fb56/frameset.htm
http://searchsap.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid21_gci948835,00.html
Checkout !!
http://searchsap.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid21_gci948835,00.html
http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6329-1051160.html#
http://www.sap-img.com/bapi.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/bapi-conventions.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiintro.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/bapi/example.htm
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCMIDAPII/CABFAAPIINTRO.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/CABFABAPIREF/CABFABAPIPG.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCFESDE8/BCFESDE8.pdf
List of all BAPIs
http://www.planetsap.com/LIST_ALL_BAPIs.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiintro.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiprg.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiactx.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapilst.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiexer.pdf
http://service.sap.com/ale
http://service.sap.com/bapi
http://www.geocities.com/mpioud/Abap_programs.html
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/reportinghome.htm
Simple ALV report
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/alvgrid.htm
http://wiki.ittoolbox.com/index.php/Code:Ultimate_ALV_table_toolbox
ALV
1. Please give me general info on ALV.
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58286
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=76490
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20591
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=66305 - this one discusses which way should you use - ABAP Objects calls or simple function modules.
2. How do I program double click in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11601
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=23010
3. How do I add subtotals (I have problem to add them)...
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20386
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=85191
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=88401
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=17335
4. How to add list heading like top-of-page in ABAP lists?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58775
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=60550
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=16629
5. How to print page number / total number of pages X/XX in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=29597 (no direct solution)
6. ALV printing problems. The favourite is: The first page shows the number of records selected but I don't need this.
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=64320
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=44477
7. How can I set the cell color in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=52107
8. How do I print a logo/graphics in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=81149
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=35498
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=5013
9. How do I create and use input-enabled fields in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=84933
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=69878
10. How can I use ALV for reports that are going to be run in background?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=83243
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=19224
11. How can I display an icon in ALV? (Common requirement is traffic light icon).
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=79424
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=24512
12. How can I display a checkbox in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=88376
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=40968
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6919
Go thru these programs they may help u to try on some hands on
ALV Demo program
BCALV_DEMO_HTML
BCALV_FULLSCREEN_DEMO ALV Demo: Fullscreen Mode
BCALV_FULLSCREEN_DEMO_CLASSIC ALV demo: Fullscreen mode
BCALV_GRID_DEMO Simple ALV Control Call Demo Program
BCALV_TREE_DEMO Demo for ALV tree control
BCALV_TREE_SIMPLE_DEMO
BC_ALV_DEMO_HTML_D0100
Remote Function Call:
RFC is an SAP interface protocol. Based on CPI-C, it considerably simplifies the programming of communication processes between systems.
RFCs enable you to call and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even in the same system.
RFCs manage the communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/22/042860488911d189490000e829fbbd/frameset.htm.
ALE/ IDOC
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
Refer this
http://www.sapbrain.com/FAQs/TECHNICAL/SAP_ABAP_DATADICTIONARY_FAQ.html
http://www.****************/InterviewQ/interviewQ.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/35/2cd77bd7705394e10000009b387c12/frameset.htm
http://www.techinterviews.com/?p=198
http://www.techinterviews.com/?p=326
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/answers-to-some-abap-interview-questions.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/more-than-100-abap-interview-faqs.htm
http://www.geekinterview.com/Interview-Questions/SAP-R-3/ABAP
http://sap.ittoolbox.com/documents/popular-q-and-a/abap-sample-interview-questions-3240
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/abap-interview-question.htm
http://www.allinterview.com/Interview-Questions/ABAP.html
new to abap
New to ABAP
New to ABAP
new to ABAP
Reward points.. -
The performance of ABAP programs
Hey Experts , how can one analyze the performance of ABAP programs apart from using the generic tools such as Trace etc.
Hi Chakradhar,
Overview & Introduction
The runtime analysis tool allows you to examine the performance of any ABAP programs, such as reports, subroutines, function modules or classes, that you create in the ABAP workbench. It saves its results in performance data files, which you can display as lists. You can use these results to identify runtime-intensive statements, to combine table accesses, and show the hierarchy of program calls.
Normally you use the runtime analysis tool to measure the runtime of complex program segments or complete transactions (if you want to measure the runtime of smaller program segments or individual ABAP statements you can use the ABAP statement GET RUN TIME FIELD ).
However, we use only simple
The Programs to be Analyzed
Let's assume I am a very newbie in ABAP and I have written a tiny little program which is doing the following:
reading data from a database table
storing that data in an internal table
display that data on a list (at the start of the program you have to specify certain key values; only matching data should be displayed later on).
So here it comes (and it seems to work as designed ...)
REPORT y_wlog_atra_1.
PARAMETERS: p_carrid TYPE sbook-carrid DEFAULT 'LH',
p_connid TYPE sbook-connid DEFAULT '0400'.
DATA: wa_sbook TYPE sbook,
itab_sbook TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF sbook.
*SELECT * FROM sbook INTO wa_sbook.*
CHECK: wa_sbook-carrid = 'LH' AND
wa_sbook-connid = '0400'.
APPEND wa_sbook TO itab_sbook.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT itab_sbook INTO wa_sbook.
WRITE: /,
wa_sbook-carrid,
wa_sbook-connid,
wa_sbook-fldate,
wa_sbook-bookid,
wa_sbook-customid,
wa_sbook-custtype.
ENDLOOP.
A nice colleague has thrown a glance at my source code. He has given the hint to use a WHERE clause with the SELECT statement instead of the CHECK statement for reasons of better performance.
So I have written another program:
REPORT y_wlog_atra_2.
*SELECT * FROM sbook INTO wa_sbook*
WHERE carrid = 'LH' AND
connid = '0400'.
APPEND wa_sbook TO itab_sbook.
ENDSELECT.
I am curious about the performance now. Let's compare the 2 variants with the ABAP Runtime Analysis tool.
ABAP Runtime Analysis: Tool & Procedure
To start it, choose Test --> Runtime Analysis in the SAP Menu, or use transaction SE30 .
The runtime analysis procedure consists of two parts:
Recording performance data (upper part of the screen)
Analyzing the performance data (lower part of the screen; this part only appears if there are performance data files in place)
The procedure for the first part (Recording performance data):
We go to the initial screen of the runtime analysis (transaction code SE30 ) and specify the name of the first program (Y_WLOG_ATRA_1) in the relevant input field. After that we press the button Execute .
The selection screen of the program Y_WLOG_ATRA_1 (including the 2 input fields) is displayed. At the bottom of the screen we are informed that the measurement has been started. We continue by clicking the Execute button.
Later on we will see that a file (containing performance data) has been created in parallel.
Now we repeat that procedure for our second program (Y_WLOG_ATRA_2).
The second step is the analysis of the generated performance data.
To do that we have to go to the initial screen of the Runtime Analysis tool again. On the bottom part of the screen you can specify those performance data files you want to analyze.
You can see some information related to the last measurement run (in our case that was program (Y_WLOG_ATRA_2). By pressing the button Other File we are able to select those performance data files we like to analyze.
I want to see all the files I have created (user BCUSER).
I get the relevant list with 2 lines (related to the performance data files of the programs Y_WLOG_ATRA_1 and Y_WLOG_ATRA_2).
Based on that list you can display the distinct performance data per line. You have to click in the column Object Type of the relevant line.
As a start the tool displays the evaluation overview (showing the cumulated execution times for the ABAP, database and system-level).
Here comes the evaluation overview for program Y_WLOG_ATRA_1
We can do the same for the other program Y_WLOG_ATRA_2
By comparing the perfomance data of the 2 programs we clearly see that I have done well with listening to the advice of my colleague. The performance of the second program is dramatically better.
In the next step you can forward to a more detailed display of the performance data (Hitlists). That listing shows the different granular execution steps ( according to your filter adjustments ). Here you can easily identify the most time-consuming progam units.
And it will also be a good idea to glance at the Tips & Tricks corner. You will find many valuable suggestions about good performance definitely.
Please use the below link to see the Screen shots of the screens
[http://searchsap.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid21_gci1265920,00.html|Performance Analysing] -
How to check frequency of ABAP program usage
Dear Experts,
How to find out the frequency of ABAP programs executed by users? the reason is because we want to do a housekeeping on all the ABAP reports that we have developed over the years, we want to deactivate those reports that are no longer executed by the user within 1 year. Anyone can give suggestion?
I already tried using SM36, but this is only for those programs scheduled in background or immediate, how about those programs running on foreground?Hello,
You can use the trxn SM20N. But bear in mind some prior config needs to be in place for the logging to be active (trxn SM19).
For further details on SM20 read this: [Security Audit Log|http://help.sap.com/SAPhelp_nw70/helpdata/en/2c/c59d37d373243de10000009b38f8cf/frameset.htm]
@Sap Fan: STAD can be used in case the audit log is not available (e.g., due to missing config) but afaik there is a limitation on the date range you can provide.
BR,
Suhas
Edited by: Suhas Saha on Sep 7, 2010 9:39 AM
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